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Maashi T, Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, Johansen ML, Grafova I, de Cordova PB. Factors contributing to nurses' intent to leave during COVID-19. Res Nurs Health 2024; 47:573-581. [PMID: 38940259 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
To examine the association between demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race, age, and years of experience), burnout, and nurses' intent to leave their jobs during the first wave of COVID-19 in New Jersey. COVID-19 has exacerbated burnout and intent to leave among acute care nurses. Nonetheless, little is known about demographic factors contributing to nurses' desire to leave their jobs. A cross-sectional survey of actively licensed registered nurses who provided direct patient care in an acute care hospital in New Jersey during COVID-19. Among 2760 nurses, those who reported burnout were 4.78 times more likely to report intent to leave their job within 1 year as compared to nurses who did not report burnout. Black RNs were 2.06 times more likely to report intent to leave as compared to White RNs. Older nurses (aged 40-49) were 36% less likely to report intent to leave as compared to younger nurses (aged 21-29). RNs with 30 years of experience or more were 58% less likely to report intent to leave as compared to RNs with less than 5 years of experience. In addition, Black RNs with 6-12 years of experience were 2.07 times more likely to report intent to leave as compared to White RNs with less than 5 years of experience. Nurses' intent to leave during the first wave of the pandemic was influenced by burnout, race, age, and years of experience. Based on the results of the current study, Black nurses were more likely to report intent to leave their job within 1 year as compared to White RNs. Nurses' intention to leave is one of the most important global issues facing the healthcare system. Findings of the current study demonstrate that burnout, race, age, and years of experience are significant predictors of nurses' intent to leave their jobs. Therefore, organizations should prioritize strategies to reduce burnout and create diverse and inclusive work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Maashi
- School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Mary L Johansen
- Division of Nursing Science-School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Irina Grafova
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pamela B de Cordova
- Division of Nursing Science-School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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2
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Nguyen KH, Buckle-Rashid R, Thorsness R, Agbai CO, Crews DC, Trivedi AN. Structural Racism, Historical Redlining, and Incidence of Kidney Failure in US Cities, 2012-2019. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1493-1503. [PMID: 37303086 PMCID: PMC10482063 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Residing in neighborhoods designated as grade D (hazardous) by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) under historical redlining-a discriminatory housing policy beginning in the 1930s-has been associated with present-day adverse health outcomes such as diabetes mortality. Historical redlining might underlie conditions in present-day neighborhoods that contribute to inequitable rates of kidney failure incidence, particularly for Black individuals, but its association with kidney disease is unknown. The authors found that among adults with incident kidney failure living in 141 metropolitan areas, residence in a historically redlined neighborhood rated grade D was associated with significantly higher kidney failure incidence rates compared with residence in a redlined grade A (best) neighborhood. These findings suggest that historical racist policies continue to affect current-day racial inequities in kidney health. BACKGROUND Historical redlining was a 1930s federally sponsored housing policy that permitted the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) to develop color-coded maps and grade neighborhoods' mortgage lending risk on the basis of characteristics that included racial makeup. This practice has been associated with present-day health disparities. Racial inequities in kidney disease-particularly for Black individuals-have been linked to residential segregation and other structural inequities. METHODS Using a registry of people with incident kidney failure and digitized HOLC maps, we examined the association between residence in a historically redlined US census tract (CT) with a historical HOLC grade of D or hazardous) and present-day annual CT-level incidence of kidney failure incidence among adults in 141 US metropolitan areas, in 2012 through 2019. RESULTS Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted kidney failure incidence rates were significantly higher in CTs with a historical HOLC grade D compared with CTs with a historical HOLC grade of A or best (mean, 740.7 per million versus 326.5 per million, respectively, a difference of 414.1 per million). Compared with national averages of all adults in our sample, rates of kidney failure incidence were higher for Black adults in our study sample, irrespective of CT HOLC grade. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rates for Black persons in CTs with a HOLC grade D were significantly higher than for Black persons residing in HOLC grade A CTs (mean, 1227.1 per million versus 1030.5 per million, respectively [a difference of 196.6 per million]). CONCLUSIONS Historical redlining is associated with present-day disparities in kidney failure incidence, demonstrating the legacy of historical racist policies on contemporary racial inequities in kidney health. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2023_08_24_JASN0000000000000165.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Nguyen
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rachel Buckle-Rashid
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rebecca Thorsness
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Veterans Affairs New England Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | | | - Deidra C. Crews
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amal N. Trivedi
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
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Anderson KF, Wolski C. Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation, Neighborhood Health Care Provision, and Choice of Pediatric Health Care Provider Across the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01766-4. [PMID: 37624536 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been conducted that demonstrates a link between racial/ethnic residential segregation and health care outcomes. We suggest that minority segregated neighborhoods may have diminished access to organizations and that this differential access may contribute to differences in health care outcomes across communities. We analyze this specifically using the case of pediatric health care provider choice. To examine this association, we estimate a series of multinomial logistic regression models using restricted data with ZIP code level geoidentifiers from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). We find that racial/ethnic residential segregation is related to a greater reliance on non-ideal forms of health care, such as clinics, and hospital outpatient departments, instead of pediatric physician's offices. This association is at least partially attenuated by the distribution of health care facilities in the local area, physician's offices, and health care practitioners in particular. Additionally, families express greater dissatisfaction with these other forms of care compared to physician's offices, demonstrating that the lack of adequate health care provision is meaningful for health care outcomes. This study expands the literature by examining how the siting of health organizations has consequences for individuals residing within these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Freeman Anderson
- Department of Sociology, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, PGH Building, Room 450, Houston, TX, 77204-3012, USA.
| | - Caroline Wolski
- Department of Sociology, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, PGH Building, Room 450, Houston, TX, 77204-3012, USA
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Han G, Bohmart A, Shaaban H, Mages K, Jedlicka C, Zhang Y, Steel P. Emergency Department Utilization Among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Kidney Med 2021; 4:100391. [PMID: 35243303 PMCID: PMC8861946 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Address for Correspondence: Gregory Han, BA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065.
| | - Andrew Bohmart
- The Rogosin Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Heba Shaaban
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Keith Mages
- Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Caroline Jedlicka
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yiye Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Peter Steel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Nguyen KH, Thorsness R, Swaminathan S, Mehrotra R, Patzer RE, Lee Y, Kim D, Rivera-Hernandez M, Trivedi AN. Despite National Declines In Kidney Failure Incidence, Disparities Widened Between Low- And High-Poverty US Counties. Health Aff (Millwood) 2021; 40:1900-1908. [PMID: 34871085 PMCID: PMC10076227 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
National estimates suggest that kidney failure incidence is declining in the US. However, whether this trend is evident in areas with socioeconomic disadvantage is unknown. We examined trends in kidney failure incidence by county-level poverty between 2000 and 2017 and divided the study period into period 1 (2000-05), period 2 (2006-11), and period 3 (2012-17). The magnitude of disparity in kidney failure incidence between high- and low-poverty counties increased from 42.8 more incident cases per million in high-poverty counties in period 1 to 100.1 more in period 3. Despite a national decline, kidney failure incidence increased in high-poverty counties, and disparities between high- and low-poverty counties widened from 2000 to 2017. Achieving the Department of Health and Human Services objective of reducing incident kidney failure cases by 25 percent by 2030 will require focused attention on preventing kidney failure in counties with higher poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Nguyen
- Kevin H. Nguyen is an investigator in the Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, in Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rebecca Thorsness
- Rebecca Thorsness is a research associate in the Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, and a fellow in the Veterans Affairs New England Healthcare System, in Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Shailender Swaminathan
- Shailender Swaminathan is a professor of economics and the dean of the Division of Social Sciences at Sai University, in Chennai, India
| | - Rajnish Mehrotra
- Rajnish Mehrotra is the David S. and Nayda Utterberg Endowed Professor and interim head of the Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, in Seattle, Washington
| | - Rachel E Patzer
- Rachel E. Patzer is a professor in the Department of Surgery and the Department of Epidemiology at the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and director of the Health Services Research Center at the Emory University School of Medicine, in Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Yoojin Lee is a biostatistician in the Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Daeho Kim
- Daeho Kim is an adjunct assistant professor in the Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez
- Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez is an assistant professor in the Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Amal N Trivedi
- Amal N. Trivedi is a professor in the Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, and a research health scientist at the Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, in Providence, Rhode Island
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Meyering SH, Schrader CD, Kumar D, Zhou Y, Alanis N, Shaikh S, Cheeti R, Smiley R, Iloma C, Wang H. Role of HEART score in evaluating clinical outcomes among emergency department patients with different ethnicities. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211010638. [PMID: 33926275 PMCID: PMC8113935 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211010638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to examine the role of the HEART (history, EKG, age, risk factors,
and troponin) score in the evaluation of six clinical outcomes among three
groups of patients in the emergency department (ED). Methods We performed a retrospective observational study among three ED patient
groups including White, Black, and Hispanic patients. ED providers used the
HEART score to assess the need for patient hospital admission and for
emergent cardiac imaging tests (CITs). HEART scores were measured using
classification accuracy rates. Performance accuracies were measured in terms
of HEART score in relation to four clinical outcomes (positive findings of
CITs, ED returns, hospital readmissions, and 30-day major adverse cardiac
events [MACE]). Results A high classification accuracy rate (87%) was found for use of the HEART
score to determine hospital admission. HEART scores showed moderate accuracy
(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.66–0.78) in
predicting results of emergent CITs, 30-day hospital readmissions, and
30-day MACE outcomes. Conclusions Providers adhered to use of the HEART score to determine hospital admission.
The HEART score may be associated with emergent CIT findings, 30-day
hospital readmissions, and 30-day MACE outcomes, with no differences among
White, Black, and Hispanic patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H Meyering
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chet D Schrader
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Darren Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 701 S. Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Naomi Alanis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sajid Shaikh
- Department of Information Technology, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Radhika Cheeti
- Department of Information Technology, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Smiley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chukwuagozie Iloma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Yang TC, Park K, Matthews SA. Racial/ethnic segregation and health disparities: Future directions and opportunities. SOCIOLOGY COMPASS 2020; 14:e12794. [PMID: 32655686 PMCID: PMC7351362 DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Health researchers have investigated the association between racial segregation and racial health disparities with multilevel approaches. This study systematically reviews these multilevel studies and identifies broad trends and potential directions for future research on racial segregation and health disparities in the US. After searching databases including CINAHL and MEDLINE, we identified and systematically reviewed 66 articles published between 2003 and 2019 and found four major gaps in racial/ethnic segregation and health disparities: (a) the concept of segregation was rarely operationalized at the neighborhood level, (b) except for the evenness and exposure dimension, other dimensions of segregation are overlooked, (c) little attention was paid to the segregation between whites and non-black minorities, particularly Hispanics and Asians, and (d) mental health outcomes were largely absent. Future directions and opportunities include: First, other segregation dimensions should be explored. Second, the spatial scales for segregation measures should be clarified. Third, the theoretical frameworks for black and non-black minorities should be tested. Fourth, mental health, substance use, and the use of mental health care should be examined. Fifth, the long-term health effect of segregation has to be investigated, and finally, other competing explanations for why segregation matters at the neighborhood level should be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chuan Yang
- Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 315 AS, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Kiwoong Park
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Arkansas, 211 Old Main, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Stephen A Matthews
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802
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