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Engelbrecht A, Gruffi L, Silver M, Lax Y. Initial Feeding Method, WIC-Provided Lactation Support, and Breastfeeding Duration at an Urban Pediatric Primary Care Practice. J Community Health 2024:10.1007/s10900-024-01371-4. [PMID: 39014149 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding (BF) is associated with improved maternal and infant health outcomes. However, underserved populations have limited access to lactation support. Our urban pediatric primary care practice partnered with WIC to integrate a BF peer counselor (BFPC) into newborn visits. To study the association of BF duration with (1) BFPC integration, (2) initial infant feeding methods (IFM). This is a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving BFPC support matched with those that did not based on race, ethnicity, and insurance. IFM were compared using chi-square. BF duration was compared using a t-test. These variables were compared across IFM using ANOVA. A cohort of 111 infant-mother dyads received BFPC support and 222 dyads did not (7/09/2019-4/25/2022). There was no significant difference in feeding methods between these groups. Compared to infants whose IFM was exclusive BF, fewer infants who initially used formula or both formula and breastmilk were exclusively BF at 2-month (55.8%, 8.2%, 10.9%), 4-month (54.8%, 6.3%, 14.5%), and 6-month visits (54.8%, 4.3%, 14.1%) (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between IFM and duration of any and exclusive BF (Formula only: 1 week; BF and Formula: 3 weeks; Exclusive BF: 14 weeks; p < 0.001). A significant association was found between IFM and duration of BF. Early formula introduction was negatively associated with BF duration. The prenatal period may therefore be optimal for initiating BF support. Although there was no association between BFPC and BF duration, additional benefits of this intervention should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Gruffi
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Yonit Lax
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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2
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Wagner L, Phillips CA. WIC Peer Counselors Support Breastfeeding Among WIC Participants. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:525-531. [PMID: 38712894 PMCID: PMC11181721 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241252547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, also known as WIC, is associated with improved health outcomes for participants. The role of WIC Peer Counselors was created to support breastfeeding among WIC participants. OBJECTIVE This Naturalistic Inquiry study explored the perceptions and experiences of 9 WIC Peer Counselors located in Southeast Texas. METHODS The WIC Peer Counselors were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling and participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data collection, analysis, and trustworthiness adhered to established guidelines. RESULTS Study findings revealed the novel approaches the WIC Peer Counselors used to encourage, initiate, support, and sustain WIC participants' breastfeeding, including using tools of their craft, involving and educating family members, making themselves accessible 24/7, and identifying the need for equipment and supplies. CONCLUSIONS The WIC Peer Counselors' understanding of the breastfeeding culture of their WIC clients and their unique ability to establish and maintain rapport with them make WIC Peer Counselors ideally suited resources to meet the WIC goal of increasing breastfeeding and thereby improving the health of the nation. Health care providers should recognize the valuable, yet unrecognized and underutilized, contributions of WIC Peer Counselors and consider referring pregnant and postpartum dyads to WIC for breastfeeding education and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wagner
- University of Texas Medical Branch School of Nursing, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Phillips
- University of Texas Medical Branch School of Nursing, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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Apanga PA, Christiansen EJ, Weber AM, Darrow LA, Riddle MS, Tung WC, Liu Y, Kohnen T, Garn JV. The role of state breastfeeding laws and programs on exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers in the special supplemental nutrition program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35752853 PMCID: PMC9233787 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear if state laws supporting breastfeeding are associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice among low-income mothers participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The main objectives of our study were to assess the relationship between such laws and EBF among WIC-participating mothers and to assess whether this association varied by employment status. We also assessed how mother’s exposure to WIC breastfeeding consultation was associated with EBF. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across seven WIC program locations (i.e., Georgia, Massachusetts, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Chickasaw Nation) between July–August 2020. Data were collected using convenient sampling from each program location and surveys were administered electronically or on paper to WIC-participating mothers. We restricted our analysis to data from 1161 WIC-participating mothers with infants aged zero to five months old. Multivariable mixed models were used to estimate the relationship between our exposures of interest (i.e., number of laws supporting breastfeeding, employment-related breastfeeding laws, WIC breastfeeding consultation) and EBF, while controlling for potential confounders and accounting for clustering by program location. Effect modification by employment status was assessed on the additive and multiplicative scales. Results Among WIC-participating mothers living in program locations with no employment-related breastfeeding laws, EBF was 26% less prevalent for employed mothers compared to unemployed mothers (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR]: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67,0.83). Among all mothers, a one-unit increase in laws supporting breastfeeding was not associated with EBF (aPR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71,1.10). However, among employed mothers, living in areas with more employment-related laws was associated with a higher prevalence of EBF (aPR: 1.43, 95% CI: 0.83, 2.44). Infants whose mothers received a WIC breastfeeding consultation had 33% higher prevalence of being exclusively breastfed compared to infants whose mothers did not receive a WIC breastfeeding consultation (aPR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05,1.70). Conclusions Infants whose WIC-participating mothers were employed, were less likely to be exclusively breastfed, but our effect modification analyses showed that laws supporting breastfeeding at the workplace may promote EBF among employed women. EBF was more prevalent among mothers who received a WIC breastfeeding consultation compared to those who did not receive such a consultation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00490-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschal A Apanga
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Christiansen
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Ann M Weber
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Lyndsey A Darrow
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Mark S Riddle
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Wei-Chen Tung
- The Valley Foundation of School of Nursing, San Jose State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Taya Kohnen
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA
| | - Joshua V Garn
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, SMS suite 102, NV, 89557, Reno, USA.
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Azimi N, Nasiri A. The effect of peer counseling on breastfeeding behavior of primiparous mothers: A randomized controlled field trial. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:446-452. [PMID: 31950527 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of peer counseling on breastfeeding behavior of primiparous mothers. DESIGN AND SAMPLE A randomized controlled field trial was conducted with 80 mother-child pairs, who referred to health centers in 2018. The samples were recruited via convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. MEASUREMENTS World Health Organization B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation form was used at baseline, immediately, 1, 2, and 3 months after the intervention. INTERVENTION The experimental group received support during the first 3 months after childbirth from 10 peers with successful breastfeeding experiences and similar characteristics to those of the participants, while the controls benefited from the routine education provided by their health centers. RESULTS Baseline breastfeeding behavior mean scores were not different in the two groups (p > .05). Mean score changes after the intervention were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at different time points, including immediately after the intervention (p < .001), 1 month (p < .001), 2 months (p < .001), and 3 months after the intervention (p < .001). CONCLUSION Use of peer counseling program to correct the breastfeeding behaviors of primiparous mothers can improve their performance of breastfeeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimeh Azimi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Determinants of Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among African American DC WIC Recipients: Perspectives of Recent Mothers. Womens Health Issues 2019; 29:513-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li K, Wen M, Reynolds M, Zhang Q. WIC Participation and Breastfeeding after the 2009 WIC Revision: A Propensity Score Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152645. [PMID: 31344937 PMCID: PMC6696206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the association between participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and breastfeeding outcomes before and after the 2009 revisions. Four-thousand-three-hundred-and-eight WIC-eligible children younger than 60 months were included from the 2005–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We compared two birth cohorts with regard to their associations between WIC participation and being ever-breastfed and breastfed at 6 months. We estimated the average effect of the treatment for the treated to assess the causal effect of WIC participation on breastfeeding based on propensity score matching. The results showed that WIC-eligible participating children born between 2000 and 2008 were significantly less likely than WIC-eligible nonparticipating children to ever receive breastfeeding (p < 0.05) or to be breastfed at 6 months (p < 0.05). Among children born between 2009 and 2014, WIC-eligible participating children were no longer less likely to ever receive breastfeeding compared to WIC-eligible nonparticipating children; the gap remained in breastfeeding at 6-months (p < 0.05). The disparities in prevalence of ever breastfed between WIC-eligible participants and nonparticipants have been eliminated since the 2009 WIC revision. More efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding persistence among WIC-participating mother–infant dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Li
- Department of Sociology, California State University-Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Megan Reynolds
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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Assibey-Mensah V, Suter B, Thevenet-Morrison K, Widanka H, Edmunds L, Sekhobo J, Dozier A. Effectiveness of Peer Counselor Support on Breastfeeding Outcomes in WIC-Enrolled Women. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:650-657. [PMID: 30981656 PMCID: PMC7135965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of different quantities and types of breastfeeding (BF) peer counselor (BFPC) support on BF outcomes in women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). DESIGN Secondary data analysis using BFPC data from an upstate New York county WIC (April 1, 2009 to March 30, 2011) merged with New York State Department of Health WIC surveillance data. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2,149 WIC-enrolled mothers with live singleton births who accepted a BFPC referral and received different quantities and types of BFPC support (telephone, in person, and mailings). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported BF initiation and duration at 30 days. ANALYSIS Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of BF outcomes at 30 days associated with different levels of BFPC support. RESULTS Mothers who accepted BFPC referrals and had at least 1 phone conversation or in-person contact had a significant 35% to 164% increased odds of positive BF outcomes. Mailings did not significantly improve outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children may need to identify barriers to BF duration and implement interventions in communities with low BF rates. Future studies may benefit from evaluating the impact of combined in-person support and phone contacts during the prenatal and postpartum periods on BF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Assibey-Mensah
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Barbara Suter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Holly Widanka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Lynn Edmunds
- Division of Nutrition, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Jackson Sekhobo
- Division of Nutrition, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Ann Dozier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Lau CYK, Lok KYW, Tarrant M. Breastfeeding Duration and the Theory of Planned Behavior and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Framework: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Matern Child Health J 2019; 22:327-342. [PMID: 29427014 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have shown that the constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) Framework can effectively identify relationships between maternal psychosocial factors and breastfeeding initiation. However, the ability of these theories to predict breastfeeding duration has not been adequately analyzed. The aim of the review was to examine the utility of the constructs of TRA/TPB and BSE to predict breastfeeding duration. Methods We conducted a literature search using Pubmed (1980-May 2015), Medline (1966-May 2015), CINAHL (1980-May 2015), EMBASE (1980-May 2015) and PsycINFO (1980-May 2015). We selected studies that were observational studies without randomization or blinding, using TRA, TPB or BSE as the framework for analysis. Only studies reporting on breastfeeding duration were included. Results Thirty studies were selected, which include four using TRA, 10 using TPB, 15 using BSE and one using a combination of TPB and BSE. Maternal intention and breastfeeding self-efficacy were found to be important predictors of breastfeeding duration. Inconsistent findings were found in assessing the relationship between maternal attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and breastfeeding duration. Discussion The inadequacy of these constructs in explaining breastfeeding duration indicates a need to further explore the role of maternal self-determination in breastfeeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y K Lau
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Kris Y W Lok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Marie Tarrant
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is known to be the most beneficial way of feeding infants, but 68% of the infants enrolled in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children are fully formula fed. Mandated annual reports about breastfeeding aggregate data from the states into regions, which obscures important information. RESEARCH AIM: The aim of this study is to reexamine the data supplied by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children to identify which areas of the United States have the lowest incidence of breastfeeding infants. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Data from the Breastfeeding Data Local Agency Report were extracted, graphed, and analyzed. RESULTS: Data provided from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children for fiscal year 2016 show that the range of fully formula fed infants at the regional level is 60% to 78%, while at the state level the range is wider, at 51% to 89%. The states with the largest numbers of fully formula fed infants were Mississippi (89%), Louisiana (88%), Alabama (88%), and Arkansas (87%). When examining data from all 90 reporting agencies, the range of fully formula fed infants was 38% to 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Aggregating state, Native American nation, and territorial data at the regional level resulted in a loss of important information. WIC's current breastfeeding interventions may be more effective in some areas than others. Future research can examine successful and unsuccessful interventions on a state or local level.
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Havens JME, Wines M. Screening for Mothers at Risk to Wean Early and Referral to a Lactation Support Person for Prolonging Breastfeeding. J Perinat Educ 2019; 28:51-60. [PMID: 31086475 PMCID: PMC6491151 DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.28.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This project trialed the breastfeeding control (BFC) scale of the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT) to identify mothers at high risk to wean early and to determine the effectiveness of a prenatal consult with a lactation support person on breastfeeding duration and intensity. Results indicated that mothers with lower scores on the BAPT-BFC scale showed a trend for decreased breastfeeding intensity at 8 weeks postpartum. Experimental and control groups had similar BAPT-BFC scores and breastfeeding intensity at 8 weeks. Overall, women who had low BAPT-BFC scores tended to be breastfeeding less at 8 weeks compared with mothers who scored very high. This finding would suggest the BAPT-BFC is a helpful tool for predicting breastfeeding success.
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Lee CHM, O'Leary J, Kirk P, Lower TA. Breastfeeding Outcomes in Washington State: Determining the Effect of Loving Support Peer Counseling Program and Characteristics of Participants at WIC Agencies. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:379-387.e1. [PMID: 29056310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determining the effect of the Loving Support Peer Counseling Program (LSPCP), and characteristics of participants on breastfeeding (BF) outcomes at Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) agencies in Washington State. DESIGN Nonrandomized treatment vs control. SETTING Public Health-Seattle and King County (PHSKC), Catholic Health Initiatives Franciscan Medical Group (CHIFMG). PARTICIPANTS Women enrolled in WIC (intervention: PHSKC, n = 15,290; CHIFMG, n = 3,582). INTERVENTIONS Clinics with a LSPCP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BF initiation and BF duration of all infants who turned 8 months old during the reported period. ANALYSIS Two-tailed binomial test and tree-based regression. RESULTS Both PHSKC and CHIFMG clinics with a LSPCP expressed significant (P < .001) improvement in BF initiation and BF duration for >6 months. The likelihood that women enrolled in WIC would initiate BF at PHSKC clinics increased by 3%, whereas those in CHIFMG clinics increased by 6.8%. Women receiving services in smaller PHSKC clinics (n < 60 women) were likely to breastfeed their infants at >1 week. The proportionalities of non-Hispanic and black participants in PHSKC clinics were the primary and secondary predictors of the likelihood of BF discontinuing between 7 and 28 days' duration. In addition, clinics serving participants who spoke Tigrigna had increased rates of BF for a minimum of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings may be used to reevaluate funding allocations, secure grants to reduce program constraints to stabilize LSPCP, develop strategies to reduce BF cessation at larger clinics, and improve peer counseling and other BF support to black and non-Hispanic women in the early postpartum period. The findings contribute to the study of the effects of LSPCP on BF initiation and duration while furthering a scholarly understanding of the way in which the WIC program interacts with participant characteristics at 2 local WIC agencies in Washington State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hui Min Lee
- Forecasting and Research Division, Washington State Office of Financial Management, Olympia, WA.
| | - Jean O'Leary
- Prevention and Community Health Division, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA
| | - Phyllis Kirk
- Prevention and Community Health Division, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA
| | - Timothy A Lower
- Prevention and Community Health Division, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA
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Bennett CF, Galloway C, Grassley JS. Education for WIC Peer Counselors About Breastfeeding the Late Preterm Infant. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:198-202.e1. [PMID: 28818488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.05.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mothers of late preterm infants need ongoing support because they often find establishing breastfeeding (BF) to be complex and difficult. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children peer counselors provide BF information and emotional support to new mothers in many communities. However, their current training does not include education about BF for the late preterm infant. The purpose of this report is to present important information about BF and the late preterm infant that can enhance peer counselors' ability to offer appropriate support. The effect of this education on outcomes such as BF rates, maternal self-efficacy, infant hospital readmissions, and peer counselors' self-efficacy needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindi Faith Bennett
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Luke's Health System, Boise, ID; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, ID.
| | - Cynthia Galloway
- Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Division of Preventive Health Services, Central District Health Department, Boise, ID
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A Community Partnership to Support Breastfeeding Mothers of Late Preterm Infants. Nurs Womens Health 2017; 21:274-282. [PMID: 28784208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mothers of late preterm infants need timely breastfeeding support after hospital discharge. Breastfeeding peer counselors with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) can provide this support, but communication with hospitals is needed to facilitate early contact with women. We aimed to develop and implement a sustainable organizational process that would expedite support by providing WIC peer counselors access to mothers of late preterm infants before hospital discharge. Key strategies included creating a workable process; addressing barriers and stakeholder concerns; planning a pilot program to test the process; and inviting the WIC breastfeeding peer counselors to tour the hospital, meet nursing staff, and practice scripting their initial encounter with mothers. The organizational pathway currently is being implemented throughout the health system.
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Houghtaling B, Shanks CB, Jenkins M. Likelihood of Breastfeeding Within the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Population. J Hum Lact 2017; 33:83-97. [PMID: 28135478 PMCID: PMC5366039 DOI: 10.1177/0890334416679619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is an important public health initiative. Low-income women benefiting from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are a prime population for breastfeeding promotion efforts. Research aim: This study aims to determine factors associated with increased likelihood of breastfeeding for WIC participants. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guided the systematic review of literature. Database searches occurred in September and October 2014 and included studies limited to the previous 10 years. The following search terms were used: low-income; WIC; women, infants, and children; breastfeeding; breast milk; and maternal and child health. The criterion for inclusion was a study sample of women and children enrolled in the WIC program, thereby excluding non-United States-based research. RESULTS Factors that increased the likelihood of breastfeeding for WIC participants included sociodemographic and health characteristics ( n = 17); environmental and media support ( n = 4); government policy ( n = 2); intention to breastfeed, breastfeeding in hospital, or previous breastfeeding experience ( n = 9); attitudes toward and knowledge of breastfeeding benefits ( n = 6); health care provider or social support; and time exposure to WIC services ( n = 5). CONCLUSION The complexity of breastfeeding behaviors within this population is clear. Results provide multisectored insight for future research, policies, and practices in support of increasing breastfeeding rates among WIC participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Houghtaling
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Carmen Byker Shanks
- Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Does breast-feeding reduce offspring junk food consumption during childhood? Examinations by socio-economic status and race/ethnicity. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:1441-1451. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether breast-feeding duration and socio-economic status (SES) interact to predict junk food consumption among offspring and whether the interaction differs across racial/ethnic groups.DesignSurvey research using a longitudinal panel design. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data.SettingIn-home interviews with the child’s parents over a 5-year period across the USA.SubjectsApproximately 10 000 American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B).ResultsThe findings revealed that longer breast-feeding durations correspond to lower levels of junk food consumption, but that this relationship emerges consistently only among low-SES blacks.ConclusionsEfforts to promote breast-feeding among low-SES black women may have the added benefit of reducing their children’s junk food intake, and may thereby promote their general health and well-being. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms by which breast-feeding might benefit the dietary habits of low-SES black children.
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Predictors of Obesity in a Cohort of Children Enrolled in WIC as Infants and Retained to 3 Years of Age. J Community Health 2016; 41:127-33. [PMID: 26280211 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study of children enrolled as infants in the New York State (NYS) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) examined predictors of obesity (body mass index ≥ 95th percentile) at 3 years of age. NYS WIC administrative data which included information from parent interviews and measured heights and weights for children were used. All 50,589 children enrolled as infants in WIC between July to December 2008 and July to December 2009 and retained in WIC through age three were included. At 3 years of age, 15.1% of children were obese. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that children of mothers who received the Full Breastfeeding Food Package when their infant was enrolled in WIC (adjusted OR = 0.52) and children with ≤2 h screen time daily at age 3 (adjusted OR = 0.88) were significantly less likely to be obese (p < 0.001) controlling for race/ethnicity, birth weight, and birthplace. In this cohort of NYS WIC participants, maternal receipt of the Full Breastfeeding Food Package (a surrogate measure of exclusive breastfeeding) is associated with lower levels of obesity in their children at age 3. The relationships between participation in WIC, exclusive breastfeeding, and obesity prevention merit further study.
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Robinson K, VandeVusse L, Foster J. Reactions of Low-Income African American Women to Breastfeeding Peer Counselors. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2015; 45:62-70. [PMID: 26815799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of breastfeeding peer counseling on the breastfeeding experiences of African American mothers who participated in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). DESIGN Qualitative study using focus groups. SETTING Two WIC clinics in Southeast Wisconsin were used for recruitment and data collection. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of nine African American mothers participated in one of two focus groups. METHODS The women responded to a series of open-ended questions about their breastfeeding experiences and the effect of breastfeeding peer counselors (BPCs). Content and thematic analyses were used to analyze patterns related to the influence of BPCs on breastfeeding. RESULTS Four themes were categorized: Educating With Truth, Validating for Confidence, Countering Others' Negativity, and Supporting With Solutions. Mothers in this study expressed positive reactions to educational, emotional, and social support from BPCs. The mothers noted that the contact they had with BPCs had a direct positive influence on their breastfeeding experiences. However, the contact from BPCs varied between the two WIC clinics. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the positive effects of BPCs on breastfeeding experiences among African American WIC participants. Findings from this study can guide future explorations using BPCs. Interventions are needed to develop standardized guidelines to bring about homogeneity of, better access to, and greater use of BPCs.
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