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Francia P, Ferri Marini C, Bocchi L, Piccini B, Seghieri G, Federici A, Toni S, Lucertini F. The Assessment of Ankle Range-of-Motion and Its Relationship with Overall Muscle Strength in a Cross-Section of Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11010012. [PMID: 36668716 PMCID: PMC9865943 DOI: 10.3390/sports11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soccer (football) practice can induce a limitation of ankle range of motion (ROM) that is a possible risk factor for injury and other negative consequences over time. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of soccer practice on ankle ROM throughout the entire period of a sports career of soccer players (SP). Furthermore, the relationship between ankle ROM and muscle strength in SP of different ages was studied. A total of 204 SP (range 6.7−45.1 years) and 87 controls (range: 7.5−45.2 years) matched for age, body mass index (BMI), and gender, were assessed. Ankle ROM in both plantar flexion (APF) and dorsiflexion (ADF) in addition to handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated using an inclinometer and the Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer, respectively. The comparison between SP and control groups showed a significant reduction in ankle ROM of both APF (26.3 ± 7.2° vs. 32.6 ± 7.4°; d = −0.90; p < 0.001) and ADF (95.5 ± 15.6° vs. 105.5 ± 15.8°; d = −0.66; p < 0.001). In SP, the results of the ANOVAs test indicate that age had a significant effect on ADF (F = 4.352, p = 0.038, partial eta-squared (ηp2) = 0.015) but not on APF (F = 0.430, p = 0.746, ηp2 = 0.001). Moreover, considering only the SP, a weak inverse correlation between ADF and HGS group ADF was found (rs = −0.27; p < 0.001). Factors such as the non-linear trend of growth in young SP could hinder the definition of the relationship between ankle ROM, age, and muscle strength. However, the appropriate consideration of age and muscle strength could facilitate the management of ankle ROM in PF of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Francia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences—Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences—Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences—Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Sonia Toni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences—Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Alarcón-Gómez J, Martin Rivera F, Madera J, Chulvi-Medrano I. Effect of a HIIT protocol on the lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance in a sedentary type 1 diabetes mellitus population: a pilot study. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10510. [PMID: 33391875 PMCID: PMC7759140 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is commonly associated with premature loss of muscle function, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. Those impairments, usually, lead to physical functionality deterioration. High-intensity interval training is an efficient and safety methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and not requires much time, which are the main barriers for this population to practice exercise and increase physical conditioning. We hypothesized that a 6-week HIIT program performed on a cycle ergometer would increase lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance without hypoglycemic situations. Methods A total of 19 diagnosed T1DM subjects were randomly assigned to HIIT group (n = 11; 6-week HIIT protocol) or Control group (n = 8; no treatment). Lower limb strength was evaluated through velocity execution in squat with three different overloads. Weight bearing lunge test (WBLT) was performed to test ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and Y-Balance test (YBT) was the test conducted to analyze dynamic balance performance. Results Velocity in squat improved a 11.3%, 9.4% and 10.1% (p < 0.05) with the 50%, 60% and 70% of their own body mass overload respectively, WBLT performance increased a 10.43% in the right limb and 15.45% in the left limb. YBT showed improvements in all directions (right limb-left limb): Anterior (4.3–6.1%), Posteromedial (1.8–5.2%) and Posterolateral (3.4–4.5%) in HIIT group (p < 0.05), unlike control group that did not experience any significant change in any of the variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion A 6-week HIIT program is safe and effective to improve execution velocity in squat movement, a fundamental skill in daily living activities, as well as ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance to reduce foot ulcers, risk falls and functional impairments. HIIT seems an efficient and safety training methodology not only for overcome T1DM barriers for exercising but also for improving functional capacities in T1DM people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alarcón-Gómez
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin Rivera
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Madera
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Valerio PM, Gonçalves VE, Zordão CC, Rezende MS, Moisés ECD, Guirro ECDO. Influence of type 1 diabetes on the postural control of women in the third gestational trimester. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 77:105062. [PMID: 32497927 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes can cause biomechanical alterations that may be responsible for additional changes to those existing in a regular gestational period. The way a maternal body responds when affected by diabetes has not been clearly understood. This study aimed to describe the influence of type 1 diabetes on pregnant women's postural control. METHODS Forty pregnant women in their third gestational trimester were allocated in two equal groups - the control group and the type 1 diabetic group. The variables related to postural control and balance were assessed using photogrammetry (head protrusion; cervical lordosis; thoracic kyphosis; lumbar lordosis; pelvic anteversion, knee flexion, tibiotarsal and foot inclination angles were measured), and baropodometry (anteroposterior and mediolateral distance trajectory of the center of pressure, amplitude and average speed of displacement of the center of pressure). FINDINGS The results of the type 1 diabetic group showed, in the postural analysis, lower head protrusion and pelvic anteversion angles, while there was higher cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis angles. In the baropodometry, the anteroposterior distance and the amplitude of the center of pressure displacement with eyes open and closed were higher. INTERPRETATION The findings suggest that type 1 diabetes mellitus in the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with postural changes, a decrease in the active ankle range of motion and increase in the anteroposterior oscillation of the center of pressure, with negative repercussions for postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Marini Valerio
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Ellen Gonçalves
- Physical Therapy Course, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Clapis Zordão
- Physical Therapy Course, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Monique Silva Rezende
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Christine Dantas Moisés
- Postgraduate Program in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Caldeira de Olveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
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Francia P, Sorelli M, Piccini B, Iannone G, Capirchio L, Toni S, Gulisano M, Bocchi L. Glycemic Control Maintained over Time and Joint Stiffness in Young Type 1 Patients: What Is the Mathematical Relationship? J Diabetes Sci Technol 2019; 13:728-733. [PMID: 30255709 PMCID: PMC6610591 DOI: 10.1177/1932296818802840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely known that diabetes can induce stiffness and adversely affect joint mobility even in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The aim of this study was to identify a mathematical model of diabetes mellitus long-term effects on young T1D patients. METHODS Ankle joint mobility (AJM) was evaluated using an inclinometer in 48 patients and 146 healthy, sex- BMI-, and age-matched controls. Assuming time invariance and linear superposition of the effects of hyperglycemia, the influence of T1D on AJM was formalized as an impulse response putting into relationship past supernormal HbA1c concentrations with the ankle total range of motion. The proposed model was identified by means of a nonlinear evolutionary optimization algorithm. RESULTS AJM was significantly reduced in young T1D patients (P < .001). AJM in both plantar and dorsiflexion was significantly lower in subjects with diabetes than in controls (P < .001). The identified impulse response indicates that impaired metabolic control requires 3 months to bring out its maximum effect on the reduction of AJM, while the following long-lasting decay phase with the expected AJM recovery times, normally depends on the slow turnover of collagen. HbA1c concentration levels above 7.2% are sufficient to produce a reduction of ankle ROM. CONCLUSIONS In young patients with T1D the lack of glycemic control over time affects AJM. HbA1c levels can serve as a relevant prognostic factor for assessing the progression of LJM in subjects with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Francia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Piergiorgio Francia, BSc, Department of
Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence,
Italy.
| | - Michele Sorelli
- Department of Information Engineering,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Iannone
- ANIMO, National Association of Movement
Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Toni
- Diabetes Unit, Meyer Children’s
Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Information Engineering,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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