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Pastierovič F, Kalyniukova A, Hradecký J, Dvořák O, Vítámvás J, Mogilicherla K, Tomášková I. Biochemical Responses in Populus tremula: Defending against Sucking and Leaf-Chewing Insect Herbivores. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1243. [PMID: 38732458 PMCID: PMC11085190 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The main biochemical traits were estimated in poplar leaves under biotic attack (aphids and spongy moth infestation). Changes in the abundance of bioactive compounds in genetically uniform individuals of European aspen (Populus tremula), such as proline, polyphenolic compounds, chlorophylls a and b, and volatile compounds, were determined between leaves damaged by sucking insects (aphid-Chaitophorus nassonowi) and chewing insects (spongy moth-Lymantria dispar) compared to uninfected leaves. Among the nine analyzed phenolic compounds, only catechin and procyanidin showed significant differences between the control leaves and leaves affected by spongy moths or aphids. GC-TOF-MS volatile metabolome analysis showed the clear separation of the control versus aphids-infested and moth-infested leaves. In total, the compounds that proved to have the highest explanatory power for aphid-infested leaves were 3-hexenal and 5-methyl-2-furanone, and for moth-infested leaves, trans-α-farnesene and 4-cyanocyclohexane. The aphid-infested leaves contained around half the amount of chlorophylls and twice the amount of proline compared to uninfected leaves, and these results evidenced that aphids influence plant physiology more than chewing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pastierovič
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Alina Kalyniukova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Ondřej Dvořák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Jan Vítámvás
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
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Zhang J, Komail Raza SA, Wei Z, Keesey IW, Parker AL, Feistel F, Chen J, Cassau S, Fandino RA, Grosse-Wilde E, Dong S, Kingsolver J, Gershenzon J, Knaden M, Hansson BS. Competing beetles attract egg laying in a hawkmoth. Curr Biol 2022; 32:861-869.e8. [PMID: 35016007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In nature, plant-insect interactions occur in complex settings involving multiple trophic levels, often with multiple species at each level.1 Herbivore attack of a host plant typically dramatically alters the plant's odor emission in terms of concentration and composition.2,3 Therefore, a well-adapted herbivore should be able to predict whether a plant is still suitable as a host by judging these changes in the emitted bouquet. Although studies have demonstrated that oviposition preferences of successive insects were affected by previous infestations,4,5 the underlying molecular and olfactory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that tobacco hawkmoths (Manduca sexta) preferentially oviposit on Jimson weed (Datura wrightii) that is already infested by a specialist, the three-lined potato beetle (Lema daturaphila). Interestingly, the moths' offspring do not benefit directly, as larvae develop more slowly when feeding together with Lema beetles. However, one of M. sexta's main enemies, the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata, prefers the headspace of M. sexta-infested plants to that of plants infested by both herbivores. Hence, we conclude that female M. sexta ignore the interspecific competition with beetles and oviposit deliberately on beetle-infested plants to provide their offspring with an enemy-reduced space, thus providing a trade-off that generates a net benefit to the survival and fitness of the subsequent generation. We identify that α-copaene, emitted by beetle-infested Datura, plays a role in this preference. By performing heterologous expression and single-sensillum recordings, we show that odorant receptor (Or35) is involved in α-copaene detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Syed Ali Komail Raza
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Ian W Keesey
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anna L Parker
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Felix Feistel
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sina Cassau
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard A Fandino
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Dale R. Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; EXTEMIT-K, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Joel Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Qin S, Wu Z, Tang J, Zhu G, Chen G, Chen L, Lei H, Wang X, Zhu T, Lin T. Effects of exogenous spermidine on poplar resistance to leaf and root herbivory as affected by soil cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112467. [PMID: 33823455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elemental defense hypothesis (EDH) proposed that metal accumulation in plants could increase plant resistance to herbivores. However, the over-accumulation of metals in low-accumulators such as woody plants will cause adverse effects on plant health. Thus, the application of EDH on low-accumulators in metal contaminated areas is strongly limited. Since the supplement of exogenous spermidine (Spd) was reported to alleviate metal-induced toxicity in plants while stimulating metal accumulation in plant tissues, we hypothesized that such application will further improve plant resistance to herbivores. In this study, we employed a woody plant species, Populus yunnanensis, to test this hypothesis. We first tested a Spd concentration series applied on plants subjected to soil cadmium (Cd) stress and found that the 1 mM Spd strongly promoted plant growth while stimulated Cd accumulation in plant leaves and roots. We further conducted herbivore bioassays to test the growth performance and feeding preference of two leaf herbivore species and a root herbivore species that fed on plants from different treatments. The results showed that the inhibition effect of Cd stressed-plants on herbivore growth was significantly magnified by the addition of Spd. The growth weight of all the three tested herbivores were negatively correlated with increased Cd concentrations in plant tissues. In addition, the feeding preferences of the two leaf herbivore species were strongly repelled by leaf discs from Cd-treated plants with Spd supplement. The results suggested that the application of exogenous Spd at a certain dose could enhance elemental defense of plants against herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayao Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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Lackus ND, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J, Köllner TG. A peroxisomal β-oxidative pathway contributes to the formation of C6-C1 aromatic volatiles in poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:891-909. [PMID: 33723573 PMCID: PMC8195509 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzenoids (C6-C1 aromatic compounds) play important roles in plant defense and are often produced upon herbivory. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) produces a variety of volatile and nonvolatile benzenoids involved in various defense responses. However, their biosynthesis in poplar is mainly unresolved. We showed feeding of the poplar leaf beetle (Chrysomela populi) on P. trichocarpa leaves led to increased emission of the benzenoid volatiles benzaldehyde, benzylalcohol, and benzyl benzoate. The accumulation of salicinoids, a group of nonvolatile phenolic defense glycosides composed in part of benzenoid units, was hardly affected by beetle herbivory. In planta labeling experiments revealed that volatile and nonvolatile poplar benzenoids are produced from cinnamic acid (C6-C3). The biosynthesis of C6-C1 aromatic compounds from cinnamic acid has been described in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers where the pathway includes a peroxisomal-localized chain shortening sequence, involving cinnamate-CoA ligase (CNL), cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/dehydrogenase (CHD), and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis enabled the identification of small CNL, CHD, and KAT gene families in P. trichocarpa. Heterologous expression of the candidate genes in Escherichia coli and characterization of purified proteins in vitro revealed enzymatic activities similar to those described in petunia flowers. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the CNL subfamily in gray poplar (Populus x canescens) resulted in decreased emission of C6-C1 aromatic volatiles upon herbivory, while constitutively accumulating salicinoids were not affected. This indicates the peroxisomal β-oxidative pathway participates in the formation of volatile benzenoids. The chain shortening steps for salicinoids, however, likely employ an alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie D Lackus
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Author for communication:
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Lackus ND, Morawetz J, Xu H, Gershenzon J, Dickschat JS, Köllner TG. The Sesquiterpene Synthase PtTPS5 Produces (1 S,5 S,7 R,10 R)-Guaia-4(15)-en-11-ol and (1 S,7 R,10 R)-Guaia-4-en-11-ol in Oomycete-Infected Poplar Roots. Molecules 2021; 26:555. [PMID: 33494506 PMCID: PMC7866031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen infection often leads to the enhanced formation of specialized plant metabolites that act as defensive barriers against microbial attackers. In this study, we investigated the formation of potential defense compounds in roots of the Western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) upon infection with the generalist root pathogen Phytophthora cactorum (Oomycetes). P. cactorum infection led to an induced accumulation of terpenes, aromatic compounds, and fatty acids in poplar roots. Transcriptome analysis of uninfected and P. cactorum-infected roots revealed a terpene synthase gene PtTPS5 that was significantly induced upon pathogen infection. PtTPS5 had been previously reported as a sesquiterpene synthase producing two unidentified sesquiterpene alcohols as major products and hedycaryol as a minor product. Using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, enzyme assays with deuterium-labeled substrates, and NMR analysis of reaction products, we could identify the major PtTPS5 products as (1S,5S,7R,10R)-guaia-4(15)-en-11-ol and (1S,7R,10R)-guaia-4-en-11-ol, with the former being a novel compound. The transcript accumulation of PtTPS5 in uninfected and P. cactorum-infected poplar roots matched the accumulation of (1S,5S,7R,10R)-guaia-4(15)-en-11-ol, (1S,7R,10R)-guaia-4-en-11-ol, and hedycaryol in this tissue, suggesting that PtTPS5 likely contributes to the pathogen-induced formation of these compounds in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie D. Lackus
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.D.L.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Jennifer Morawetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.D.L.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.X.); (J.S.D.)
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.D.L.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.X.); (J.S.D.)
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.D.L.); (J.M.); (J.G.)
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Herbivore Gender Effects on Volatile Induction in Aspen and on Olfactory Responses in Leaf Beetles. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species used for short-rotation forestry in northern latitudes. Aspen species have a rich herbivore fauna, including defoliating leaf beetles that induce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when feeding on aspen leaves. We investigated the differential induction of VOCs by male and female Phratora laticollis leaf beetles feeding on hybrid aspen and the differences in the orientation of beetles in response to gender-specific induced VOCs. The hypotheses for the study were (1) the VOCs in the headspace of plants infested with beetles of the two genders individually and in mixed aggregates would vary subtly, and (2) foraging adult beetles would be able to detect differences in VOC blends and use them to fine-tune their orientation choices. In Y-tube bioassays, both females and males preferred VOCs from leaves damaged by one gender (females or males) over undamaged leaves. However, if leaves were damaged by a two-gender population, neither females nor males indicated a preference over volatiles of undamaged leaves. Leaves damaged by both beetle genders simultaneously had significantly increased green leaf volatile (GLV), benzenoid and homoterpene emissions compared to undamaged leaves. Emissions of these compounds possibly indicate higher herbivore pressure and a higher risk of attack by parasitoids and predators and could thus be the cause of the lack of beetle preference. Our findings provide new basic information on gender-based host plant selection by herbivores and may be helpful in the development of sustainable biogenic VOC-based herbivore-control methods for intensive short-rotation hybrid aspen production.
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