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Ivanauskas L, Uminska K, Gudžinskas Z, Heinrich M, Georgiyants V, Kozurak A, Mykhailenko O. Phenological Variations in the Content of Polyphenols and Triterpenoids in Epilobium angustifolium Herb Originating from Ukraine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:120. [PMID: 38202428 PMCID: PMC10781012 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The composition of secondary metabolites undergoes significant changes in plants depending on the growth phase and the influence of environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to determine the harvesting time of plant material for the optimum secondary metabolite profile and therapeutic activity of the primary material. The shoots of Epilobium angustifolium are used as a healing tea due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the composition of phenolic compounds and triterpenoid saponins in E. angustifolium leaves and flowers and to estimate the dynamics of their content depending on the flowering phase. Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of polyphenols and triterpenoids in E. angustifolium samples from Ukraine of three flowering phases were performed using the high-performance liquid chromatography photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) method. During the present study, 13 polyphenolic compounds and seven triterpenoids were identified in the plant material. It was noted that the largest content and the best polyphenol profile was in late flowering. The most important polyphenolic compounds in the plant material were chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitin, and oenothein B. The triterpenoid profile was at its maximum during mass flowering, with corosolic and ursolic acids being the dominant metabolites. The results of the analysis revealed that the quantity of many of the tested metabolites in the raw material of E. angustifolium is dependent on the plant organ and flowering phase. The largest content of most metabolites in the leaves was in late flowering. In the flowers, the quantity of the metabolites studied was more variable, but decreased during mass flowering and increased significantly again in late flowering. The results show that E. angustifolium raw material is a potential source of oenothein B and triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus Str. 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kateryna Uminska
- Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Professional College, Chudnivska Str. 99, 10005 Zhytomyr, Ukraine;
| | - Zigmantas Gudžinskas
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 47, 12200 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.H.); (O.M.)
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 4-Valentynivska Str., 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Alla Kozurak
- Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, 90600 Rakhiv, Ukraine;
| | - Olha Mykhailenko
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.H.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 4-Valentynivska Str., 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
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Zhang XM, Li JT, Xia Y, Shi XQ, Liu XL, Tang M, Tang J, Sun W, Yi Y. Early and Late Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses of Rhododendron 'Xiaotaohong' Petals to Infection with Alternaria sp. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12695. [PMID: 37628875 PMCID: PMC10454523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, petal blight disease caused by pathogens has become increasingly epidemic in Rhododendron. Breeding disease-resistant rhododendron is considered to be a more environmentally friendly strategy than is the use of chemical reagents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the response mechanisms of rhododendron varieties to petal blight, using transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Specifically, we monitored changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in Rhododendron 'Xiaotaohong' petals infected with the Alternaria sp. strain (MR-9). The infection of MR-9 led to the development of petal blight and induced significant changes in gene transcription. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. These DEGs were involved in carrying out stress responses, with genes associated with H2O2 production being up-regulated during the early and late stages of infection. Correspondingly, H2O2 accumulation was detected in the vicinity of the blight lesions. In addition, defense-related genes, including PR and FRK, exhibited significant up-regulated expression during the infection by MR-9. In the late stage of the infection, we also observed significant changes in differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs), including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. Notably, the levels of euscaphic acid, ganoderol A, (-)-cinchonidine, and theophylline in infected petals were 21.8, 8.5, 4.5, and 4.3 times higher, respectively, compared to the control. Our results suggest that H2O2, defense-related genes, and DAM accumulation are involved in the complex response mechanisms of Rhododendron 'Xiaotaohong' petals to MR-9 infection. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of petal blight disease and may have practical implications for developing disease-resistant rhododendron varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Jie-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xiao-Qian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xian-Lun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Ming Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.-T.L.); (Y.X.); (X.-Q.S.); (J.T.); (W.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Bellec L, Cortesero AM, Marnet N, Faure S, Hervé MR. Age-specific allocation of glucosinolates within plant reproductive tissues. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111690. [PMID: 36965631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) predicts that the distribution of defenses within a plant should mirror the value and vulnerability of each tissue. Although the ODT has received much experimental support, very few studies have examined defense allocation among reproductive tissues and none assessed simultaneously how these defenses evolve with age. We quantified glucosinolates in perianths, anthers and pistils at different bud maturity stages (i.e., intermediate flower buds, old flower buds and flowers) of undamaged and mechanically damaged plants of an annual brassicaceous species. The youngest leaf was used as a reference for vegetative organs, since it is predicted to be one of the most defended. In line with ODT predictions, reproductive tissues were more defended than vegetative tissues constitutively, and within the former, pistils and anthers more defended than perianths. No change in the overall defense level was found between bud maturity stages, but a significant temporal shift was observed between pistils and anthers. Contrary to ODT predictions, mechanical damage did not induce systemic defenses in leaves but only in pistils. Our results show that defense allocation in plant reproductive tissues occurs at fine spatial and temporal scales, extending the application framework of the ODT. They also demonstrate interactions between space and time in fine-scale defense allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bellec
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Innolea, 6 Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France.
| | | | | | | | - Maxime R Hervé
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
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Edorh Tossa P, Belorgey M, Dashbaldan S, Pączkowski C, Szakiel A. Flowers and Inflorescences of Selected Medicinal Plants as a Source of Triterpenoids and Phytosterols. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1838. [PMID: 37176893 PMCID: PMC10181404 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroids and triterpenoids are compounds valued for their various biological and pharmacological properties; however, their content in medicinal and edible plants is often understudied. Flowers have been consumed since the ancient times as a part of traditional cuisine and as alternative medicines. Currently, the interest in medicinal and edible flowers is growing since contemporary consumers are incessantly seeking innovative natural sources of bioactive compounds. The aim of this report was the GC-MS (gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis of steroid and triterpenoid content in flowers, inflorescences and leaves of several plants (Berberis vulgaris L., Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC., Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill., Rosa rugosa Thunb., Sambucus nigra L. and Vinca minor L.), applied in herbal medicine in various forms, including isolated flowers (Flos), inflorescences (Inflorescentia) or aerial parts (Herba, i.e., combined flowers, leaves and stems). The most abundant source of triterpenoids was V. minor flowers (6.3 mg/g d.w.), whereas the steroids were prevailing in P. vulgaris flowers (1.8 and 1.1 mg/g). The profiles of triterpenoid acids and neutral triterpenoids in C. laevigata and S. nigra inflorescences were particularly diverse, involving compounds belonging to lupane-, oleanane- and ursane-type skeletons. The obtained results revealed that some flowers can constitute an abundant source of phytosterols and bioactive triterpenoids, valuable for utilization in functional foods, dietary supplements and cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Edorh Tossa
- Clermont Auvergne Institut National Polytechnique, SIGMA Clermont, Campus des Cézeaux CS 20265, 63178 Aubière, France
| | - Morgan Belorgey
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Soyol Dashbaldan
- School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, 8th Khoroo, Baga Toiruu 34, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia;
| | - Cezary Pączkowski
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Szakiel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
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Mooney E, Mitchell A, Den Uyl J, Mullins M, DiBiase C, Heschel MS. Host plant phenology shapes aphid abundance and interactions with ants. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mooney
- Univ. of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado SpringsParis CO USA
| | | | - James Den Uyl
- Univ. of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado SpringsParis CO USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
| | - Maria Mullins
- Univ. of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado SpringsParis CO USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
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