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Alsadi N, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Mueller R, Cuenin C, Chung F, Herceg Z, Matar C. Protective Mechanisms of Polyphenol-Enriched Blueberry Preparation in Preventing Inflammation in the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage in an Animal Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 38275645 PMCID: PMC10812677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
UVB significantly impacts the occurrence of cutaneous disorders, ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic diseases. Polyphenols derived from plants have been found to exhibit photoprotective effects against various factors that contribute to skin cancer. During the fermentation of the polyphenol-enriched blueberry preparation (PEBP), small oligomers of polyphenols were released, thus enhancing their photoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PEBP on UVB-induced skin inflammation. Topical preparations of polyphenols were applied to the skin of dorsally shaved mice. Mice were subsequently exposed to UVB and were sacrificed 90 min after UVB exposure. This study revealed that pretreatment with PEBP significantly inhibited UVB-induced recruitment of mast and neutrophil cells and prevented the loss of skin thickness. Furthermore, the findings show that PEBP treatment resulted in the downregulation of miR-210, 146a, and 155 and the upregulation of miR-200c and miR-205 compared to the UVB-irradiated mice. Additionally, PEBP was found to reduce the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, inhibiting COX-2 and increasing IL-10 after UVB exposure. Moreover, DNA methylation analysis indicated that PEBP might potentially reduce the activation of inflammation-related pathways such as MAPK, Wnt, Notch, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Our finding suggests that topical application of PEBP treatment may effectively prevent UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Rudolf Mueller
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Felicia Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Bender M, Chen IP, Henning S, Degenhardt S, Mhamdi-Ghodbani M, Starzonek C, Volkmer B, Greinert R. Knockdown of Simulated-Solar-Radiation-Sensitive miR-205-5p Does Not Induce Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16428. [PMID: 38003618 PMCID: PMC10671527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation is the main risk factor for cSCC development, yet it is unclear whether the progression of cSCC is promoted by solar radiation in the same way as initial tumorigenesis. Additionally, the role of miRNAs, which exert crucial functions in various tumors, needs to be further elucidated in the context of cSCC progression and connection to solar radiation. Thus, we chronically irradiated five cSCC cell lines (Met-1, Met-4, SCC-12, SCC-13, SCL-II) with a custom-built irradiation device mimicking the solar spectrum (UVB, UVA, visible light (VIS), and near-infrared (IRA)). Subsequently, miRNA expression of 51 cancer-associated miRNAs was scrutinized using a flow cytometric multiplex quantification assay (FirePlex®, Abcam). In total, nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in cell-type-specific as well as universal manners. miR-205-5p was the only miRNA downregulated after SSR-irradiation in agreement with previously gathered data in tissue samples. However, inhibition of miR-205-5p with an antagomir did not affect cell cycle, cell growth, apoptosis, or migration in vitro despite transient upregulation of oncogenic target genes after miR-205-5p knockdown. These results render miR-205-5p an unlikely intracellular effector in cSCC progression. Thus, effects on intercellular communication in cSCC or the simultaneous examination of complementary miRNA sets should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rüdiger Greinert
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Kliniken Stade-Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany; (M.B.); (I.-P.C.); (S.H.); (M.M.-G.); (C.S.); (B.V.)
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Piipponen M, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. Long non-coding RNAs in cutaneous biology and keratinocyte carcinomas. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4601-4614. [PMID: 32462404 PMCID: PMC7599158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a largely uncharacterized group of non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory roles in various biological processes. Recent observations have elucidated the functional roles of lncRNAs in cutaneous biology, e.g. in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and in cutaneous wound repair. Furthermore, the role of lncRNAs in keratinocyte-derived skin cancers is emerging, especially in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which presents a significant burden to health care services worldwide and causes high mortality as metastatic disease. Elucidation of the functions of keratinocyte-specific lncRNAs will improve understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of epidermal disorders and skin cancers and can be exploited in development of new diagnostic and therapeutic applications for keratinocyte carcinomas. In this review, we summarize the current evidence of functionally important lncRNAs in cutaneous biology and in keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Chen LP, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen QX, Lin TS, Liu ZQ, Zhou YY. Robust analysis of novel mRNA-lncRNA cross talk based on ceRNA hypothesis uncovers carcinogenic mechanism and promotes diagnostic accuracy in esophageal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:347-358. [PMID: 30643460 PMCID: PMC6312067 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s183310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ceRNAs have emerged as pivotal players in the regulation of gene expression and play a crucial role in the physiology and development of various cancers. Nevertheless, the function and underlying mechanisms of ceRNAs in esophageal cancer (EC) are still largely unknown. Methods In this study, profiles of DEmRNAs, DElncRNAs, and DEmiRNAs between normal and EC tumor tissue samples were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database using the DESeq package in R by setting the adjusted P<0.05 and |log2(fold change)|>2 as the cutoff. The ceRNA network (ceRNet) was initially constructed to reveal the interaction of these ceRNAs during carcinogenesis based on the bioinformatics of miRcode, miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan. Then, independent microarray data of GSE6188, GSE89102, and GSE92396 and correlation analysis were used to validate molecular biomarkers in the initial ceRNet. Finally, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model was built using an oncogenic ceRNet to diagnose EC more accurately. Results We successfully constructed an oncogenic ceRNet of EC, crosstalk of hsa-miR372-centered CADM2-ADAMTS9-AS2 and hsa-miR145-centered SERPINE1-PVT1. In addition, the risk-score model -0.0053*log2(CADM2)+0.0168*log2(SERPINE1)-0.0073*log2(ADAMTS9-AS2)+0.0905*log2(PVT1)+0.0047*log2(hsa-miR372)-0.0193*log2(hsa-miR145), (log2[gene count]) could improve diagnosis of EC with an AUC of 0.988. Conclusion We identified two novel pairs of ceRNAs in EC and its role of diagnosis. The pairs of hsa-miR372-centered CADM2-ADAMTS9-AS2 and hsa-miR145-centered SERPINE1-PVT1 were likely potential carcinogenic mechanisms of EC, and their joint detection could improve diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China, .,Chemical Biology Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Tie-Su Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zong-Qin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China,
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Detection of a MicroRNA molecular signature of ultraviolet radiation in the superficial regions of melanocytic nevi on sun-exposed skin. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1744-1755. [PMID: 29955145 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How melanocytes transform into melanoma cells remains largely unknown. However, prolonged ultraviolet radiation exposure is linked with melanoma, and the DNA of melanomas arising in chronically sun-exposed skin is characterized by an elevated number of pyrimidine transitions, mainly C>T (predominantly caused by ultraviolet B), and transversions of GC>TA or AT>CG (caused by ultraviolet A over indirect mechanisms). Since ultraviolet penetrates mostly only the superficial dermis, we sought to determine the extent to which superficial and deep melanocytes of nevi in sun-exposed skin differ in their miRNA expression and consider the changes as likely secondary to ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. The differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed for known potential oncomiRs or linked to potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Superficial and deep melanocytes were microdissected from the nevi of 14 patients. The suspensions were processed for hybridization to a ribonucleotide protection system with 2280 total probes, including 2256 miRNA probes targeting 2083 human miRNAs. A comprehensive analysis of all human miRNAs registered in miRBase 11.0 was performed using the HTG Molecular Diagnostic database. Statistical analysis of these data yielded for 14 samples a statistically relevant profile of 39 miRNA species at FDR<0.1 that were differentially expressed between superficial and deep melanocytes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis based on the expression data of these 39 miRNAs suggested the gene transcripts AR, MDM2, SMAD2/3, and YBX1 as the most probable miRNA targets, which were validated at the protein level. Our findings suggest that superficial ultraviolet radiation-damaged melanocytes can be differentiated from deep melanocytes on the basis of the expression of 39 miRNAs, the most probable gene transcript and protein targets of which are AR, MDM2, SMAD2/3, and YBX1, with YBX1 expression validating the best the molecular signature in immunohistochemical analysis.
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Hernando B, Peña-Chilet M, Ibarrola-Villava M, Martin-Gonzalez M, Gomez-Fernandez C, Ribas G, Martinez-Cadenas C. Genetic 3'UTR variation is associated with human pigmentation characteristics and sensitivity to sunlight. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:896-903. [PMID: 28266728 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure induces signalling pathways leading to the activation of melanin synthesis and tanning response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of genes involved in pigmentation pathways by binding to the complementary sequence in their 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Therefore, 3'UTR SNPs are predicted to modify the ability of miRNAs to target genes, resulting in differential gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role in pigmentation and sun-sensitivity traits, as well as in melanoma susceptibility, of 38 different 3'UTR SNPs from 38 pigmentation-related genes. A total of 869 individuals of Spanish origin (526 melanoma cases and 343 controls) were analysed. The association of genotypic data with pigmentation traits was analysed via logistic regression. Web-based tools for predicting the effect of genetic variants in microRNA-binding sites in 3'UTR gene regions were also used. Seven 3'UTR SNPs showed a potential implication in melanoma risk phenotypes. This association is especially noticeable for two of them, rs2325813 in the MLPH gene and rs752107 in the WNT3A gene. These two SNPs were predicted to disrupt a miRNA-binding site and to impact on miRNA-mRNA interaction. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these two 3'UTR SNPs have been associated with sun-sensitivity traits. We state the potential implication of these SNPs in human pigmentation and sensitivity to sunlight, possibly as a result of changes in the level of gene expression through the disruption of putative miRNA-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hernando
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Network Centre for Biomedical Cancer Research (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maider Ibarrola-Villava
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Network Centre for Biomedical Cancer Research (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Gloria Ribas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Network Centre for Biomedical Cancer Research (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
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Ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is linked to the development of cutaneous SCC, modulates differential epidermal microRNAs expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17945-56. [PMID: 26918454 PMCID: PMC4951262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is linked to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a non-melanoma form of skin cancer that can metastasize. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is linked to UVR-induced development of SCC. To find clues about the mechanisms by which TNFα may promote UVR-induced development of SCC, we investigated changes in the expression profiling of microRNAs (miRNA), a novel class of short noncoding RNAs, which affects translation and stability of mRNAs. In this experiment, TNFα knockout (TNFα KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates were exposed to acute UVR (2.0 kJ/m2) and the expression profiling of epidermal miRNA was determined 4hr post UVR exposure. TNFα deletion in untreated WT mice resulted in differential expression (log fold change>1) of seventeen miRNA. UVR exposure in WT mice induced differential expression of 22 miRNA. However, UVR exposure in TNFα KO mice altered only two miRNAs. Four miRNA, were differentially expressed between WT+UVR and TNFα KO+UVR groups. Differentially expressed selected miRNAs were further validated using real time PCR. Few of the differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-31-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-206-3p, miR-411-5p, miR-709, and miR-322-5p) were also observed in UVR-induced SCC. Finally, bio-informatics analysis using DIANA, MIRANDA, Target Scan, and miRDB algorithms revealed a link with major UVR-induced pathways (MAPK, PI3K-Akt, transcriptional mis-regulation, Wnt, and TGF-beta).
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Toll A, Salgado R, Espinet B, Díaz-Lagares A, Hernández-Ruiz E, Andrades E, Sandoval J, Esteller M, Pujol RM, Hernández-Muñoz I. MiR-204 silencing in intraepithelial to invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 27457246 PMCID: PMC4960761 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and frequently progresses from an actinic keratosis (AK), a sun-induced keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia (KIN). Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the phenomenon of progression from AK to cSCC remain to be elicited. Methods Expression of microRNAs in sun-exposed skin, AK and cSCC was analysed by Agilent microarrays. DNA methylation of miR-204 promoter was determined by bisulphite treatment and pyrosequencing. Identification of miR-204 targets and pathways was accomplished in HaCat cells. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze STAT3 activation and PTPN11 expression in human biopsies. Results cSCCs display a marked downregulation of miR-204 expression when compared to AK. DNA methylation of miR-204 promoter was identified as one of the repressive mechanisms that accounts for miR-204 silencing in cSCC. In HaCaT cells miR-204 inhibits STAT3 and favours the MAPK signaling pathway, likely acting through PTPN11, a nuclear tyrosine phosphatase that is a direct miR-204 target. In non-peritumoral AK lesions, activated STAT3, as detected by pY705-STAT3 immunofluorescence, is retained in the membrane and cytoplasm compartments, whereas AK lesions adjacent to cSCCs display activated STAT3 in the nuclei. Conclusions Our data suggest that miR-204 may act as a “rheostat” that controls the signalling towards the MAPK pathway or the STAT3 pathway in the progression from AK to cSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0537-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustí Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rocío Salgado
- Cytogenetics Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Cytogenetics Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Díaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Evelyn Andrades
- Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramón M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Hernández-Muñoz
- Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
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Sand M, Bechara FG, Gambichler T, Sand D, Bromba M, Hahn SA, Stockfleth E, Hessam S. Circular RNA expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:210-8. [PMID: 27298156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CircularRNAs (circRNAs) are a reinvented class of abundant, stable, and evolutionary conserved non-coding RNAs with pivotal impacts on the cellular regulatory network and epigenetics by sequestering microRNAs (miRNAs) like a sponge. OBJECTIVE Purpose of the present study was to investigate circRNA expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). METHODS A total of six cSCC and six non-lesional skin (control) biopsies were harvested. Microarray based circRNA expression was determined in the cSCC (n=3) and compared with the non-lesional skin (n=3) from a group of 13,617 distinct human circRNAs found in the Arraystar circRNA Array V2.0 (Arraystar, Rockville, USA). Microarray data were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a separate group (cSCC, n=3 and non-lesional skin, n=3). miRNA binding to miRNA response elements (MREs) sequence data were acquired bioinformatically. Further data mining was performed to identify circRNAs containing MRE sequences that interacted with previously described miRNAs playing a role in cSCC formation. RESULTS A total of 322 circRNAs (143 up- and 179 down-regulated; fold change ≥2 and p<0.05) were identified as differentially expressed in cSCC. Furthermore, we identified a total of 1603 MREs that were part of the differentially expressed circRNAs. Among those circRNAs, a complementary MRE sequence was identified in 23 miRNAs previously known to be cSCC relevant. CONCLUSION This study showed that circRNAs are differentially expressed in cSCC and play an important role in tumor formation by interfering with cSCC relevant miRNAs through miRNA sequence complementary MREs participating in epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sand
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum 44791 Bochum, Germany; Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany.
| | - Falk G Bechara
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Sand
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Michael Bromba
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus University of Bochum, Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Labor für Molekulare Gastroenterologische Onkologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Schapoor Hessam
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Melnik BC. MiR-21: an environmental driver of malignant melanoma? J Transl Med 2015; 13:202. [PMID: 26116372 PMCID: PMC4482047 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-1950’s, melanoma incidence has been rising steadily in industrialized Caucasian populations, thereby pointing to the pivotal involvement of environmental factors in melanomagenesis. Recent evidence underlines the crucial role of microRNA (miR) signaling in cancer initiation and progression. Increased miR-21 expression has been observed during the transition from a benign melanocytic lesion to malignant melanoma, exhibiting highest expression of miR-21. Notably, common BRAF and NRAS mutations in cutaneous melanoma are associated with increased miR-21 expression. MiR-21 is an oncomiR that affects critical target genes of malignant melanoma, resulting in sustained proliferation (PTEN, PI3K, Sprouty, PDCD4, FOXO1, TIPE2, p53, cyclin D1), evasion from apoptosis (FOXO1, FBXO11, APAF1, TIMP3, TIPE2), genetic instability (MSH2, FBXO11, hTERT), increased oxidative stress (FOXO1), angiogenesis (PTEN, HIF1α, TIMP3), invasion and metastasis (APAF1, PTEN, PDCD4, TIMP3). The purpose of this review is to provide translational evidence for major environmental and individual factors that increase the risk of melanoma, such as UV irradiation, chemical noxes, air pollution, smoking, chronic inflammation, Western nutrition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and higher age, which are associated with increased miR-21 signaling. Exosomal miR-21 induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli may be superimposed on mutation-induced miR-21 pathways of melanoma cells. Thus, oncogenic miR-21 signaling may be the converging point of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli driving melanomagenesis. Future strategies of melanoma treatment and prevention should thus aim at reducing the burden of miR-21 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany.
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