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Hu J, Wang M, Xiang R. ZAP70: A Key Gene Identified by Differential Expression Analysis for Early Diagnosis of Fetuses with Emanuel Syndrome. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10808-3. [PMID: 38687434 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome is a rare autosomal disorder characterized by microcephaly, heart defects, cleft palate and developmental delay. However, there is a lack of specific prenatal screening for Emanuel syndrome. To screen for early diagnostic marker genes in fetuses with karyotype+der[22]t(11;22)(q23;q11) of Emanuel syndrome. Transcriptome sequencing and clinical trait data of t(11;22)(q23;q11) translocation samples were screened from the GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by principal component analysis of gene expression by R package, and intersections were taken with balanced and unbalanced DEGs. Then, the correlation with clinical traits was determined by WGCNA analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and then univariate Cox analysis and Lasso analysis were performed to obtain the key genes. The core regulatory genes were obtained after protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. A total of 50 DEGs were obtained after differential analysis. WGCNA analysis showed that DEG was associated with the chromosomal imbalance and age module. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed candidate genes were associated with exocytic vesicle membrane, synaptic vesicle membranes, glycoprotein complex, dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and malaria. COX and Lasso analyses yielded 5 hub genes, including ZBED9, RGS20, SGCB, ETV5, and ZAP70. The results of PPI identified the key regulatory gene associated with chromosomal imbalance as the ZAP70 gene. ZAP70 may be a key gene for early diagnosis of Emanuel syndrome in fetuses with+der[22]t(11;22)(q23;q11) karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiyao Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
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2
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Soster E, Dyr B, Caldwell S, Sussman A, Magharyous H. Prenatal cfDNA Screening for Emanuel Syndrome and Other Unbalanced Products of Conception in Carriers of the Recurrent Balanced Translocation t(11;22): One Laboratory's Retrospective Experience. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1924. [PMID: 37895273 PMCID: PMC10606745 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal cell-free DNA screening (cfDNA) can identify fetal chromosome abnormalities beyond common trisomies. Emanuel syndrome (ES), caused by an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, has lacked a reliable prenatal screening option for families with a carrier parent. A cohort of cases (n = 46) sent for cfDNA screening with indications and/or results related to ES was queried; diagnostic testing and pregnancy outcomes were requested and analyzed. No discordant results were reported or suspected; there were ten true positives with diagnostic confirmation, six likely concordant positives based on known translocations and consistent cfDNA data, and twenty-six true negatives, by diagnostic testing or birth outcomes. For cases with parental testing, all affected ES cases had maternal translocation carriers. Expanded cfDNA may provide reassurance for t(11;22) carriers with screen negative results, and screen positive results appear to reflect a likely affected fetus, especially with a known maternal translocation. Current society guidelines support the use of expanded cfDNA screening in specific circumstances, such as for translocation carriers, with appropriate counseling. Diagnostic testing is recommended for prenatal diagnosis of ES and other chromosome abnormalities in pregnancy. To our knowledge, this cohort is the largest published group of cases with prenatal screening for carriers of t(11;22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Soster
- Labcorp, La Jolla, San Diego, 92121 CA, USA; (B.D.); (S.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Brittany Dyr
- Labcorp, La Jolla, San Diego, 92121 CA, USA; (B.D.); (S.C.); (H.M.)
| | | | | | - Hany Magharyous
- Labcorp, La Jolla, San Diego, 92121 CA, USA; (B.D.); (S.C.); (H.M.)
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3
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Piwowarczyk P, Massalska D, Obodzińska I, Gawlik Zawiślak S, Bijok J, Kucińska-Chahwan A, Roszkowski T. Prenatal diagnosis of Emanuel syndrome - case series and review of the literature. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2615-2620. [PMID: 36048922 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2114331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present three new cases and review of the literature on the prenatal diagnosis of Emanuel syndrome (ES). Twenty-one foetuses have been analysed. In all three cases diagnosed in our department, posterior fossa abnormalities were seen and in one hypoplastic right ventricle was diagnosed at the first trimester scan. Defects of the posterior fossa (62% of foetuses; 13/21) and left diaphragmatic hernia (29% of foetuses; 6/21) are the most frequently reported prenatal findings in ES syndrome. No pattern of specific prenatal ultrasound markers of ES exists. Abnormalities of the posterior fossa are frequent and may be diagnosed as early as in the first trimester of pregnancy. Specific diagnosis can be made only after invasive genetic testing.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare genetic disorder. No pattern of specific prenatal ultrasound markers exists. The great majority of cases is diagnosed postnatally and only a few cases of prenatal diagnosis have been published to date.What do the results of this study add? The most frequent structural abnormalities in prenatally detected ES involved central nervous system (80.9%), namely posterior fossa defects (57.1%) and mild ventriculomegaly (23.8%). Other frequent abnormalities include left diaphragmatic hernia (28.6%), renal defects (23.8%) and foetal growth restriction (FGR) (23.8%).What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Abnormalities of the posterior fossa are the most frequent defects in ES and may be diagnosed as early as in the first trimester of pregnancy. Specific diagnosis can be made only after invasive genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Piwowarczyk
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Massalska
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Obodzińska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Julia Bijok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kucińska-Chahwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Roszkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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Hao X, Wu J, Fu W, Zhang R, Zhong S, Deng Y, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Fang Q. Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetuses with Emanuel Syndrome: Results of Ultrasound Examination and Invasive Genetic Testing. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:469-477. [PMID: 35043432 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prenatal manifestations of Emanuel syndrome (ES) by retrospectively analyzing the results of prenatal diagnosis. METHODS Thirteen fetuses were collected from 5 hospitals, of which six were confirmed with 47,der(22)t(11;22) (ES) by karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Seven were diagnosed with 46,t(11;22) balanced translocations by karyotype, including one de novo mosaic 46,XX,t(11;22). In 3/7, CMA was performed but did not identify chromosomal imbalances. The results of prenatal diagnoses were reviewed, including ultrasound examinations and genetic testing. RESULTS In ES fetuses, the derivative 22 was consistently inherited from the mother, while in the balanced translocation group, the t(11;22) chromosome was of paternal origin in 3/6 cases, All ES fetuses presented with multiple abnormalities by ultrasound examinations. Diaphragm hernia (3/6), Dandy-Walker complex (3/6), and kidney aplasia (3/6), were the most common ultrasound findings. Sonographic soft markers such as increased nuchal translucency, increased nuchal fold thickness appeared in 3 cases and all of these were associated with other anomalies. However, none of the ultrasound findings differentiated ES from other genetic syndromes during fetal period. CONCLUSIONS In this series, in fetuses with a der(22), the derivative chromosome was consistently of maternal origin. In contrast, 46,t(11;22) balanced translocations were of maternal or paternal origin. The results contribute to the literature regarding the fetal phenotype of ES. Due to the absence of specific features distinguishing ES from other genetic syndromes, confirming the diagnosis through invasive genetic testing is necessary. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianzhu Wu
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Fu
- NHC Key laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetic, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Jinan University-affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shilin Zhong
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanchou Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Feng X, Xie FY, Ou XH, Ma JY. Cruciform DNA in mouse growing oocytes: Its dynamics and its relationship with DNA transcription. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240844. [PMID: 33079963 PMCID: PMC7575099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciform DNA is a causing factor of genome instability and chromosomal translocation, however, most studies about cruciform DNA in mammalian cells were based on palindromic sequences containing plasmids and reports about endogenous cruciform DNA are rare. In this study we observed the dynamics of endogenous cruciform DNA in mouse growing oocytes using immunofluorescence labeling method. We found cruciform DNA foci exist in transcription active growing oocytes but not in transcription inactive fully grown oocytes and colocalized with Parp1 but not with DNA damage marker γH2A.X. By analyzing the Genotype-Tissue Expression data, we found cruciform DNA-mediated chromosomal translocation in human spermatocytes is associated with the specific DNA transcription in testis. When inhibiting the transcription with α-amanitin in mouse oocytes, we found oocyte cruciform DNA foci decreased significantly. In summary, we observed the endogenous cruciform DNA in growing oocytes and our results showed that the cruciform DNA formation is transcription-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Yun Xie
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (J-YM); (X-HO)
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (J-YM); (X-HO)
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Luo Y, Lin J, Sun Y, Qian Y, Wang L, Chen M, Dong M, Jin F. Non-invasive prenatal screening for Emanuel syndrome. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:9. [PMID: 32158503 PMCID: PMC7057502 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to validate the results of two Emanuel syndromes detected by non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) screening using invasive methods, providing clinical performance of NIPS on chromosome microduplication detection. Methods NIPS was performed to diagnose the Emanuel syndrome. Amniocentesis or cordocentesis was performed to confirm the positive screening result of Emanuel syndrome cases. Fetal sample was detected by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP Array). Parental karyotyping and FISH were also carried out. Results Two cases with chromosomal abnormalities of 11q23.3q25 and 22q11.1q11.21 were found by NIPS. Chromosomal karyotyping showed that the two fetuses each have a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC), SNP Array further demonstrated double duplications approximately 18 Mb in 11q23.3q25 and 3 Mb in 22q11.1q11.21. FISH confirmed that the small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) was ish der(22)t(11;22) (TUPLE1+, ARSA-). Ultrasound scan and MRI showed some structure malformations in two fetuses. The two mothers were found to be a balanced carrier: 46,XX, t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2). Conclusion NIPS could effectively identify Emanuel syndrome, which may indicate risks of a parent being a balanced rearrangement carrier. The followed confirmation test for positive sample is necessary and ensures the accuracy of the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Luo
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- 2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixi Sun
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Wang
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyue Dong
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jin
- 1Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China.,2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,3Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Xie CL, Cardenas AM. Neuroimaging findings in Emanuel Syndrome. J Radiol Case Rep 2019; 13:1-5. [PMID: 32184920 PMCID: PMC7060007 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v13i10.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome is a rare inherited chromosomal abnormality caused by an unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 11 and 22. Clinically, Emanuel syndrome is characterized by a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies, dysmorphisms, and developmental disability often confused with other similar syndromes. Outside of genetic testing, diagnosis remains challenging and current literature on typical radiologic findings is limited. We present classic neuroimaging findings of Emanuel syndrome consistent with prior literature including microcephaly, microretrognathia, external auditory canal stenosis, and cleft palate; and also introduce the additional maxillofacial anomaly of dysplastic middle ear ossicles, to our knowledge not previously described in the literature. Recognition of findings leading to earlier diagnosis of Emanuel syndrome may improve outcomes and quality of life for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlies L Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Agustin M Cardenas
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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Puranik CP, Katechia B. Oral and dental findings in emanuel syndrome. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:677-682. [PMID: 30980693 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emanuel Syndrome (ES; OMIM# 609029) is a rare disorder caused by an unbalanced chromosomal translocation [supernumerary der(22)t(11,22)] and characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities. With limited published cases and low prevalence (1:110 000), detailed ES-associated oro-dental findings have not previously been reported. This is a case report of a 14-year-old boy with ES who presented with congenital cardiac, renal, auditory, musculoskeletal problems, and global developmental delay. The patient was managed with risperidone, melatonin, omeprazole, guanfacine, and oxcarbazepine. Anxiety-associated self-injurious behaviour was seen along with stereotypic hand movements. Consistent with previous reports, microcephaly and micrognathia were noted. Oro-facial cleft or gross asymmetry, however, was not observed. Significant oro-dental findings included delayed eruption of primary and permanent teeth, oligodontia (two erupted and five unerupted permanent teeth), and short-root anomaly of central incisors. The patient demonstrated anxiety-triggered bruxism with generalized attrition. This case report provides a comprehensive list of systemic ES findings along with oro-dental manifestations, which have previously not been reported in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya P Puranik
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Bina Katechia
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Saffren BD, Capasso JE, Zanolli M, Levin AV. Ocular manifestations of Emanuel syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1964-1967. [PMID: 30178914 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome is caused by a supernumerary der(22)t(11;22) and typically manifests with intellectual disability and craniofacial dysmorphism. Ocular abnormalities have infrequently been described. We report a 36-year-old man with severe intellectual disability, aphasia, and facial dysmorphism, with high myopia and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG). Microarray analysis results included 47,XY,+der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2), and a 269 kb deletion of 7q31.33(125,898,014-126,166,829). Two candidate genes were identified as possible etiologies for the ocular pathologies in our patient: a MFRP duplication on chromosome 11, which may play a role in high myopia and dysregulation of emmetropization, and a GRM8 deletion on chromosome 7, which may cause glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and therefore have a role in the development of JOAG, unrelated to the Emanuel syndrome genotype. We provide the first detailed description these ocular abnormalities in a patient with Emmanuel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Saffren
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Alex V Levin
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sydney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Saxena D, Srivastava P, Tuteja M, Mandal K, Phadke SR. Phenotypic characterization of derivative 22 syndrome: case series and review. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Luo JW, Yang H, Tan ZP, Tu M, Luo H, Yang YF, Xie L. A clinical and molecular analysis of a patient with Emanuel syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1348-1352. [PMID: 28075445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome (ES) is the most frequent type of recurrent non‑Robertsonian translocation that is characterized by numerous anomalies. Over 100 patients with ES have been described in the literature. The phenotype of this syndrome varies but often consists of facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, developmental retardation, congenital heart disease and genital anomalies. The present study describes a 2‑year‑old boy with multiple malformations, including facial dysmorphism, severe intellectual disability, growth retardation, congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, genital malformation (micropenis), amblyopia, thymic dysplasia and hearing impairment. The karyotype of the patient was 47,XY,+del(22)(q13), and the maternal karyotype was 46,XX,t(11;22)(q25;q13),9qh‑,15p+. Single‑nucleotide polymorphism‑array analysis of the proband indicated a partial duplication of chromosomes 22 and 11 at 22q11.1‑q11.21 and 11q23.3‑q25, respectively, which confirmed the diagnosis of ES. To date, no cases of ES have been reported in mainland China. The present case further emphasizes the necessity and importance of high‑resolution techniques for genetic diagnosis and for subsequent genetic counseling. The present study contributed to the phenotypic delineation of ES and confirmed the first ES patient in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Tan
- The Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Inagaki H, Kato T, Tsutsumi M, Ouchi Y, Ohye T, Kurahashi H. Palindrome-Mediated Translocations in Humans: A New Mechanistic Model for Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements. Front Genet 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27462347 PMCID: PMC4940405 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palindromic DNA sequences, which can form secondary structures, are widely distributed in the human genome. Although the nature of the secondary structure-single-stranded "hairpin" or double-stranded "cruciform"-has been extensively investigated in vitro, the existence of such unusual non-B DNA in vivo remains controversial. Here, we review palindrome-mediated gross chromosomal rearrangements possibly induced by non-B DNA in humans. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have not yet overcome the difficulty of palindromic sequence analysis. However, a dozen palindromic AT-rich repeat (PATRR) sequences have been identified at the breakpoints of recurrent or non-recurrent chromosomal translocations in humans. The breakages always occur at the center of the palindrome. Analyses of polymorphisms within the palindromes indicate that the symmetry and length of the palindrome affect the frequency of the de novo occurrence of these palindrome-mediated translocations, suggesting the involvement of non-B DNA. Indeed, experiments using a plasmid-based model system showed that the formation of non-B DNA is likely the key to palindrome-mediated genomic rearrangements. Some evidence implies a new mechanism that cruciform DNAs may come close together first in nucleus and illegitimately joined. Analysis of PATRR-mediated translocations in humans will provide further understanding of gross chromosomal rearrangements in many organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan; Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makiko Tsutsumi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuya Ouchi
- Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, School of Health Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan; Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan
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Tsukamoto M, Hitosugi T, Esaki K, Yokoyama T. Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Emanuel Syndrome. Anesth Prog 2016; 63:201-203. [PMID: 27973931 PMCID: PMC5157147 DOI: 10.2344/16-00028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome is associated with supernumerary chromosome, which consists of the extra genetic material from chromosome 11 and 22. The frequency of this syndrome has been reported as 1 in 110,000. It is a rare anomaly associated with multiple systemic malformations such as micrognathia and congenital heart disease. In addition, patients with Emanuel syndrome may have seizure disorders. We experienced anesthetic management of a patient with Emanuel syndrome who underwent palatoplasty. This patient had received tracheotomy due to micrognathia. In addition, he had atrial septal defect, mild pulmonary artery stenosis, and cleft palate. Palatoplasty was performed without any complication during anesthesia. Close attention was directed to cardiac function, seizure, and airway management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsukamoto
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hitosugi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Esaki
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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İkbal Atli E, Gürkan H, Vatansever Ü, Ulusal S, Tozkir H. A case with Emanuel syndrome: extra derivative 22 chromosome inherited from the mother. Balkan J Med Genet 2015; 18:77-82. [PMID: 27785401 PMCID: PMC5026272 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2015-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental disabilities. Affected children are usually identified in the newborn period as the offspring of balanced (11;22) translocation carriers. Carriers of this balanced translocation usually have no clinical symptoms and are often identified after the birth of offspring with an unbalanced form of the translocation, the supernumerary der(22) t(11;22) syndrome. We report a 3-year-old boy with the t(11;22)(q23;q11) chromosome, transmitted in an unbalanced fashion from his mother. He has several developmental delays; he is not independently ambulatory and language is significantly impaired. Using his peripheral blood, karyotyping was performed to define his multiple congenital anomalies, revealing the following chromosomal abnormality: 47, XY, +der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2). To ascertain the origin and trait of this supernumerary marker chromosome [der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2)], karyotyping of his parents was performed. The mother was found to be a balanced carrier: 46, XX, t(11;22) (q23.3; q11.2).
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Choi J, Lee H, Lee CG. Partial trisomy of 11q23.3-q25 inherited from a maternal low-level mosaic unbalanced translocation. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1859-64. [PMID: 25944464 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Partial trisomy of 11q is characterized by pre/postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, cognitive disability, abnormal muscle tone, inguinal hernia, and possible congenital heart defects. Here, we describe a 17-year-old male with a 17.77 Mb-sized [arr 11q23.3-q25 (116,667,559 -134,434,130) ×3] partial trisomy resulting from the unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22. The terminal translocation was detected using oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmation. The partial trisomy was inherited from his mother who had the low-level (22.7%) mosaic unbalanced translocation and a normal phenotype. The patient showed most of the common features of partial trisomy 11q syndrome, with additional findings, including mesenteric fibromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Eulji General Hospital, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cha Gon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
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