Congenital tufted angioma: A multicenter retrospective study of 30 cases

Benign and low-grade superficial endothelial cell neoplasms in the molecular era

Vascular tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis, and they encompass a heterogeneous group with diverse clinical, histological, and molecular features, as well as biological behavior. Over the past two decades, molecular studies have enabled the identification of pathogenic recurrent genetic alterations that can be used as additional data points to support the correct classification of these lesions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data related to superficially located benign and low-grade vascular neoplasms and to highlight recent molecular advances with the role of surrogate immunohistochemistry to target pathogenic proteins as diagnostic biomarkers.

Tufted Angioma of the Index Finger Middle Phalanx

A tufted angioma is a benign vascular tumor of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that classically presents as a violaceous nodule on the trunk or extremities in early childhood. Tufted angiomas of the finger are uncommon, and intraosseous involvement of these tumors is exceedingly rare. When present in the bone, these lesions may be difficult to distinguish from the more common pediatric condition of osteomyelitis or osteoid osteoma. We present the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings for a unique case of a tufted angioma with intraosseous involvement in the middle phalanx treated by surgical excision and curettage with preservation of function.

[The most common benign cutaneous neoplasms of vascular, muscular, and adipose tissue and their treatment]

Benign cutaneous vascular and cutaneous neoplasms arising from muscle or adipose tissue are rare. Their definition and classification are still controversially discussed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, together with the new genetic tests, contribute significantly to the correct description of the various benign neoplasms of cutaneous origin. Clarifying whether a lesion is benign is fundamental for prognosis and therapeutic management. In most cases, surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Dermatologists should be familiar with the classifications of the most common benign cutaneous neoplasms of vascular, muscular, and adipose tissue and be able to recommend the procedures currently used for an accurate diagnosis. Ensuring that a lesion is benign and a good surgical outcome are essential for the patient.

Molecular Diagnostics of Vascular Tumors of the Skin

In this article, the authors have reviewed all the recent news regarding how the discovery of some novel and recurrent molecular and genetic changes has modified the classification of some entities and have addressed to the description of new variants of vascular tumors. And even more important, the authors also reviewed on how these findings, in addition to gain insight into the tumoral biology, portend significant clinical consequences not only regarding to their diagnosis but also to their management and prognosis because some of these mutations are potential targets for treatment. The authors have also highlighted immunohistochemical markers can help us as a surrogate marker of those molecular alterations.

Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck: A Pediatric Overview

Vascular anomalies, further classified into vascular tumors and malformations, often involve the head and neck region of children. These entities may raise diagnostic dilemmas, as they often demonstrate heterogenous and overlapping histologic features. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the common vascular anomalies in the head and neck region of children. Specific entities discussed include infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and various vascular malformations. Clinicopathologic features and associated molecular associations are reviewed.

Brief Description of ISSVA Classification for Radiologists

Ongoing discovery regarding the origin and treatment of vascular anomalies requires standardized nomenclature which itself must undergo iterative updating. This article introduces the 2018 International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification, emphasizing the biologic basis of vascular anomalies, summarizing the key features of commonly encountered entities, and serving as a foundation for subsequent articles presented herein. Vascular tumors are discussed to highlight their distinction from vascular malformations which will receive greater attention with respect to management and technical considerations within the issue.