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Thrombocytopenia and Therapeutic Strategies after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051364. [PMID: 35268455 PMCID: PMC8911458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a usual complication and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. New strategies, such as the use of another graft versus host-disease prophylaxis, alternative donors, and management of infections, have improved the survival of these patients. The mechanisms are unknown; therefore, the identification of new strategies to manage this potentially serious problem is needed. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are currently available to stimulate platelet production. Some small retrospective studies have reported their potential efficacy in an allogeneic stem cell transplant setting, confirming good tolerability. Recent studies with higher numbers of patients also support their safety and efficacy in this setting, hence establishing the use of these drugs as a promising strategy for this post-transplant complication. However, prospective trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Bento L, Bastida JM, García-Cadenas I, García-Torres E, Rivera D, Bosch-Vilaseca A, De Miguel C, Martínez-Muñoz ME, Fernández-Avilés F, Roldán E, Chinea A, Yáñez L, Zudaire T, Vaz CP, Espigado I, López J, Valcárcel D, Duarte R, Cabrera R, Herrera C, González-Porras JR, Gutiérrez A, Solano C, Sampol A. Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists for Severe Thrombocytopenia after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Experience of the Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:1825-1831. [PMID: 31152794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Persistent thrombocytopenia is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Romiplostim and eltrombopag are the currently available thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), and some studies with very small numbers of cases have reported their potential efficacy in the allo-SCT setting. The present retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of TPO-RAs in 86 patients with persistent thrombocytopenia after allo-HSCT. Sixteen patients (19%) had isolated thrombocytopenia (PT), and 71 (82%) had secondary failure of platelet recovery (SFPR). TPO-RA therapy was started at a median of 127 days (range, 27 to 1177 days) after allo-SCT. The median initial and maximum administered doses were 50 mg/day (range, 25 to 150 mg/day) and 75 mg/day (range, 25 to 150 mg/day), respectively, for eltrombopag and 1 µg/kg (range, 1 to 7 µg/kg) and 5 µg/kg (range, 1 to 10 µg/kg), respectively, for romiplostin. The median platelet count before initiation of TPO-RA therapy was 14,000/µL (range, 1000 to 57,000/µL). Platelet recovery to ≥50,000/µL without transfusion support was achieved in 72% of patients at a median time of 66 days (range, 2 to 247 days). Eighty-one percent of the patients had a decreased number of megakaryocytes before treatment, showing a slower response to therapy (P = .011). The median duration of treatment was 62 days (range, 7 to 700 days). Grade 3-4 adverse events (hepatic and asthenia) were observed in only 2% of the patients. At last follow-up, 81% of patients had discontinued TPO-RAs and maintained response, and 71% were alive. To our knowledge, this is the largest series analyzing the use of TPO-RAs after allo-SCT reported to date. Our results support the efficacy and safety in this new setting. Further prospective trials are needed to increase the level of evidence and to identify predictors of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Bento
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - José María Bastida
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Rivera
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Carlos De Miguel
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisa Roldán
- Hematology Department, Hospital Vall D'hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabelle Chinea
- Hematology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Yáñez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Teresa Zudaire
- Hematology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pinho Vaz
- Hematology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Oporto, Spain
| | | | - Javier López
- Hematology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Valcárcel
- Hematology Department, Hospital Vall D'hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Duarte
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrera
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gutiérrez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Sampol
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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