1
|
Wang H, Zhao P, He Y, Su Y, Zhou X, Guo H. Transcriptome and miRNAs Profiles Reveal Regulatory Network and Key Regulators of Secondary Xylem Formation in "84K" Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16438. [PMID: 38003631 PMCID: PMC10671414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary xylem produced by stem secondary growth is the main source of tree biomass and possesses great economic and ecological value in papermaking, construction, biofuels, and the global carbon cycle. The secondary xylem formation is a complex developmental process, and the underlying regulatory networks and potential mechanisms are still under exploration. In this study, using hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa clone 84K) as a model system, we first ascertained three representative stages of stem secondary growth and then investigated the regulatory network of secondary xylem formation by joint analysis of transcriptome and miRNAs. Notably, 7507 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 55 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified from stage 1 without initiating secondary growth to stage 2 with just initiating secondary growth, which was much more than those identified from stage 2 to stage 3 with obvious secondary growth. DEGs encoding transcription factors and lignin biosynthetic enzymes and those associated with plant hormones were found to participate in the secondary xylem formation. MiRNA-target analysis revealed that a total of 85 DEMs were predicted to have 2948 putative targets. Among them, PagmiR396d-PagGRFs, PagmiR395c-PagGA2ox1/PagLHW/PagSULTR2/PagPolyubiquitin 1, PagmiR482d-PagLAC4, PagmiR167e-PagbHLH62, and PagmiR167f/g/h-PagbHLH110 modules were involved in the regulating cambial activity and its differentiation into secondary xylem, cell expansion, secondary cell wall deposition, and programmed cell death. Our results give new insights into the regulatory network and mechanism of secondary xylem formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huihong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (H.W.); (P.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bouranis DL, Chorianopoulou SN. Foliar Application of Sulfur-Containing Compounds-Pros and Cons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3794. [PMID: 38005690 PMCID: PMC10674314 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate is taken up from the soil solution by the root system; and inside the plant, it is assimilated to hydrogen sulfide, which in turn is converted to cysteine. Sulfate is also taken up by the leaves, when foliage is sprayed with solutions containing sulfate fertilizers. Moreover, several other sulfur (S)-containing compounds are provided through foliar application, including the S metabolites hydrogen sulfide, glutathione, cysteine, methionine, S-methylmethionine, and lipoic acid. However, S compounds that are not metabolites, such as thiourea and lignosulfonates, along with dimethyl sulfoxide and S-containing adjuvants, are provided by foliar application-these are the S-containing agrochemicals. In this review, we elaborate on the fate of these compounds after spraying foliage and on the rationale and the efficiency of such foliar applications. The foliar application of S-compounds in various combinations is an emerging area of agricultural usefulness. In the agricultural practice, the S-containing compounds are not applied alone in spray solutions and the need for proper combinations is of prime importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris L. Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- PlanTerra Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Quality, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani N. Chorianopoulou
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- PlanTerra Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Quality, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watanabe M, Netzer F, Tohge T, Orf I, Brotman Y, Dubbert D, Fernie AR, Rennenberg H, Hoefgen R, Herschbach C. Metabolome and Lipidome Profiles of Populus × canescens Twig Tissues During Annual Growth Show Phospholipid-Linked Storage and Mobilization of C, N, and S. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1292. [PMID: 30233628 PMCID: PMC6133996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The temperate climax tree species Fagus sylvatica and the floodplain tree species Populus × canescens possess contrasting phosphorus (P) nutrition strategies. While F. sylvatica has been documented to display P storage and mobilization (Netzer et al., 2017), this was not observed for Populus × canescens (Netzer et al., 2018b). Nevertheless, changes in the abundance of organic bound P in gray poplar trees indicated adaptation of the P nutrition to different needs during annual growth. The present study aimed at characterizing seasonal changes in metabolite and lipid abundances in gray poplar and uncovering differences in metabolite requirement due to specific needs depending on the season. Seasonal variations in the abundance of (i) sugar-Ps and phospholipids, (ii) amino acids, (iii) sulfur compounds, and (iv) carbon metabolites were expected. It was hypothesized that seasonal changes in metabolite levels relate to N, S, and C storage and mobilization. Changes in organic metabolites binding Pi (Porg) are supposed to support these processes. Variation in triacylglycerols, in sugar-phosphates, in metabolites of the TCA cycle and in the amino acid abundance of poplar twig buds, leaves, bark, and wood were found to be linked to changes in metabolite abundances as well as to C, N, and S storage and mobilization processes. The observed changes support the view of a lack of any P storage in poplar. Yet, during dormancy, contents of phospholipids in twig bark and wood were highest probably due to frost-hardening and to its function in extra-plastidic membranes such as amyloplasts, oleosomes, and protein bodies. Consistent with this assumption, in spring sugar-Ps increased when phospholipids declined and poplar plants entering the vegetative growth period and, hence, metabolic activity increases. These results indicate that poplar trees adopt a policy of P nutrition without P storage and mobilization that is different from their N- and S-nutrition strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Isabel Orf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - David Dubbert
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Netzer F, Mueller CW, Scheerer U, Grüner J, Kögel-Knabner I, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H. Phosphorus nutrition of Populus × canescens reflects adaptation to high P-availability in the soil. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:6-24. [PMID: 29077948 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) constitutes one of five macronutrients essential for plant growth and development due to the central function of phosphate in energy metabolism, inheritance and metabolic control. In many ecosystems, plant available soil-P gets limited by soil aging. Hence, plants have developed adaptation strategies to cope with such limitation by an efficient plant and ecosystem internal P-cycling during annual growth. The natural floodplain habitat of fast-growing Populus × canescens is characterized by high soil-P availability. It was thus expected that the P-nutrition of P. × canescens had adapted to this conditions. Therefore, different P-fractions in different twig tissues were investigated during two annual growth cycles. The P-nutrition of P. × canescens markedly differs from that of European beech grown at low soil-P availability (Netzer F, Schmid C, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H (2017) Phosphorus-nutrition of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during annual growth depends on tree age and P-availability in the soil. Environ Exp Bot 137:194-207). This was mainly due to a lack of tree internal P-cycling during annual growth indicated by the absence of P-storage and remobilization in twig bark and wood. Hence, strategies to economize P-nutrition and to prevent P-losses had not developed. This fits with the fast-growth strategy of P. × canescens at unrestricted P-availability. Hence, the P-nutrition strategy of P. × canescens can be seen as an evolutionary adaptation to its natural growth habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ursula Scheerer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Grüner
- Chair of Forest Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
- Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, College of Science, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nasiri J, Naghavi MR, Alizadeh H, Moghadam MRF. Seasonal-based temporal changes fluctuate expression patterns of TXS, DBAT, BAPT and DBTNBT genes alongside production of associated taxanes in Taxus baccata. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1103-1119. [PMID: 26883228 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cues have synergistic or antagonistic regulatory roles on transcription activity and taxanes accumulation in yew, though DBAT activity is less influenced, could be accordingly a rate-limiting enzyme. The current work was undertaken to elucidate the consequences of some environmental cues (i.e., day length, temperature, sunlight and relative humidity) on the expression patterns of TXS, DBAT, BAPT and DBTNBT genes contributed to the taxol biosynthetic pathway along with the accumulation of some taxanes in needles and stems of Taxus baccata over year 2013-2014. In both tissues, light intensity and temperature correlated with the production of 10-DAB III and total taxanes, and TXS activity, while a lack of significant association was deduced for day length and relative humidity. Furthermore, in both tissues, a weak correlation was observed between BAC III and light intensity, temperature, day length and relative humidity, and the corresponding gene, DBAT. Surprisingly, DBAT activity was not co-induced with TXS in both tissues, and remained expressed at basal levels over year, supporting that the conversion of 10-DAB III into BAC III could presumably be a rate limiting step in the taxol biosynthetic pathway. Similar to BAC III, no strong correlation was detected between production of taxol in both tissues and all the meteorological data, while the corresponding genes BAPT and DBTNBT, in some cases, exhibited significant correlated results. Notably, despite higher activities of BAPT and DBTNBT in both tissues over year, taxol production was still in small quantities, probably owing to the low amounts of its precursors rather than low volumes of BAPT and DBTNBT transcripts. The results, altogether, could provide us new insights towards the potential regulatory roles of environmental cues on the production of taxanes in yew trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Nasiri
- Division of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Division of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|