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Korteland RJ, Kok E, Hulshof C, van Gog T. Teaching through their eyes: effects on optometry teachers' adaptivity and students' learning when teachers see students' gaze. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2024; 29:1735-1748. [PMID: 38598135 PMCID: PMC11549187 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-024-10325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive teacher support fosters effective learning in one-to-one teaching sessions, which are a common way of learning complex visual tasks in the health sciences. Adaptive support is tailored to student needs, and this is difficult in complex visual tasks as visual problem-solving processes are covert and thus cannot be directly observed by the teacher. Eye-tracking apparatus can measure covert processes and make them visible in gaze displays: visualizations of where a student looks while executing a task. We investigate whether live dynamic gaze displays help teachers in being more adaptive to students' needs when teaching optical coherence tomography interpretation in one-to-one teaching sessions and whether this fosters learning. Forty-nine students and 10 teachers participated in a one-to-one teaching session in clinical optometry. In the control condition, teachers saw the learning task of the student and could discuss it with them, whereas in the gaze-display condition, teachers could additionally see where the student looked. After the 15-minute teaching session, a test was administered to examine achievement. Furthermore, students filled in the 'questionnaire on teacher support adaptivity', and teachers rated how adaptive their support was. Bayesian analyses provide some initial evidence that students did not experience support to be more adaptive in the gaze-display condition versus the control condition, nor were their post-test scores higher. Teachers rated their provided support as being more adaptive in the gaze-display versus the control condition. Further research could investigate if live dynamic gaze displays impact adaptive teaching when used over longer periods or with more teacher training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jan Korteland
- Department of Education, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3508 CS, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kok
- Department of Education, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3508 CS, Netherlands.
| | - Casper Hulshof
- Department of Education, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3508 CS, Netherlands
| | - Tamara van Gog
- Department of Education, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3508 CS, Netherlands
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Yang X, Yan T, Bao Z, Ouyang K, Huang L. Wisdom Tooth Extraction Training for Dental Students: Step-by-Step or All-in-One? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2024; 85:1-15. [PMID: 39347678 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2024.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Aims/Background For inexperienced dental students, impacted wisdom tooth extraction is a complex procedure involving a series of intricate steps. This study compared the effectiveness of step-by-step and all-in-one teaching methods for dental students learning impacted wisdom tooth extraction, by evaluating their practical abilities, understanding, and learning satisfaction. Methods Fifty dental students were randomly assigned to either a step-by-step teaching group (Group S) or an all-in-one teaching group (Group A) for impacted wisdom tooth extraction training. Their skills were assessed using the Assessment of Competency in Exodontia Skills (ACES) scoring system, and their theoretical knowledge was tested in a test. The students also completed a questionnaire to gauge their satisfaction regarding the teaching method received. Results The students in Group S demonstrated superior performance in clinical procedures compared to Group A, evidenced by the significantly higher ACES scores (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in theoretical exam scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). The students in Group S reported higher general satisfaction (p < 0.05), suggesting a preference for the step-by-step approach. The results also showed that satisfaction toward hands-on practice and teaching sessions significantly contributed to general satisfaction, while satisfaction with mastery of clinical skills did not. Conclusion The step-by-step teaching method was more effective in improving students' clinical skills and augmenting their satisfaction during impacted wisdom tooth extraction training. Our findings support the use of incremental learning approaches in dental education to enhance both clinical competencies and students' learning experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yang
- Department of General Dentistry II, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tinglin Yan
- Department of General Dentistry II, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhexuan Bao
- Department of General Dentistry II, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexiong Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luo Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Minshew LM, Malone DT, Cain J, McLaughlin JE. Exploring cognitive apprenticeship and teaching practices in pharmacy education. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:1095-1111. [PMID: 35796902 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Health professions schools in the United States and internationally have engaged in curricular changes to better prepare students for the future of health care. However, designing or selecting evidence-based teaching activities can be a challenge. Research suggests the Cognitive Apprenticeship theory is an effective framework for the health professions to inform instruction design, yet these studies have mainly focused on the clinical setting and not the didactic learning environment. This study used qualitative methods to explore the Cognitive Apprenticeship framework in the didactic learning environment and the teaching practices that pharmacy faculty used to explicate their expert thinking to students. Faculty were observed using all four Cognitive Apprenticeship dimensions (ie, Content, Sequencing, Methods, Sociology) in their teaching practice. Patterns were observed in the data revealing complex, short and sometimes spontaneous teaching practices that faculty used to promote learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Minshew
- The Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education, Clinical Sciences Department, MCW School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel T Malone
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff Cain
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacqueline E McLaughlin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Aono M, Obara H, Kawakami C, Imafuku R, Saiki T, Barone MA, Suzuki Y. Do programme coordinators contribute to the professional development of residents? an exploratory study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 35585541 PMCID: PMC9118683 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of training programmes for health professions, the role of programme coordinators has become increasingly important. However, their role in providing educational support for the professional development of resident trainees has not been investigated well. This study aimed to qualitatively analyse the involvement of programme coordinators in educational support for residents. METHODS Semi-structured reflective writing on 'support for residents' was collected from programme coordinators in teaching hospitals in Japan in 2017-18 using a web-based questionnaire. Descriptions were qualitatively analysed thematically, using the professional identity formation (PIF) framework. RESULTS A total of 39 cases of "support for residents" by 31 coordinators were analysed. We found that residents most commonly faced prior personal problems, including mental health issues and insufficient social skills/unprofessional behaviour. A thematic analysis revealed that coordinators played a variety of educational roles: 1) requesting supervisors to reconsider their teaching; 2) protecting residents from the negative influence of clinical experiences; 3) facilitating residents' self-assessment and confidence; 4) creating a safer learning environment; 5) providing support for prior personal problems through 5-1) fostering a better atmosphere for the mental health of residents, and 5-2) intervening for residents with insufficient social skills/unprofessional behaviour; 6) providing support for isolated residents; and 7) preventing problems with peers. CONCLUSIONS This study identified seven educational roles of programme coordinators for residents from a standpoint of PIF of residents. Based on these findings, four valuable attributes for coordinators were established: non-hierarchical relationships with residents, parenting attitudes, sensitivity to residents' changes, and the perspective of the citizen and a member of the public. These attributes would underpin coordinators' educational roles and facilitate the professional development of residents. This study provides a basis for defining and revising the role profiles of programme coordinators, and for improving staff development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Aono
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
- St Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan
| | - Haruo Obara
- Department of Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, 281 Miyazato, Uruma, 904-2243, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kawakami
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Rintaro Imafuku
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takuya Saiki
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Michael A Barone
- Department of Pediatrics (Adjunct), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Division of Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Nomura O, Onishi H, Park YS, Michihata N, Kobayashi T, Kaneko K, Yoshikawa T, Ishiguro A. Predictors of performance on the pediatric board certification examination. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:122. [PMID: 33618691 PMCID: PMC7898761 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining the predictors of summative assessment performance is important for improving educational programs and structuring appropriate learning environments for trainees. However, predictors of certification examination performance in pediatric postgraduate education have not been comprehensively investigated in Japan. METHODS The Pediatric Board Examination database in Japan, which includes 1578 postgraduate trainees from 2015 to 2016, was analyzed. The examinations included multiple-choice questions (MCQs), case summary reports, and an interview, and the predictors for each of these components were investigated by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The number of examination attempts and the training duration were significant negative predictors of the scores for the MCQ, case summary, and interview. Employment at a community hospital or private university hospital were negative predictors of the MCQ and case summary score, respectively. Female sex and the number of academic presentations positively predicted the case summary and interview scores. The number of research publications was a positive predictor of the MCQ score, and employment at a community hospital was a positive predictor of the case summary score. CONCLUSION This study found that delayed and repeated examination taking were negative predictors, while the scholarly activity of trainees was a positive predictor, of pediatric board certification examination performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nomura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8216, Japan.
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Onishi
- International Research Center for Medical Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Bartlett (BAR-2R-202), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Department of Management and Strategy, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiguro
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Wolcott MD, Kornegay EC, Brame JL. Piloting a first-year resident-as-teacher workshop to foster evidence-based teaching. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:16-22. [PMID: 32915463 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Residents function as important educators of dental students; however, they often have limited training in educational best-practices. Resident-as-teacher programs have been designed and implemented in other health professions to prepare residents to teach in clinic and classroom settings. In this research, we describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a 2-day workshop for first-year advanced dental residents. METHODS The program engaged residents in techniques to: (1) foster psychological safety, (2) use the cognitive apprenticeship framework, (3) deliver quality feedback, and (4) conduct effective didactic instruction. Nineteen first-year residents attended 2 four-hour workshops in July 2019. The impact of the program was evaluated using Kirkpatrick's model, which included participant reactions, learning, and self-reported behaviors. RESULTS Most residents (at least 83.3%) reported the value and quality of the workshop was high or very high. With regard to knowledge, residents had statistically significant higher scores after the workshop on knowledge questions about cognitive apprenticeship (P < 0.01), feedback strategies (P < 0.05), and classroom instruction techniques (P < 0.05). Resident reported self-efficacy had a statistically significantly increase (P < 0.05) after the workshop in psychological safety, cognitive apprenticeship, and most items related to providing feedback; there were few changes in self-efficacy on classroom instruction strategies. CONCLUSION Overall, a workshop to prepare residents as teachers can improve knowledge and self-efficacy in evidence-based educational practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wolcott
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Kornegay
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brame
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Kaneko K. The importance of clinical teacher development in cultivating excellent pediatric residency programs. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:520. [PMID: 32463577 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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