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Ross JE, Mohan S, Zhang J, Sullivan MJ, Bury L, Lee K, Futchi I, Frantz A, McDougal D, Perez Botero J, Cattaneo M, Cooper N, Downes K, Gresele P, Keenan C, Lee AI, Megy K, Morange PE, Morgan NV, Schulze H, Zimowski K, Freson K, Lambert MP. Evaluating the clinical validity of genes related to hemostasis and thrombosis using the Clinical Genome Resource gene curation framework. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:645-665. [PMID: 38016518 PMCID: PMC10922649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorders (BTPDs) are a heterogeneous set of diseases, many of which are very rare globally. Over the past 5 decades, the genetic basis of some of these disorders has been identified, and recently, high-throughput sequencing has become the primary means of identifying disease-causing genetic variants. OBJECTIVES Knowledge of the clinical validity of a gene-disease relationship is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis based on results of diagnostic gene panel tests and inform the construction of such panels. The Scientific and Standardization Committee for Genetics in Thrombosis and Hemostasis undertook a curation process for selecting 96 TIER1 genes for BTPDs. The purpose of the process was to evaluate the evidence supporting each gene-disease relationship and provide an expert-reviewed classification for the clinical validity of genes associated with BTPDs. METHODS The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Hemostasis/Thrombosis Gene Curation Expert Panel assessed the strength of evidence for TIER1 genes using the semiquantitative ClinGen gene-disease clinical validity framework. ClinGen Lumping and Splitting guidelines were used to determine the appropriate disease entity or entities for each gene, and 101 gene-disease relationships were identified for curation. RESULTS The final outcome included 68 Definitive (67%), 26 Moderate (26%), and 7 Limited (7%) classifications. The summary of each curation is available on the ClinGen website. CONCLUSION Expert-reviewed assignment of gene-disease relationships by the ClinGen Hemostasis/Thrombosis Gene Curation Expert Panel facilitates accurate molecular diagnoses of BTPDs by clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. These curation efforts can allow genetic testing to focus on genes with a validated role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyne E Ross
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mia J Sullivan
- Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Loredana Bury
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kristy Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Isabella Futchi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annabelle Frantz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dara McDougal
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juliana Perez Botero
- Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nichola Cooper
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Catriona Keenan
- Haemostasis Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Coagulation Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfred I Lee
- Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France; Hematology Laboratory, La Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Karen Zimowski
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Report of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome in Two Families with Novel Variants in HPS3 and HPS4 Genes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010145. [PMID: 36672886 PMCID: PMC9858993 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HSP) was first reported in 1959 as oculocutaneous albinism with bleeding abnormalities, and now consists of 11 distinct heterogenic genetic disorders that are caused by mutations in four protein complexes: AP-3, BLOC1, BLOC2, and BLOC3. Most of the patients show albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features may present depending on the nature of a defective protein complex. The subtypes 3 and 4 have been known for mutations in HSP3 and HSP4 genes, respectively. Methods: In this study, two Pakhtun consanguineous families, ALB-09 and ALB-10, were enrolled for clinical and molecular diagnoses. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the index patient in each family followed by Sanger sequencing of all available samples was performed using 3Billion. Inc South Korea rare disease diagnostics services. Results: The affected individuals of families ALB-09 and ALB-10 showed typical phenotypes of HPS such as oculocutaneous albinism, poor vision, nystagmus, nystagmus-induced involuntary head nodding, bleeding diathesis, and enterocolitis; however, immune system weakness was not recorded. WES analyses of one index patient revealed a novel nonsense variant (NM_032383.4: HSP3; c.2766T > G) in family ALB-09 and a five bp deletion (NM_001349900.2: HSP4; c.1180_1184delGTTCC) variant in family ALB-10. Sanger sequencing confirmed homozygous segregation of the disease alleles in all affected individuals of the respective family. Conclusions: The substitution c.2766T > G creates a premature protein termination at codon 922 in HPS3, replacing tyrosine amino acid with a stop codon (p.Tyr922Ter), while the deletion mutation c.1180_1184delGTTCC leads to a reading frameshift and a premature termination codon adding 23 abnormal amino acids to HSP4 protein (p:Val394Pro395fsTer23). To the best of our knowledge, the two novel variants identified in HPS3 and HPS4 genes causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome are the first report from the Pakhtun Pakistani population. Our work expands the pathogenic spectrum of HPS3 and HPS4 genes, provides successful molecular diagnostics, and helps the families in genetic counselling and reducing the disease burden in their future generations.
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A Novel Likely Pathogenic Variant in the BLOC1S5 Gene Associated with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type 11 and an Overview of Human BLOC-1 Deficiencies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102630. [PMID: 34685610 PMCID: PMC8533863 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a heterogeneous disorder combining oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and a platelet function disorder of varying severity as its most prominent features. The genes associated with HPS encode for different BLOC- (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex) complexes and for the AP-3 (adaptor protein-3) complex, respectively. These proteins are involved in maturation, trafficking, and the function of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) such as melanosomes and platelet δ-granules. Some patients with different types of HPS can develop additional complications and symptoms like pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and immunodeficiency. A new type of HPS has recently been identified associated with genetic alterations in the BLOC1S5 gene, which encodes the subunit Muted of the BLOC-1 complex. Our aim was to unravel the genetic defect in two siblings with a suspected HPS diagnosis (because of OCA and bleeding symptoms) using next generation sequencing (NGS). Platelet functional analysis revealed reduced platelet aggregation after stimulation with ADP and a severe secretion defect in platelet δ-granules. NGS identified a novel homozygous essential splice site variant in the BLOC1S5 gene present in both affected siblings who are descendants of a consanguine marriage. The patients exhibited no additional symptoms. Our study confirms that pathogenic variants of BLOC1S5 cause the recently described HPS type 11.
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Liu T, Yuan Y, Bai D, Yao X, Zhang T, Huang Q, Qi Z, Yang L, Yang X, Li W, Wei A. The first Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 9 patient with two novel variants in Chinese population. J Dermatol 2021; 48:676-680. [PMID: 33543539 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 9 (HPS-9) is a recessive disorder caused by BLOC1S6 gene. There are only four variants identified from four HPS-9 patients so far. Here, we reported the first HPS-9 patient in a Chinese population. He had brownish-yellow hair, white skin, brown irises with visual acuity, photophobia and nystagmus. Two novel variants, c.148G>T (p.Glu50*) and c.351dupT (p.Ile118Tyrfs*10) in BLOC1S6 gene were identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Absence of platelet dense granules was found by whole-mount platelet electron microscopy and Western blotting assays showed the destabilized BLOC-1 subunits. He had recurrent bruising and was found to have abnormal brain waves by electroencephalogram, but did not develop thrombopenia, immunodeficiency or other symptoms reported in other HPS-9 patients. This is the first case report of BLOC-1 mutation in a Chinese population and our findings expand the mutational spectrum of HPS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingfeng Yao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Xu C, Xiang Y, Li H, Xu Y, Mao Y, Zhou L, Xu X, Tang S. Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis of 20 Chinese families with oculocutaneous albinism. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23647. [PMID: 33124154 PMCID: PMC7891544 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by abnormal melanin synthesis in the hair, skin, and eyes. OCA exhibits obvious genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Molecular diagnosis of causal genes can be of help in the classification of OCA subtypes and the study of OCA pathogenesis. Methods In this study, Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing were used to genetically diagnose 20 nonconsanguineous Chinese OCA patients. In addition, prenatal diagnosis was provided to six OCA families. Results Variants of TYR, OCA2, and HPS1 were detected in 85%, 10%, and 5% of affected patients, respectively. A total of 21 distinct variants of these three genes were identified. Exons 1 and 2 were the hotspot regions of the TYR variants, and c.895C > A and c.896G > A were the hotspot variants. We also found seven novel variants: c.731G > A, c.741C > A, c.867C > A, and c.1037‐2A > T in TYR, c.695dupT and c.1054A > G in OCA2, and c.9C > A in HPS1. Genetic tests on six fetuses revealed three carrier fetuses, two normal fetuses, and one affected fetus. The follow‐up results after birth were consistent with the results of prenatal diagnosis (one fetus terminated during pregnancy was not followed up). Conclusions This study expands our understanding of the genotypic spectrum of the Chinese OCA population. The findings indicate that prenatal diagnosis can provide important information for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanbao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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6
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Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Lee FY, Larimore J, Faundez V, Dell'Angelica EC, Ghiani CA. Sex-dimorphic effects of biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 deficiency on mouse perinatal brain development. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:67-89. [PMID: 32436302 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The function(s) of the Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1) during brain development is to date largely unknown. Here, we investigated how its absence alters the trajectory of postnatal brain development using as model the pallid mouse. Most of the defects observed early postnatally in the mutant mice were more prominent in males than in females and in the hippocampus. Male mutant mice, but not females, had smaller brains as compared to sex-matching wild types at postnatal day 1 (P1), this deficit was largely recovered by P14 and P45. An abnormal cytoarchitecture of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus was observed in P1 pallid male, but not female, or juvenile mice (P45), along with severely decreased expression levels of the radial glial marker Glutamate-Aspartate Transporter. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the overall response to the lack of functional BLOC-1 was more pronounced in hippocampi at P1 than at P45 or in the cerebral cortex. These observations suggest that absence of BLOC-1 renders males more susceptible to perinatal brain maldevelopment and although most abnormalities appear to have been resolved in juvenile animals, still permanent defects may be present, resulting in faulty neuronal circuits, and contribute to previously reported cognitive and behavioral phenotypes in adult BLOC-1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Wang JA, Pri-Chen H, Hess RA, Fischer R, O'Brien KJ, Merideth MA, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Mutation update. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:543-580. [PMID: 31898847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of 10 autosomal recessive multisystem disorders, each defined by the deficiency of a specific gene. HPS-associated genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes: Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) through -3. All individuals with HPS exhibit albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features occur depending on the defective protein complex. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with AP-3 and BLOC-3 deficiency, immunodeficiency with AP-3 defects, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and severe in BLOC-3 deficiency. Therefore, identification of the HPS subtype is valuable for prognosis, clinical management, and treatment options. The prevalence of HPS is estimated at 1-9 per 1,000,000. Here we summarize 264 reported and novel variants in 10 HPS genes and estimate that ~333 Puerto Rican HPS subjects and ~385 with other ethnicities are reported to date. We provide pathogenicity predictions for missense and splice site variants and list variants with high minor allele frequencies. Current cellular and clinical aspects of HPS are also summarized. This review can serve as a manifest for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling aspects of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May C V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A Hess
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Doubková M, Trizuljak J, Vrzalová Z, Hrazdirová A, Blaháková I, Radová L, Pospíšilová Š, Doubek M. Novel genetic variant of HPS1 gene in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with fulminant progression of pulmonary fibrosis: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:178. [PMID: 31619213 PMCID: PMC6794755 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is associated with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, granulomatous colitis, and highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis in some subtypes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous pathological variants in HPS1, HPS3, HPS4, and several other genes lead to clinical manifestation of the disease. Case presentation A 57-year-old female was admitted with congenital oculocutaneous albinism, thrombocytopathy and late-onset accelerated pulmonary fibrosis (first symptoms from age 50 onwards). Chest high-resolution computed tomography identified thickening of peribronchovascular interstitium, bronchiectasis, reticulations, honeycombing, ground glass opacities and lung parenchyma consolidations. HPS was clinically suspected. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES), a form of massive parallel sequencing, of proband-parents trio. Whole exome libraries were processed using KAPA Hyper Prep Kit, SeqCap EZ MedExome Enrichment Kit and HyperCap Bead Kit according to the SeqCap EZ HyperCap Workflow. The paired-end 2 × 75 bp sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq 500 Sequencer (Illumina Inc., USA). Furthermore, obtained variants by WES were evaluated using a virtual panel of genes: HPS1, AP3B1, HPS3, HPS4, HPS5, HPS6, DTNBP1, BLOC1S3, and PLDN. We identified a compound heterozygous genotype in HPS1 gene in the proband. We identified a pathogenic frameshift variant c.1189delC; p.(Gln397Serfs*2), resulting in a premature stop codon. This variant has been previously associated with HPS. Furthermore, we characterized previously undescribed nonsense variant c.1507C > T; p.(Gln503*), resulting in a premature stop codon and mRNA degradation through nonsense-mediated decay. Sanger sequencing validated the presence of both variants and simultaneously confirmed the heterozygous carrier status of parents. Unfortunately, the patient died due to fulminant progression of pulmonary fibrosis 2 months after diagnostics. Conclusions Compound heterozygous mutations in HPS1 in the proband lead to disruption of HPS1 gene and clinical manifestation of HPS with severe pulmonary fibrosis. This case illustrates the need to consider HPS in differential diagnostics of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a common cause of death in HPS patients. Earlier diagnosis may enable better treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Doubková
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Trizuljak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vrzalová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hrazdirová
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Blaháková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Wu W, Lin K, Yang Y, Dong Z, Zhang T, Lei W, Yang W, Yang Z. A novel mutation causes Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 4 with pulmonary fibrosis in 2 siblings from China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16899. [PMID: 31415434 PMCID: PMC6831253 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and bleeding diathesis, although it displays both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Several genetic subtypes of HPS have been identified in human; however, the characterizations of HPS type 4 (HPS-4) genotype and phenotype remain unclear. This study was aimed to identify gene mutation responsible for HPS-4 with pulmonary fibrosis (PF).Two Chinese siblings in their 50 s afflicted with OCA and progressive dyspnea were recruited and underwent clinical and genetic examinations. In both patients, chest high-resolution computerized tomography showed severe interstitial PF in bilateral lung fields, and the pulmonary function test indicated restrictive lung disease. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation (NM_022081: c.630dupC; p.A211fs) in the HPS4 gene was identified by whole-exome sequencing analysis followed by Sanger DNA sequencing, and it segregated with the phenotypes. The c.630dupC mutation was not found in unaffected healthy controls. The patients were considered as HPS-4 with interstitial PF and eventually died of respiratory failure.This is the first report on the genotype and clinical phenotype of HPS-4 in China. Our results demonstrate the association between a novel frameshift mutation in HPS4 and severe PF with poor prognosis in HPS is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University
- The second affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, China
| | - Keqin Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yanni Yang
- The second affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, China
| | - ZhaoXing Dong
- The second affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The second affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Lei
- The second affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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Okamura K, Abe Y, Araki Y, Wakamatsu K, Seishima M, Umetsu T, Kato A, Kawaguchi M, Hayashi M, Hozumi Y, Suzuki T. Characterization of melanosomes and melanin in Japanese patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome types 1, 4, 6, and 9. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:267-276. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Yuko Abe
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Yuta Araki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Health Sciences; Fujita Health University; Toyoake Japan
| | - Mariko Seishima
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Takafumi Umetsu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine; Mibu Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Hematology; Tokyo Kyosai Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masakazu Kawaguchi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Yutaka Hozumi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
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12
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis due to platelet dysfunction. More than 50% of cases worldwide are diagnosed on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Genetic testing plays a growing role in diagnosis; however, not all patients with HPS have identified genetic mutations. In Puerto Rico, patients with HPS are often identified shortly after birth by their albinism, although the degree of hypopigmentation is highly variable. Ten subtypes have been described. Patients with HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4 tend to develop pulmonary fibrosis in Puerto Rico; 100% of patients with HPS-1 develop HPS-PF. HPS-PF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are considered similar entities (albeit with distinct causes) because both can show similar histological disease patterns. However, in contrast to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HPS-PF manifests much earlier, often at 30-40 years of age. The progression of HPS-PF is characterized by the development of dyspnea and increasingly debilitating hypoxemia. No therapeutic interventions are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HPS and HPS-PF. However, the approval of two new antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, has prompted new interest in identifying drugs capable of reversing or halting the progression of HPS-PF. Thus, lung transplantation remains the only potentially life-prolonging treatment. At present, two clinical trials are recruiting patients with HPS-PF to identify biomarkers for disease progression. Advances in the diagnosis and management of these patients will require the establishment of multidisciplinary centers of excellence staffed by experts in this disease.
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Bryan MM, Tolman NJ, Simon KL, Huizing M, Hufnagel RB, Brooks BP, Speransky V, Mullikin JC, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV, Gochuico BR. Clinical and molecular phenotyping of a child with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-7, an uncommon genetic type of HPS. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:378-383. [PMID: 28259707 PMCID: PMC5395203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare inherited disorder with ten reported genetic types; each type has defects in subunits of either Adaptor Protein-3 complex or Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex (BLOC)-1, -2, or -3. Very few patients with BLOC-1 deficiency (HPS-7, -8, and -9 types) have been diagnosed. We report results of comprehensive clinical testing and molecular analyses of primary fibroblasts from a new case of HPS-7. RESULTS A 6-year old Paraguayan male presented with hypopigmentation, ocular albinism, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, and easy bruising. He also experienced delayed motor and language development as a very young child; head and chest trauma resulted in intracranial hemorrhage with subsequent right hemiparesis and lung scarring. There was no clinical evidence of immunodeficiency or colitis. Whole mount transmission electron microscopy revealed absent platelet delta granules; platelet aggregation testing was abnormal. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in the Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene [NM_032122.4: c.307C>T; p.Gln103*], previously reported in a Portuguese adult. The gene encodes the dysbindin subunit of BLOC-1. Dysbindin protein expression was negligible in our patient's dermal fibroblasts, while his DTNBP1 mRNA level was similar to that of a normal control. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive clinical evaluation of the first pediatric case reported with HPS-7 reveals oculocutaneous albinism and platelet storage pool deficiency; his phenotype is consistent with findings in other patients with BLOC-1 disorders. This patient's markedly reduced Dysbindin protein expression in HPS-7 resulted from a mechanism other than nonsense mediated decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Bryan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathanial J Tolman
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen L Simon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladislav Speransky
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Shahzad M, Yousaf S, Waryah YM, Gul H, Kausar T, Tariq N, Mahmood U, Ali M, Khan MA, Waryah AM, Shaikh RS, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. Molecular outcomes, clinical consequences, and genetic diagnosis of Oculocutaneous Albinism in Pakistani population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44185. [PMID: 28266639 PMCID: PMC5339803 DOI: 10.1038/srep44185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic oculocutaneous Albinism (nsOCA) is clinically characterized by the loss of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and iris. OCA is amongst the most common causes of vision impairment in children. To date, pathogenic variants in six genes have been identified in individuals with nsOCA. Here, we determined the identities, frequencies, and clinical consequences of OCA alleles in 94 previously unreported Pakistani families. Combination of Sanger and Exome sequencing revealed 38 alleles, including 22 novel variants, segregating with nsOCA phenotype in 80 families. Variants of TYR and OCA2 genes were the most common cause of nsOCA, occurring in 43 and 30 families, respectively. Twenty-two novel variants include nine missense, four splice site, two non-sense, one insertion and six gross deletions. In vitro studies revealed retention of OCA proteins harboring novel missense alleles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of transfected cells. Exon-trapping assays with constructs containing splice site alleles revealed errors in splicing. As eight alleles account for approximately 56% (95% CI: 46.52–65.24%) of nsOCA cases, primarily enrolled from Punjab province of Pakistan, hierarchical strategies for variant detection would be feasible and cost-efficient genetic tests for OCA in families with similar origin. Thus, we developed Tetra-primer ARMS assays for rapid, reliable, reproducible and economical screening of most of these common alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shahzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sairah Yousaf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Molecular Biology &Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yar M Waryah
- Molecular Biology &Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical &Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Gul
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Kausar
- Institute of Molecular Biology &Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nabeela Tariq
- Institute of Molecular Biology &Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Umair Mahmood
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil A Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ali M Waryah
- Molecular Biology &Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical &Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Rehan S Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology &Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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