1
|
Bryant D, Barberan-Martin S, Maeshima R, Del Valle Torres I, Rabii M, Baird W, Sauvadet A, Demetriou C, Jones P, Knöpfel N, Michailidis F, Riachi M, Bennett DC, Zecchin D, Pittman A, Polubothu S, Hart S, Kinsler VA. RNA Therapy for Oncogenic NRAS-Driven Nevi Induces Apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00449-4. [PMID: 38897541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
RAS proteins regulate cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis through multiple downstream effector pathways. Oncogenic RAS variants are the commonest drivers in cancers; however, they also drive many benign lesions predisposing to malignancy, such as melanocytic nevi, thyroid nodules, and colonic polyps. Reversal of these benign lesions could reduce cancer incidence; however, the effects of oncogenic RAS have been notoriously difficult to target with downstream pathway inhibitors. In this study, we show effective suppression of oncogenic and currently undruggable NRASQ61K in primary cells from melanocytic nevi using small interfering RNA targeted to the recurrent causal variant. This results in striking reduction in expression of ARL6IP1, a known inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis not previously linked to NRAS. We go on to show that a single dose of small interfering RNA in primary cells triggers an apoptotic cascade, in contrast to treatment with a MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor. Protective packaging of the targeted small interfering RNA into lipid nanoparticles permits successful delivery into a humanized mouse model of melanocytic nevi and results in variant NRAS knockdown in vivo. These data show that RAS-induced protection from apoptosis is involved in persistence of NRAS-driven melanocytic nevi and anticipate that targeted small interfering RNA could form the basis of clinical trials for RAS-driven benign tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale Bryant
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Barberan-Martin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhina Maeshima
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Del Valle Torres
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Rabii
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Baird
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aimie Sauvadet
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Jones
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Knöpfel
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fanourios Michailidis
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Riachi
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davide Zecchin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Pittman
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hart
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin SB, Polubothu S, Bruzos AL, Kelly G, Horswell S, Sauvadet A, Bryant D, Zecchin D, Riachi M, Michailidis F, Sadri A, Muwanga-Nanyonjo N, Lopez-Balboa P, Knöpfel N, Bulstrode N, Pittman A, Yeh I, Kinsler VA. Mosaic BRAF Fusions Are a Recurrent Cause of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Targetable by MAPK Pathway Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:593-600.e7. [PMID: 37716647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Among children with multiple congenital melanocytic nevi, 25% have no established genetic cause, of whom many develop a hyperproliferative and severely pruritic phenotype resistant to treatment. Gene fusions have been reported in individual cases of congenital melanocytic nevi. We studied 169 patients with congenital melanocytic nevi in this study, 38 of whom were double wild type for pathogenic NRAS/BRAF variants. Nineteen of these 38 patients had sufficient tissue to undergo RNA sequencing, which revealed mosaic BRAF fusions in 11 of 19 patients and mosaic RAF1 fusions in 1 of 19. Recurrently, fusions involved the loss of the 5´ regulatory domain of BRAF or RAF1 but preserved the kinase domain. We validated all cases and detected the fusions in two separate nevi in 5 of 12 patients, confirming clonality. The absence of the fusion in blood in 8 of 12 patients indicated mosaicism. Primary culture of BRAF-fusion nevus cells from 3 of 12 patients demonstrated highly increased MAPK activation, despite only mildly increased BRAF expression, suggesting additional mechanisms of kinase activation. Trametinib quenched MAPK hyperactivation in vitro, and treatment of two patients caused rapid improvement in bulk tissue, improving bodily movement and reducing inflammation and severe pruritus. These findings offer a genetic diagnosis to an additional group of patients and trametinib as a treatment option for the severe associated phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barberan Martin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Lopez Bruzos
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Open Targets, Welcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aimie Sauvadet
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dale Bryant
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Zecchin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Riachi
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fanourios Michailidis
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Sadri
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noreen Muwanga-Nanyonjo
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Lopez-Balboa
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Knöpfel
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Bulstrode
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre (A.P.), St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Osmond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamaguchi M, Ohara Y, Nakajima M, Wakasa T, Oiso N. Nevus anemicus with immature melanogenesis and droplets of melanocytes in a patient with nevus anemicus, nevus flammeus, and mixed vascular nevus. J Dermatol 2023; 50:e280-e281. [PMID: 36938647 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yushiro Ohara
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Maki Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wakasa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Naoki Oiso
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polubothu S, Bender N, Muthiah S, Zecchin D, Demetriou C, Martin SB, Malhotra S, Travnickova J, Zeng Z, Böhm M, Barbarot S, Cottrell C, Davies O, Baselga E, Burrows NP, Carmignac V, Diaz JS, Fink C, Haenssle HA, Happle R, Harland M, Majerowski J, Vabres P, Vincent M, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Siegel D, Patton EE, Topf M, Rajan N, Drolet B, Kinsler VA. PTPN11 Mosaicism Causes a Spectrum of Pigmentary and Vascular Neurocutaneous Disorders and Predisposes to Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1042-1051.e3. [PMID: 36566878 PMCID: PMC10602917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis is a diagnosis that denotes the coexistence of pigmentary and vascular birthmarks of specific types, accompanied by variable multisystem involvement, including CNS disease, asymmetrical growth, and a predisposition to malignancy. Using a tight phenotypic group and high-depth next-generation sequencing of affected tissues, we discover here clonal mosaic variants in gene PTPN11 encoding SHP2 phosphatase as a cause of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type III or spilorosea. Within an individual, the same variant is found in distinct pigmentary and vascular birthmarks and is undetectable in blood. We go on to show that the same variants can cause either the pigmentary or vascular phenotypes alone, and drive melanoma development within pigmentary lesions. Protein structure modeling highlights that although variants lead to loss of function at the level of the phosphatase domain, resultant conformational changes promote longer ligand binding. In vitro modeling of the missense variants confirms downstream MAPK pathway overactivation and widespread disruption of human endothelial cell angiogenesis. Importantly, patients with PTPN11 mosaicism theoretically risk passing on the variant to their children as the germline RASopathy Noonan syndrome with lentigines. These findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and biology of nevus spilus and capillary malformation syndromes, paving the way for better clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Bender
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Siobhan Muthiah
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Zecchin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Barberan Martin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sony Malhotra
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastien Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Cottrell
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Childrens' Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Olivia Davies
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, SJD Barcelona Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nigel P Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Joey Santiago Diaz
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Philippines; Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jacquelyn Majerowski
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pierre Vabres
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julia A Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - D Tim Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Topf
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Virologie (LIV) and Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neil Rajan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Stasi M, Mankad K, Carney O, Loebel U, Biswas A, Sudhakar S, Kinsler V, D'Arco F. Congenital melanocytic naevus syndrome and Dandy-Walker malformation - a mistaken association: case report and literature review. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1077-1086. [PMID: 37093228 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic naevus (CMN) syndrome, previously termed neurocutaneous melanosis, is a rare disease caused by postzygotic mosaic mutations occurring during embryogenesis in precursors of melanocytes. The severity of neurological manifestations in CMN patients is related to central nervous system abnormalities found at magnetic resonance imaging. The association between CMN and Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) has been described in the literature, but recent advances in imaging and genetics lead to diagnostic criteria revision. In this paper, we aim to re-evaluate the proposed association by reviewing the available literature and present a patient with CMN and a large posterior fossa cyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Stasi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department, AOU San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Olivia Carney
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Loebel
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Asthik Biswas
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sniya Sudhakar
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Veronica Kinsler
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polubothu S, Zecchin D, Al-Olabi L, Lionarons DA, Harland M, Horswell S, Thomas AC, Hunt L, Wlodarchak N, Aguilera P, Brand S, Bryant D, Carrera C, Chen H, Elgar G, Harwood CA, Howell M, Larue L, Loughlin S, MacDonald J, Malvehy J, Barberan SM, da Silva VM, Molina M, Morrogh D, Moulding D, Nsengimana J, Pittman A, Puig-Butillé JA, Parmar K, Sebire NJ, Scherer S, Stadnik P, Stanier P, Tell G, Waelchli R, Zarrei M, Puig S, Bataille V, Xing Y, Healy E, Moore GE, Di WL, Newton-Bishop J, Downward J, Kinsler VA. Inherited duplications of PPP2R3B predispose to nevi and melanoma via a C21orf91-driven proliferative phenotype. Genet Med 2021; 23:1636-1647. [PMID: 34145395 PMCID: PMC8460442 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Much of the heredity of melanoma remains unexplained. We sought predisposing germline copy-number variants using a rare disease approach. METHODS Whole-genome copy-number findings in patients with melanoma predisposition syndrome congenital melanocytic nevus were extrapolated to a sporadic melanoma cohort. Functional effects of duplications in PPP2R3B were investigated using immunohistochemistry, transcriptomics, and stable inducible cellular models, themselves characterized using RNAseq, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse phase protein arrays, immunoblotting, RNA interference, immunocytochemistry, proliferation, and migration assays. RESULTS We identify here a previously unreported genetic susceptibility to melanoma and melanocytic nevi, familial duplications of gene PPP2R3B. This encodes PR70, a regulatory unit of critical phosphatase PP2A. Duplications increase expression of PR70 in human nevus, and increased expression in melanoma tissue correlates with survival via a nonimmunological mechanism. PPP2R3B overexpression induces pigment cell switching toward proliferation and away from migration. Importantly, this is independent of the known microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-controlled switch, instead driven by C21orf91. Finally, C21orf91 is demonstrated to be downstream of MITF as well as PR70. CONCLUSION This work confirms the power of a rare disease approach, identifying a previously unreported copy-number change predisposing to melanocytic neoplasia, and discovers C21orf91 as a potentially targetable hub in the control of phenotype switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Davide Zecchin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lara Al-Olabi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lilian Hunt
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nathan Wlodarchak
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Brand
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dale Bryant
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hui Chen
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg Elgar
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizzard Institute, Barts, London, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lionel Larue
- Centre de Recherche, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Sam Loughlin
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeff MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martin Barberan
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Martins da Silva
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Molina
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah Morrogh
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Bioinformatics, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Joan-Anton Puig-Butillé
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kiran Parmar
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing Block D, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Stephen Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulina Stadnik
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Gemma Tell
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Regula Waelchli
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susana Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yongna Xing
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugene Healy
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Wei-Li Di
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Immunobiology Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hoeger PH. Genes and phenotypes in vascular malformations. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:495-502. [PMID: 33368487 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular malformations (VMs) are caused by localized defects of vascular development. Most VMs are due to sporadic, postzygotic mutations, while some are the result of autosomal dominant germline mutations. Genotype-phenotype correlation is influenced by many factors. Individual genes can induce different phenotypes (pleiotropy), and similar phenotypes can be due to different genes/mutations (redundancy). The phenotypic spectrum of somatic mutations is wide, and depends on variant allele frequency, timing during embryogenesis, cell type(s) involved and type of mutation. The phenotype of germline mutations is determined by penetrance and expressivity, and is influenced by epigenetic factors (DNA methylation, histone modification) or 'second-hit' somatic mutations. Except for disorders with pathognomonic phenotypes such as Proteus syndrome or a characteristic constellation of symptoms such as CLOVES [congenital lipomatous (fatty) overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi and scoliosis/skeletal/spinal anomalies] or PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum syndrome, differential diagnosis of VM is therefore difficult. It will be greatly facilitated with increasing analytic sensitivity of sequencing techniques such as next-generation sequencing. High-sensitivity molecular techniques are a prerequisite for targeted pharmacotherapy, i.e. selective therapeutic inhibition of activating mutations underlying VM, which has shown promising results in preliminary studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Hoeger
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zou Y, Sun Y, Zeng X, Liu Y, Cen Q, Gu H, Lin X, Cai R, Chen H. Novel genetic alteration in congenital melanocytic nevus: MAP2K1 germline mutation with BRAF somatic mutation. Hereditas 2020; 157:35. [PMID: 32847629 PMCID: PMC7449081 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) represent a benign proliferative skin disease in the epidermis and dermis. CMN are historically known to be associated with activating NRAS or BRAF mutations. Melanoma frequently harbors the BRAF p.Val600Glu mutation, which is also commonly found in benign nevi. A recent study reported mutation of MAP2K1, a downstream effector of the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway, in melanoma with an overall frequency of 8%. Later, in 2019, Jansen P detected one activating MAP2K1 mutation in acral nevi. However, it is unknown whether MAP2K1 mutations are common in CMN, and how MAP2K1 contributes to the pathogenesis of CMN remains to be determined.In this study, we report one patient clinically and histologically diagnosed with CMN, with the MAP2K1 germline mutation and a BRAF p.Val600Glu somatic hit in the lesion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the coexistence of mutated BRAF and MAP2K1 in CMN, which may suggest that MAP2K1 mutations contribute to the occurrence and development of nevus expanding our knowledge of the genetics of CMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zeng
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qingqing Cen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ren Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. .,Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McGrath LA, Palmer JM, Stark A, Glasson W, Warrier SK, Whitehead K, Hamilton H, Brooks K, Johansson PA, Hayward NK. Genomic analysis of adult case of ocular surface giant congenital melanocytic nevus and associated clinicopathological findings. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:616-620. [PMID: 32814477 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1810281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conjunctival nevi are the most common tumor of the ocular surface. There are some rare reports of so-called 'giant' conjunctival nevi. We report a case of a 47-year-old female with a cutaneous and ocular surface giant congenital melanocytic nevus and describe her clinical course. CASE DESCRIPTION This is a retrospective case report of a single patient. A 47-year-old female with a history of biopsy-proven periorbital congenital melanocytic nevus, with an associated giant conjunctival nevus presented for structural and functional rehabilitation. Serial surgeries were performed and excised tissue was sent for histopathological and genetic examination. The conjunctival nevus had a low tumor mutation burden, and of the 647 somatic mutations, only one occurred within a protein coding region, namely NRAS p.Gln61Arg. CONCLUSION This is the first reported adult case including genomic analysis of an ocular surface giant congenital melanocytic nevus. The case shows a possible association between periorbital congenital melanocytic nevi and giant conjunctival nevi, and underscores the possible role that targeted drug therapies may have in malignant transformation of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A McGrath
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, Terrace Eye Centre , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, Terrace Eye Centre , Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Oncogenomics , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Stark
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, Terrace Eye Centre , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William Glasson
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, Terrace Eye Centre , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil K Warrier
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, Terrace Eye Centre , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin Whitehead
- Department of Histopathology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hayley Hamilton
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, Terrace Eye Centre , Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Oncogenomics , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kelly Brooks
- Department of Oncogenomics , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- Department of Oncogenomics , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- Department of Oncogenomics , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Polubothu S, McGuire N, Al-Olabi L, Baird W, Bulstrode N, Chalker J, Josifova D, Lomas D, O'Hara J, Ong J, Rampling D, Stadnik P, Thomas A, Wedgeworth E, Sebire NJ, Kinsler VA. Does the gene matter? Genotype-phenotype and genotype-outcome associations in congenital melanocytic naevi. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:434-443. [PMID: 31111470 PMCID: PMC7028140 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Genotype–phenotype studies can identify subgroups of patients with specific clinical features or differing outcomes, which can help shape management. Objectives To characterize the frequency of different causative genotypes in congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN), and to investigate genotype–phenotype and genotype–outcome associations. Methods We conducted a large cohort study in which we undertook MC1R genotyping from blood, and high‐sensitivity genotyping of NRAS and BRAF hotspots in 156 naevus biopsies from 134 patients with CMN [male 40%; multiple CMN 76%; projected adult size (PAS) > 20 cm, 59%]. Results Mosaic NRAS mutations were detected in 68%, mutually exclusive with BRAF mutations in 7%, with double wild‐type in 25%. Two separate naevi were sequenced in five of seven patients with BRAF mutations, confirming clonality. Five of seven patients with BRAF mutations had a dramatic multinodular phenotype, with characteristic histology distinct from classical proliferative nodules. NRAS mutation was the commonest in all sizes of CMN, but was particularly common in naevi with PAS > 60 cm, implying more tolerance to that mutation early in embryogenesis. Facial features were less common in double wild‐type patients. Importantly, the incidence of congenital neurological disease, and apparently of melanoma, was not altered by genotype; no cases of melanoma were seen in BRAF‐mutant multiple CMN, however, this genotype is rare. Conclusions CMN of all sizes are most commonly caused by mutations in NRAS. BRAF is confirmed as a much rarer cause of multiple CMN, and appears to be commonly associated with a multinodular phenotype. Genotype in this cohort was not associated with differences in incidence of neurological disease in childhood. However, genotyping should be undertaken in suspected melanoma, for guidance of treatment. What's already known about this topic? Multiple congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) have been shown to be caused by NRAS mosaic mutations in 70–80% of cases, by BRAF mosaicism in one case report and by inference in some previous cases. There has been debate about genotypic association with different sizes of CMN, and no data on genotype–outcome.
What does this study add? NRAS mosaicism was found in 68%, BRAF in 7% and double wild‐type in 25% of cases of CMN. NRAS was the commonest mutation in all sizes of CMN, but was nearly universal in projected adult size > 60 cm. BRAF is often associated with a distinct multinodular clinical/histological phenotype. Adverse outcomes did not differ between genotypes on current numbers.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18747 available online
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Polubothu
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K.,Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - N McGuire
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | - L Al-Olabi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | - W Baird
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | - N Bulstrode
- Paediatric Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - J Chalker
- Paediatric Malignancy Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - D Josifova
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, U.K
| | - D Lomas
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - J O'Hara
- Paediatric Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - J Ong
- Paediatric Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - D Rampling
- Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - P Stadnik
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | - A Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | - E Wedgeworth
- Department of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, U.K
| | - N J Sebire
- Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - V A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, U.K.,Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kinsler VA, Boccara O, Fraitag S, Torrelo A, Vabres P, Diociaiuti A. Mosaic abnormalities of the skin: review and guidelines from the European Reference Network for rare skin diseases. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:552-563. [PMID: 30920652 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous mosaicism is an area of dermatology in which there has been an explosion of knowledge within the current decade. This has led to fundamental changes in the understanding of the conditions in this field, and to an ongoing paradigm shift in the approach to management of mosaic skin disorders. OBJECTIVES To lay out the general principles of mosaicism as they are currently understood, summarize the known cutaneous mosaic abnormalities of the skin with associated phenotypic and genotypic information, review the latest trials on targeted therapies and propose guidelines for the general approach to a patient with suspected mosaicism. METHODS This was a consensus expert review as part of the European Reference Network project (ERN-Skin). CONCLUSIONS This study provides clinicians with a practical approach to the patient with suspected mosaicism, redefines mosaicism for the modern genetic era, and proposes a new classification system based on genetic mechanism. What's already known about this topic? Cutaneous mosaicism is a complex field of dermatology that encompasses most birthmarks, and many rare syndromes. Some cutaneous patterns are known to be seen in mosaicism. Very few treatment options are available for most mosaic abnormalities of the skin. Recent high-sensitivity genetic techniques have led to an explosion of knowledge about genotype and phenotype in the literature. What does this study add? Expert consensus from the European Reference Network project. Review of knowledge of confirmed mosaic abnormalities of the skin, including cutaneous phenotype, extracutaneous associated features and genotype. Proposed new classification of mosaic abnormalities of the skin by genetic mechanism and therefore inheritance potential. Practical tips on correct sample collection and genetic investigation. Review of trials of targeted therapies. Guidelines for a practical clinical approach to the patient with suspected mosaicism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Kinsler
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, U.K.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | - O Boccara
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Centre for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - S Fraitag
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - A Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Vabres
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,GAD, Genetics of Anomalies of Development, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - A Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baltres A, Salhi A, Houlier A, Pissaloux D, Tirode F, Haddad V, Karanian M, Ysmail‐Dahlouk S, Boukendakdji F, Dahlouk D, Allaoua F, Metref M, Djeridane A, Fraitag S, de la Fouchardière A. Malignant melanoma with areas of rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation arising in a giant congenital nevus with RAF1 gene fusion. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:708-713. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Baltres
- Department of Biopathology Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
| | - Aicha Salhi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Clinic Les Orangers University of Alger Medical School Algiers Algeria
| | - Aurelie Houlier
- Department of Biopathology Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
- CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
- CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Franck Tirode
- CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | | | - Marie Karanian
- Department of Biopathology Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
- CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | | | | | - Djazia Dahlouk
- Pediatric Department Central Hospital of Army Algiers Algeria
| | - Fateh Allaoua
- Department of Plastic Surgery Central Hospital of Army Algiers Algeria
| | - Marzak Metref
- Department of Plastic Surgery Central Hospital of Army Algiers Algeria
| | - Assya Djeridane
- Department of Dermatology Central Hospital of Army Algiers Algeria
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Department of Pathology, APHP Hôpital Necker‐Enfants Malades Paris France
| | - Arnaud de la Fouchardière
- Department of Biopathology Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
- CNRS 5286, INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Etchevers HC, Dupin E, Le Douarin NM. The diverse neural crest: from embryology to human pathology. Development 2019; 146:146/5/dev169821. [PMID: 30858200 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We review here some of the historical highlights in exploratory studies of the vertebrate embryonic structure known as the neural crest. The study of the molecular properties of the cells that it produces, their migratory capacities and plasticity, and the still-growing list of tissues that depend on their presence for form and function, continue to enrich our understanding of congenital malformations, paediatric cancers and evolutionary biology. Developmental biology has been key to our understanding of the neural crest, starting with the early days of experimental embryology and through to today, when increasingly powerful technologies contribute to further insight into this fascinating vertebrate cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Dupin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicole M Le Douarin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hong SN, Huu ND, Duy NN, Trong TT, Bac HN, Van TN, Thiet ST, Gandolfi M, Feliciani C, Satolli F, Tirant M, Vojvodic A, Lotti T. Serial Excision for the Treatment of Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus: The Vietnamese Way. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:231-233. [PMID: 30745967 PMCID: PMC6364729 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of plastic surgery in the treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN). METHODS We enrolled 20 patients with 44 lesions and performed one of the following procedures: serial excision, skin grafting, tissue expansion, primary skin closure, distant flap, and adjacent flap. We assessed the outcome at 10 days and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS Of 44 surgical sites, the most commonly used reconstruction surgeries were serial excision (16), skin grafting (16), and tissue expansion (6). Other types were rarely used. All patients with serial excision had good outcome. A total of 81% and 19% of the patients with skin grafting had good and fair outcome, respectively. Around 83% and 17% of the patients with tissue expansion had good and fair outcome. No cases had bad outcome. CONCLUSION In conclusion plastic surgery is effective in the treatment of GCMN. There are different techniques but serial excision, skin grafts, and tissue expansion are most commonly used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Son Nguyen Hong
- National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nghi Dinh Huu
- National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tuy Than Trong
- National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thuong Nguyen Van
- National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Tirant
- University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.,Psoriasis Eczema Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Military Medical Academy of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ulrich M, Tinschert S, Siebert E, Franke I, Tüting T, Ulrich J, Schanze D, Wieland I, Zenker M. Detection of a multilineage mosaic NRAS mutation c.181C>A (p.Gln61Lys) in an individual with a complex congenital nevus syndrome. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:470-473. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ulrich
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany
- Division of Human Genetics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Ingolf Franke
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jens Ulrich
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Harzklinikum Dorothea Christiane Erxleben Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Ilse Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bustelo XR, Crespo P, Fernández-Pisonero I, Rodríguez-Fdez S. RAS GTPase-dependent pathways in developmental diseases: old guys, new lads, and current challenges. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 55:42-51. [PMID: 30007125 PMCID: PMC7615762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated RAS signaling is associated with increasing numbers of congenital diseases usually referred to as RASopathies. The spectrum of genes and mutant alleles causing these diseases has been significantly expanded in recent years. This progress has triggered new challenges, including the origin and subsequent selection of the mutations driving these diseases, the specific pathobiological programs triggered by those mutations, the type of correlations that exist between the genotype and the clinical features of patients, and the ancillary genetic factors that influence the severity of the disease in patients. These issues also directly impinge on the feasibility of using RAS pathway drugs to treat RASopathy patients. Here, we will review the main developments and pending challenges in this research topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Piero Crespo
- CIBERONC, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|