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Lavelle TJ, Alver TN, Heintz KM, Wernhoff P, Nygaard V, Nakken S, Øy GF, Bøe SL, Urbanucci A, Hovig E. Dysregulation of MITF Leads to Transformation in MC1R-Defective Melanocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071719. [PMID: 32605315 PMCID: PMC7408466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MC1R/cAMP/MITF pathway is a key determinant for growth, differentiation, and survival of melanocytes and melanoma. MITF-M is the melanocyte-specific isoform of Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) in human melanoma. Here we use two melanocyte cell lines to show that forced expression of hemagglutinin (HA) -tagged MITF-M through lentiviral transduction represents an oncogenic insult leading to consistent cell transformation of the immortalized melanocyte cell line Hermes 4C, being a melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) compound heterozygote, while not causing transformation of the MC1R wild type cell line Hermes 3C. The transformed HA-tagged MITF-M transduced Hermes 4C cells form colonies in soft agar and tumors in mice. Further, Hermes 4C cells display increased MITF chromatin binding, and transcriptional reprogramming consistent with an invasive melanoma phenotype. Mechanistically, forced expression of MITF-M drives the upregulation of the AXL tyrosine receptor kinase (AXL), with concomitant downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), leading to increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Treatment with AXL inhibitors reduces growth of the transformed cells by reverting AKT activation. In conclusion, we present a model system of melanoma development, driven by MITF-M in the context of MC1R loss of function, and independent of UV exposure. This model provides a basis for further studies of critical changes in the melanocyte transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Lavelle
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
| | - Tine Norman Alver
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
| | - Karen-Marie Heintz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
| | - Vegard Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
| | - Sigve Nakken
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Frode Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
| | - Sigurd Leinæs Bøe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
- Correspondence: (A.U.); (E.H.)
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (T.J.L.); (T.N.A.); (K.-M.H.); (P.W.); (V.N.); (S.N.); (G.F.Ø.)
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (A.U.); (E.H.)
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Leachman SA, Hornyak TJ, Barsh G, Bastian BC, Brash DE, Cleaver JE, Cooper CD, D'Orazio JA, Fujita M, Holmen SL, Indra AK, Kraemer KH, Le Poole IC, Lo RS, Lund AW, Manga P, Pavan WJ, Setaluri V, Stemwedel CE, Kulesz-Martin MF. Melanoma to Vitiligo: The Melanocyte in Biology & Medicine-Joint Montagna Symposium on the Biology of Skin/PanAmerican Society for Pigment Cell Research Annual Meeting. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:269-274. [PMID: 31348921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thomas J Hornyak
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland; Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Greg Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas E Brash
- Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Dermatology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James E Cleaver
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cynthia D Cooper
- School of Molecular Biosciences and College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington
| | - John A D'Orazio
- The Markey Cancer Center and the Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Departments of Oncological Sciences and Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Linus Pauling Institute, and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roger S Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Prashiela Manga
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Clara E Stemwedel
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Molly F Kulesz-Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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