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Chen Q, Li J. Molecular mechanism analysis of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:877-888. [PMID: 38700285 PMCID: PMC11290754 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of cystic fibrosis (CF) complicated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Materials & methods: Expression profiles of CF with NTM-infected patients were downloaded from GEO database. Intersection analysis yielded 78 genes associated with CF with NTM infection. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the functions of hub genes were investigated. Results: Five hub genes (PIK3R1, IL1A, CXCR4, ACTN1, PFN1) were identified, which were primarily enriched in actin-related biological processes and pathways. Transcription factors RELA, JUN, NFKB1 and FOS that regulated hub genes modulated IL1A expression, while 21 other transcription factors regulated CXCR4 expression. Conclusion: In summary, this study may provide new insights into the mechanisms of CF with NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihuang Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
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Warner S, Blaxland A, Counoupas C, Verstraete J, Zampoli M, Marais BJ, Fitzgerald DA, Robinson PD, Triccas JA. Clinical and Experimental Determination of Protection Afforded by BCG Vaccination against Infection with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: A Role in Cystic Fibrosis? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1313. [PMID: 37631881 PMCID: PMC10459431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) of particular concern in individuals with obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Treatment requires multiple drugs and is characterised by high rates of relapse; thus, new strategies to limit infection are urgently required. This study sought to determine how Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination may impact NTM infection, using a murine model of Mycobacterium abscessus infection and observational data from a non-BCG vaccinated CF cohort in Sydney, Australia and a BCG-vaccinated CF cohort in Cape Town, South Africa. In mice, BCG vaccination induced multifunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells circulating in the blood and was protective against dissemination of bacteria to the spleen. Prior infection with M. abscessus afforded the highest level of protection against M. abscessus challenge in the lung, and immunity was characterised by a greater frequency of pulmonary cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells compared to BCG vaccination. In the clinical CF cohorts, the overall rates of NTM sampling during a three-year period were equivalent; however, rates of NTM colonisation were significantly lower in the BCG-vaccinated (Cape Town) cohort, which was most apparent for M. abscessus. This study provides evidence that routine BCG vaccination may reduce M. abscessus colonisation in individuals with CF, which correlates with the ability of BCG to induce multifunctional CD4+ T cells recognising M. abscessus in a murine model. Further research is needed to determine the optimal strategies for limiting NTM infections in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherridan Warner
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.B.); (D.A.F.)
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Janine Verstraete
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (J.V.); (M.Z.)
- Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, South Africa, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Marco Zampoli
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (J.V.); (M.Z.)
- Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, South Africa, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Ben J. Marais
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Dominic A. Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.B.); (D.A.F.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul D. Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.B.); (D.A.F.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James A. Triccas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Nick JA, Daley CL, Lenhart-Pendergrass PM, Davidson RM. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:586-592. [PMID: 34431787 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are challenging infections among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) as the source, modes of transmission, and best practices for diagnosis and treatment are not known. Investigators have defined aspects of NTM infection that are unique to the CF population, as well as features shared with other conditions at risk. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of NTM infection among pwCF. RECENT FINDINGS The presence of dominant circulating clones of Mycobacterium abscessus within the CF community worldwide continue to be described, as well as pathogen phenotypes that could evoke greater environmental fitness and infectivity. The risk of direct or indirect transmission between pwCF remains an active focus of investigation, with divergent findings and conclusions reached in a site-specific fashion. Derived largely from studies in non-CF populations, new clinical guidelines are now available. A wide variety of agents are in preclinical development or early phase trials with promising findings, and new therapeutic targets have been identified as our understanding of the complex biology of NTM continues to expand. SUMMARY Significant challenges remain in the fight against NTM, however, recent advances in our understanding of the genetics, epidemiology and pathophysiology of pulmonary NTM infection in pwCF are leading efforts to improve clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry A Nick
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine
| | - Charles L Daley
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine
| | | | - Rebecca M Davidson
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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