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Khilnani GC, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Zirpe KG, Todi SK, Mohan A, Hegde A, Jagiasi BG, Krishna B, Rodrigues C, Govil D, Pal D, Divatia JV, Sengar M, Gupta M, Desai M, Rungta N, Prayag PS, Bhattacharya PK, Samavedam S, Dixit SB, Sharma S, Bandopadhyay S, Kola VR, Deswal V, Mehta Y, Singh YP, Myatra SN. Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:S104-S216. [PMID: 39234229 PMCID: PMC11369928 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Khilnani GC, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Zirpe KG, et al. Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(S2):S104-S216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi C Khilnani
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, PSRI Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul P Kulkarni
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhry
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kapil G Zirpe
- Department of Neuro Trauma Unit, Grant Medical Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash K Todi
- Department of Critical Care, AMRI Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashit Hegde
- Department of Medicine & Critical Care, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Bharat G Jagiasi
- Department of Critical Care, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhuvana Krishna
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Camila Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Govil
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta – The Medicity, GuruGram, Haryana, India
| | - Divya Pal
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta – The Medicity, GuruGram, Haryana, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Desai
- Department of Immunology, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Narendra Rungta
- Department of Critical Care & Anaesthesiology, Rajasthan Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Parikshit S Prayag
- Department of Transplant Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Srinivas Samavedam
- Department of Critical Care, Ramdev Rao Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhal B Dixit
- Department of Critical Care, Sanjeevan and MJM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudivya Sharma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Susruta Bandopadhyay
- Department of Critical Care, AMRI Hospitals Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Venkat R Kola
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vikas Deswal
- Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Yatin Mehta
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta – The Medicity, GuruGram, Haryana, India
| | - Yogendra P Singh
- Department of Critical Care, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheila N Myatra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Kelly MS, Ward DV, Severyn CJ, Arshad M, Heston SM, Jenkins K, Martin PL, McGill L, Stokhuyzen A, Bhattarai SK, Bucci V, Seed PC. Gut Colonization Preceding Mucosal Barrier Injury Bloodstream Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:2274-2280. [PMID: 31326608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the predicted reservoir for most bloodstream infections (BSIs) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics have the potential to improve our understanding of the dynamics of gut colonization that precede BSI in HSCT recipients. Within a prospective cohort study of children (age <18 years) undergoing HSCT, 9 subjects met criteria for mucosal barrier injury BSI. We performed whole-genome sequencing of the blood culture isolate and weekly fecal samples preceding the BSI to compare the genetic similarity of BSI isolates to fecal strains. We evaluated temporal associations between antibiotic exposures and the abundances of BSI strains in the gut microbiota and correlated the detection of antibiotic resistance genes with the phenotypic antibiotic resistance of these strains. The median patient age was 2.6 years, and 78% were male. BSIs were caused by Escherichia coli (n = 5), Enterococcus faecium (n = 2), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and Rothia mucilaginosa (n = 1). In the 6 BSI episodes with evaluable comparative genomics, the fecal strains were identical to the blood culture isolate (>99.99% genetic similarity). Gut domination by these strains preceded only 4 of 7 E. coli or E. faecium BSIs by a median of 17 days (range, 6 to 21 days). Increasing abundances of the resulting BSI strains in the gut microbiota were frequently associated with specific antibiotic exposures. E. cloacae and R. mucilaginosa were not highly abundant in fecal samples preceding BSIs caused by these species. The detection of antibiotic resistance genes for β-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin predicted phenotypic resistance in BSI strains. Bacterial strains causing mucosal barrier injury BSI in pediatric HSCT recipients were observed in the gut microbiota before BSI onset, and changes in the abundances of these strains within the gut preceded most BSI episodes. However, frequent sampling of the gut microbiota and sampling of other ecological niches is likely necessary to effectively predict BSI in HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Doyle V Ward
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Severyn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarah M Heston
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kirsten Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul L Martin
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren McGill
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andre Stokhuyzen
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shakti K Bhattarai
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick C Seed
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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Kulkarni, AP, Sengar, M, Chinnaswamy, G, Hegde, A, Rodrigues, C, Soman, R, Khilnani, GC, Ramasubban, S, Desai, M, Pandit, R, Khasne, R, Shetty, A, Gilada, T, Bhosale, S, Kothekar, A, Dixit, S, Zirpe, K, Mehta, Y, Pulinilkunnathil, JG, Bhagat, V, Khan, MS, Narkhede, AM, Baliga, N, Ammapalli, S, Bamne, S, Turkar, S, K, VB, Choudhary, J, Kumar, R, Divatia JV. Indian Antimicrobial Prescription Guidelines in Critically Ill Immunocompromised Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019; 23:S64-S96. [PMID: 31516212 PMCID: PMC6734470 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Kulkarni AP, Sengar M, Chinnaswamy G, Hegde A, Rodrigues C, Soman R, Khilnani GC, Ramasubban S, Desai M, Pandit R, Khasne R, Shetty A, Gilada T, Bhosale S, Kothekar A, Dixit S, Zirpe K, Mehta Y, Pulinilkunnathil JG, Bhagat V, Khan MS, Narkhede AM, Baliga N, Ammapalli S, Bamne S, Turkar S, Bhat KV, Choudhary J, Kumar R, Divatia JV. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2019;23(Suppl 1): S64-S96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Kulkarni,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr Ernest Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manju Sengar,
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr Ernest Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy,
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr Ernest Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashit Hegde,
- Consultant in Medicine and Critical Care, PD Hinduja National Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Camilla Rodrigues,
- Consultant Microbiologist and Chair Infection Control, Hinduja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajeev Soman,
- Consultant ID Physician, Jupiter Hospital, Pune, DeenanathMangeshkar Hospital, Pune, BharatiVidyapeeth, Deemed University Hospital, Pune, Courtsey Visiting Consultant, Hinduja Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gopi C Khilnani,
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Ramasubban,
- Pulmomary and Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, 58, Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Desai,
- Department of Immunology, Prof of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bai Jerbaiwadia Hospital for Children, Consultant, Hematologist, Nanavati Superspeciality Hospital, Director of Pediatric Hematology, Surya Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Pandit,
- Intensive Care Unit, Fortis Hospital, Mulund Goregaon Link Road, Mulund (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchira Khasne,
- Critical Care Medicine, Ashoka - Medicover Hospital, Indira Nagar, Wadala Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Shetty,
- Microbiology Section, 5th Floor, S1 Building, PD Hinduja Hospital, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Trupti Gilada,
- Consultant Physician in Infectious Disease, Unison Medicare and Research Centre and Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Maharukh Mansion, Alibhai Premji Marg, Grant Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpushp Bhosale,
- Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Kothekar,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Departemnt of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhal Dixit,
- Consultant in Critical Care, Director, ICU Sanjeevan and MJM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapil Zirpe,
- Neuro-Trauma Unit, Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yatin Mehta,
- Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Jacob George Pulinilkunnathil,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Bhagat,
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, HomiBhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Saif Khan,
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit M Narkhede,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishanth Baliga,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srilekha Ammapalli,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrirang Bamne,
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddharth Turkar,
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, HomiBhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasudeva Bhat K,
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, HomiBhabha National Institute, Dr E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jitendra Choudhary,
- Critical Care, Fortis Hospital, 102, Nav Sai Shakti CHS, Near Bhoir Gymkhana, M Phule Road, Dombivali West Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishi Kumar,
- Critical Care Medicine, PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Boyle NM, Magaret A, Stednick Z, Morrison A, Butler-Wu S, Zerr D, Rogers K, Podczervinski S, Cheng A, Wald A, Pergam SA. Evaluating risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in adult and pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015; 4:41. [PMID: 26473030 PMCID: PMC4606905 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-015-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are routinely exposed to classic risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), few studies have assessed CDI risk in these high-risk patients, and data are especially lacking for pediatric HCT recipients. We aimed to determine incidence and risk factors for CDI in adult and pediatric allogeneic HCT recipients. Methods CDI was defined as having diarrhea that tested positive for C. difficile via PCR, cytotoxin assay, or dual enzyme immunoassays. We included all patients who received an allogeneic HCT from 2008 to 2012 at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; those <1 year old or with CDI within 8 weeks pre-HCT were excluded. Patients were categorized by transplanting hospital (“adult” or “pediatric”) and followed for 100 days post-HCT. Results Of 1182 HCT recipients, CDI was diagnosed in 17 % (33/192) of pediatric recipients for an incidence of 20 per 10,000 patient-days, and 11 % (107/990) of adult recipients for an incidence of 12 per 10,000. Pediatric recipients were diagnosed a median of 51 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 5, 72) after HCT and adults at 16 days (IQR = 5, 49). Compared with calendar year 2008, pediatric recipients transplanted in 2012 were at increased risk for CDI (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.99, p =.02). Myeloablative conditioning increased CDI risk in adult recipients (HR = 1.81, p =.005). Conclusions Pediatric and adult allogeneic recipients are at high risk of CDI post-HCT, particularly adult recipients of myeloablative conditioning. Differences in CDI incidence between children and adults may have resulted from exposure differences related to age; therefore, separately evaluating these groups should be considered in future CDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Boyle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Amalia Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Zach Stednick
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Alex Morrison
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Susan Butler-Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Danielle Zerr
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Anqi Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Anna Wald
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Steven A Pergam
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ; Infection Prevention, Seattle, WA USA
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