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Ouahed JD, Griffith A, Collen LV, Snapper SB. Breaking Down Barriers: Epithelial Contributors to Monogenic IBD Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izad319. [PMID: 38280053 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic causes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasingly being discovered. To date, much attention has been placed in those resulting from inborn errors of immunity. Therapeutic efforts have been largely focused on offering personalized immune modulation or curative bone marrow transplant for patients with IBD and underlying immune disorders. To date, less emphasis has been placed on monogenic causes of IBD that pertain to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of monogenic causes of IBD that result in impaired intestinal epithelial barrier that are categorized into 6 important functions: (1) epithelial cell organization, (2) epithelial cell intrinsic functions, (3) epithelial cell apoptosis and necroptosis, (4) complement activation, (5) epithelial cell signaling, and (6) control of RNA degradation products. We illustrate how impairment of any of these categories can result in IBD. This work reviews the current understanding of the genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier, the inheritance patterns that result in dysfunction, features of IBD resulting from these disorders, and pertinent translational work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie D Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren V Collen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Luo C, Yang L, Huang Z, Su Y, Lu Y, Yu D, Zhang M, Wu K. Case report: A case of epidermolysis bullosa complicated with pyloric atresia and a literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1098273. [PMID: 37033187 PMCID: PMC10076629 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1098273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This article aims to explore the diagnosis, molecular characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (EB-PA). Methods The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and genetic characteristics of a patient with EB-PA admitted to our hospital were analysed. The disease subtypes, concomitant abnormalities, molecular characteristics, and prognosis of patients with EB-PA were summarized by searching the EB-PA-related literature since 2011. Results We present a very low birth weight female infant with skin blisters and pyloric obstruction. Exome sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations in the ITGB4 gene: c.794dupC (p. S265fs*5) and c.2962G > A (p.A988T). This infant was diagnosed with EB-PA. Coverage of the wounds and Penicillin were used to prevent infection, but the patient eventually developed severe sepsis. A literature review was carried out including 49 cases of EB-PA; among these cases, 34 were preterm infants, weighing between 930 and 3,640 g. Of these EB-PA patients, 28 had accompanying malformations, including urinary system malformations and aplasia cutis congenita (ACC). Thirty-two patients identified the subtype of EB-PA, of whom 25 were diagnosed with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), 6 with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), and 1 with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). Genetic testing was conducted on 23 patients, of whom 15 carried Integrin Beta-4 (ITGB4) gene mutations and one JEB patient carried an Integrin Alpha-6 (ITGA6) gene mutation; 4 of the 5 EBS patients had Plectin (PLEC) gene mutations, and the other had an ITGB4 mutation. ITGB4 mutation cases involved 29 mutation sites, primarily concentrated in the region encoding the integrin beta subunit; PLEC mutation cases involved 7 mutation sites. Among all cases, 43 underwent pyloric atresia surgery, of whom 24 died postoperatively, and 6 without surgery therapy died within a short period. Conclusion EB-PA is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased skin fragility and PA involving mutations in the ITGB4, PLEC, or ITGA6 genes. EB-PA has a high incidence of complications and mortality, surgery and supportive therapy are currently the most common treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kashyap MP, Khan J, Sinha R, Jin L, Atigadda V, Deshane JS, Ahmed AR, Kilic A, Raman C, Mukhtar MS, Elmets CA, Athar M. Advances in molecular pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: Dysregulated keratins and ECM signaling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 128:120-129. [PMID: 35131152 PMCID: PMC9232849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is characterized by deep-seated, highly inflamed, and painful lumps/abscesses, fistulae, and sinus tracts that grow extensively deep in the dermis and are highly immunogenic in nature. In about one-third of the HS patients there is strong evidence for the role of γ-secretase mutations along with dysregulated Notch signaling. However, the contribution of dysregulated Notch signaling in HS pathogenesis in relation to hair follicle alterations and hyper-activation of the immune system remains undefined. A genome-wide association study (GWAS), proteomic data and functional investigations of identified sequence variants in HS pathology are not fully revealing. The disease initiation or progression may involve bacterial infection besides intrinsic functional defects in keratinocytes, which may be key to further exacerbate immune cell infiltration and cytokine production in and around the lesional tissue. The absence of a suitable animal model that could fully recapitulate the pathogenesis of HS is a major impediment for proper understanding the underlying mechanisms and development of effective treatments. The presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation products along with dysregulation in keratinocytes and, dermal fibroblasts ultimately affect immune regulation and are various components of HS pathogenesis. Bacterial infection further exacerbates the complexity of the disease progression. While anti-TNFα therapy shows partial efficacy, treatment to cure HS is absent. Multiple clinical trials targeting various cytokines, complement C5a and ECM products are in progress. This review provides state-of-the-art information on these aspects with a focus on dysregulated keratinocyte and immune cells; and role of ECM, and Keratin functions in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Pratap Kashyap
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Rajesh Sinha
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Lin Jin
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Venkatram Atigadda
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Ayesha R Ahmed
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Ali Kilic
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL35294, USA.
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He J, Zhao B, Huang X, Fu X, Liu G, Tian Y, Wu C, Mao J, Liu J, Gun S, Tian K. Gene network analysis reveals candidate genes related with the hair follicle development in sheep. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:428. [PMID: 35672687 PMCID: PMC9175362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merino sheep are the most famous fine wool sheep in the world. They have high wool production and excellent wool quality and have attracted worldwide attention. The fleece of the Merino sheep is composed predominantly of wool fibers grown from secondary wool follicles. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of hair follicles to understand the mechanism of wool production. The hair follicle is a complex biological system involved in a dynamic process governed by gene regulation. The hair follicle development process is very complex and poorly understood. The purpose of our research is to identify candidate genes related to hair follicle development, provide a theoretical molecular breeding basis for the cultivation of fine wool sheep, and provide a reference for the problems of hair loss and alopecia areata that affect human beings. Results We analyzed mRNAs data in skin tissues of 18 Merino sheep at four embryonic days (E65, E85, E105 and E135) and two postnatal days (P7 and P30). G1 to G6 represent hair follicles developmental at six stages (i.e. E65 to P30). We identified 7879 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12623 novel DEGs, revealed different expression patterns of these DEGs at six stages of hair follicle development, and demonstrated their complex interactions. DEGs with stage-specific expression were significantly enriched in epidermal differentiation and development, hair follicle development and hair follicle morphogenesis and were enriched in many pathways related to hair follicle development. The key genes (LAMA5, WNT10A, KRT25, SOSTDC1, ZDHHC21, FZD1, BMP7, LRP4, TGFβ2, TMEM79, SOX10, ITGB4, KRT14, ITGA6, and GLI2) affecting hair follicle morphogenesis were identified by network analysis. Conclusion This study provides a new reference for the molecular basis of hair follicle development and lays a foundation for further improving sheep hair follicle breeding. Candidate genes related to hair follicular development were found, which provided a theoretical basis for molecular breeding for the culture of fine wool sheep. These results are a valuable resource for biological investigations of fleece evolution in animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08552-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Fine Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat in Xinjiang, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuezhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Fine Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat in Xinjiang, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingyi Mao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
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DeMaria KA, Fink C, Pepper M, Rieger K, Tan SY, Namjoshi SS. Intestinal Failure in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa: Mild Skin Disease, Severe Diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1740-1743. [PMID: 35147818 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A DeMaria
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine & the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, 750 Welch Road- Suite 116, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Christopher Fink
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine & the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, 750 Welch Road- Suite 116, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Michael Pepper
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Serena Y Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Shweta S Namjoshi
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine & the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, 750 Welch Road- Suite 116, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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