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Tissier RC, Rigaud B, Thureau P, Huix-Rotllant M, Jaber M, Ferré N. Stressing the differences in alizarin and purpurin dyes through UV-visible light absorption and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19452-19462. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00520d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three anthraquinone-based chromophores (9,10-anthraquinone, alizarin, purpurin) are compared from the point of view of their experimental and computed NMR and UV-visible light absorption spectra. Using an hybrid (explicit/implicit) solvent model,...
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Cárdenas G, Nogueira JJ. Stacking Effects on Anthraquinone/DNA Charge-Transfer Electronically Excited States. Molecules 2020; 25:E5927. [PMID: 33333751 PMCID: PMC7765225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of more efficient photosensitizers is a matter of great importance in the field of cancer treatment by means of photodynamic therapy. One of the main processes involved in the activation of apoptosis in cancer cells is the oxidative stress on DNA once a photosensitizer is excited by light. As a consequence, it is very relevant to investigate in detail the binding modes of the chromophore with DNA, and the nature of the electronically excited states that participate in the induction of DNA damage, for example, charge-transfer states. In this work, we investigate the electronic structure of the anthraquinone photosensitizer intercalated into a double-stranded poly(dG-dC) decamer model of DNA. First, the different geometric configurations are analyzed by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations. Then, the excited states for the most relevant poses of anthraquinone inside the binding pocket are computed by an electrostatic-embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach, where anthraquinone and one of the nearby guanine residues are described quantum mechanically to take into account intermolecular charge-transfer states. The excited states are characterized as monomer, exciton, excimer, and charge-transfer states based on the analysis of the transition density matrix, and each of these contributions to the total density of states and absorption spectrum is discussed in terms of the stacking interactions. These results are relevant as they represent the footing for future studies on the reactivity of anthraquinone derivatives with DNA and give insights on possible geometrical configurations that potentially favor the oxidative stress of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cárdenas
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Nogueira
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Alzueta OR, Cuquerella MC, Miranda MA. Triplet Energy Transfer versus Excited State Cyclization as the Controlling Step in Photosensitized Bipyrimidine Dimerization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13329-13335. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia R. Alzueta
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV-CSIC), Av. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV-CSIC), Av. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV-CSIC), Av. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Barlev A, Sen D. DNA's Encounter with Ultraviolet Light: An Instinct for Self-Preservation? Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:526-533. [PMID: 29419284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical modification is the major class of environmental damage suffered by DNA, the genetic material of all free-living organisms. Photolyases are enzymes that carry out direct photochemical repair (photoreactivation) of covalent pyrimidine dimers formed in DNA from exposure to ultraviolet light. The discovery of catalytic RNAs in the 1980s led to the "RNA world hypothesis", which posits that early in evolution RNA or a similar polymer served both genetic and catalytic functions. Intrigued by the RNA world hypothesis, we set out to test whether a catalytic RNA (or a surrogate, a catalytic DNA) with photolyase activity could be contemplated. In vitro selection from a random-sequence DNA pool yielded two DNA enzymes (DNAzymes): Sero1C, which requires serotonin as an obligate cofactor, and UV1C, which is cofactor-independent and optimally uses light of 300-310 nm wavelength to repair cyclobutane thymine dimers within a gapped DNA substrate. Both Sero1C and UV1C show multiple turnover kinetics, and UV1C repairs its substrate with a quantum yield of ∼0.05, on the same order as the quantum yields of certain classes of photolyase enzymes. Intensive study of UV1C has revealed that its catalytic core consists of a guanine quadruplex (G-quadruplex) positioned proximally to the bound substrate's thymine dimer. We hypothesize that electron transfer from photoexcited guanines within UV1C's G-quadruplex is responsible for substrate photoreactivation, analogous to electron transfer to pyrimidine dimers within a DNA substrate from photoexcited flavin cofactors located within natural photolyase enzymes. Though the analogy to evolution is necessarily limited, a comparison of the properties of UV1C and Sero1C, which arose out of the same in vitro selection experiment, reveals that although the two DNAzymes comparably accelerate the rate of thymine dimer repair, Sero1C has a substantially broader substrate repertoire, as it can repair many more kinds of pyrimidine dimers than UV1C. Therefore, the co-opting of an amino acid-like cofactor by a nucleic acid enzyme in this case contributes functional versatility rather than a greater rate enhancement. In recent work on UV1C, we have succeeded in shifting its action spectrum from the UVB into the blue region of the spectrum and determined that although it catalyzes both repair and de novo formation of thymine dimers, UV1C is primarily a catalyst for thymine dimer repair. Our work on photolyase DNAzymes has stimulated broader questions about whether analogous, purely nucleotide-based photoreactivation also occurs in double-helical DNA, the dominant form of DNA in living cells. Recently, a number of different groups have reported that this kind of repair is indeed operational in DNA duplexes, i.e., that there exist nucleotide sequences that actively protect, by way of photoreactivation (rather than by simply preventing their formation), pyrimidine dimers located proximal to them. Nucleotide-based photoreactivation thus appears to be a salient, if unanticipated, property of DNA and RNA. The phenomenon also offers pointers in the direction of how in primordial evolution-in an RNA world-early nucleic acids may have protected themselves from structural and functional damage wrought by ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barlev
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dipankar Sen
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Nogueira JJ, Meixner M, Bittermann M, González L. Impact of Lipid Environment on Photodamage Activation of Methylene Blue. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201600062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Nogueira
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Str. 17 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Maximilian Meixner
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Str. 17 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Marius Bittermann
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Str. 17 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Str. 17 1090 Wien Austria
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Ferreri C, Golding BT, Jahn U, Ravanat JL. COST Action CM1201 "Biomimetic Radical Chemistry": free radical chemistry successfully meets many disciplines. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:S112-S128. [PMID: 27750460 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1248961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The COST Action CM1201 "Biomimetic Radical Chemistry" has been active since December 2012 for 4 years, developing research topics organized into four working groups: WG1 - Radical Enzymes, WG2 - Models of DNA damage and consequences, WG3 - Membrane stress, signalling and defenses, and WG4 - Bio-inspired synthetic strategies. International collaborations have been established among the participating 80 research groups with brilliant interdisciplinary achievements. Free radical research with a biomimetic approach has been realized in the COST Action and are summarized in this overview by the four WG leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- a ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, BioFreeRadicals Group , Bologna , Italy
| | - Bernard T Golding
- b School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- c Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- d INAC-SCIB & CEA, INAC-SyMMES Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
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Gattuso H, Besancenot V, Grandemange S, Marazzi M, Monari A. From non-covalent binding to irreversible DNA lesions: nile blue and nile red as photosensitizing agents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28480. [PMID: 27329409 PMCID: PMC4916457 DOI: 10.1038/srep28480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a molecular modeling study, coupled with spectroscopy experiments, on the behavior of two well known organic dyes, nile blue and nile red, when interacting with B-DNA. In particular, we evidence the presence of two competitive binding modes, for both drugs. However their subsequent photophysical behavior is different and only nile blue is able to induce DNA photosensitization via an electron transfer mechanism. Most notably, even in the case of nile blue, its sensitization capabilities strongly depend on the environment resulting in a single active binding mode: the minor groove. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirms the presence of competitive interaction modes for both sensitizers, while the sensitization via electron transfer, is possible only in the case of nile blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gattuso
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Vanessa Besancenot
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy Santé, Biologie, Signal - CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, Santé, Biologie, Signal, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Grandemange
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy Santé, Biologie, Signal - CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, Santé, Biologie, Signal, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine – Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Liu L, Pilles BM, Gontcharov J, Bucher DB, Zinth W. Quantum Yield of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Formation Via the Triplet Channel Determined by Photosensitization. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:292-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Liu
- Lehrstuhl
für BioMolekulare
Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse
67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Bert M. Pilles
- Lehrstuhl
für BioMolekulare
Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse
67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Julia Gontcharov
- Lehrstuhl
für BioMolekulare
Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse
67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Dominik B. Bucher
- Lehrstuhl
für BioMolekulare
Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse
67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zinth
- Lehrstuhl
für BioMolekulare
Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse
67, 80538 München, Germany
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9
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Liu L, Pilles BM, Reiner AM, Gontcharov J, Zinth W. 2'-Methoxyacetophenone: An Efficient Photosensitizer for Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Formation. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3483-7. [PMID: 26377612 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stationary and time-resolved experiments show that 2'-methoxyacetophenone (2-M) is an interesting compound for the investigation of triplet states in thymine samples. Time-resolved emission experiments show that the fluorescence lifetime of 2-M is 660 ps. A similar time constant of 680 ps is found in transient IR experiments. The data indicate efficient intersystem crossing (≈97%) from the fluorescent singlet state to the triplet state. The lifetime of the triplet state of 2-M dissolved in D2O at room temperature and ambient oxygen concentration is 400 ns. 2-M has a strong absorption in the UV-A range and can photosensitize the triplet state of a thymidine dinucleotide with light at a wavelength of 320 nm. The experiments show that 2-M is well-suited for time-resolved experiments on the triplet-sensitizing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Liu
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538, München, Germany
| | - Bert M Pilles
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538, München, Germany
| | - Anne M Reiner
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538, München, Germany
| | - Julia Gontcharov
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zinth
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538, München, Germany.
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Dumont E, Monari A. Understanding DNA under oxidative stress and sensitization: the role of molecular modeling. Front Chem 2015; 3:43. [PMID: 26236706 PMCID: PMC4500984 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is constantly exposed to damaging threats coming from oxidative stress, i.e., from the presence of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Sensitization from exogenous and endogenous compounds that strongly enhance the frequency of light-induced lesions also plays an important role. The experimental determination of DNA lesions, though a difficult subject, is somehow well established and allows to elucidate even extremely rare DNA lesions. In parallel, molecular modeling has become fundamental to clearly understand the fine mechanisms related to DNA defects induction. Indeed, it offers an unprecedented possibility to get access to an atomistic or even electronic resolution. Ab initio molecular dynamics may also describe the time-evolution of the molecular system and its reactivity. Yet the modeling of DNA (photo-)reactions does necessitate elaborate multi-scale methodologies to tackle a damage induction reactivity that takes place in a complex environment. The double-stranded DNA environment is first characterized by a very high flexibility, but also a strongly inhomogeneous electrostatic embedding. Additionally, one aims at capturing more subtle effects, such as the sequence selectivity which is of critical important for DNA damage. The structure and dynamics of the DNA/sensitizers complexes, as well as the photo-induced electron- and energy-transfer phenomena taking place upon sensitization, should be carefully modeled. Finally the factors inducing different repair ratios for different lesions should also be rationalized. In this review we will critically analyze the different computational strategies used to model DNA lesions. A clear picture of the complex interplay between reactivity and structural factors will be sketched. The use of proper multi-scale modeling leads to the in-depth comprehension of DNA lesions mechanisms and also to the rational design of new chemo-therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulation, Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC) Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Theory-Modeling-Simulation, Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC) Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Bignon E, Gattuso H, Morell C, Dumont E, Monari A. DNA Photosensitization by an “Insider”: Photophysics and Triplet Energy Transfer of 5‐Methyl‐2‐pyrimidone Deoxyribonucleoside. Chemistry 2015; 21:11509-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bignon
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon (France)
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon1 (UCBL) CNRS, Lyon (France)
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy Theory‐Simulation‐Modeling, SRSMC, Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy (France)
- CNRS, Nancy Theory‐Simulation‐Modeling, SRSMC, Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy (France)
| | - Christophe Morell
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon1 (UCBL) CNRS, Lyon (France)
| | - Elise Dumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon (France)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy Theory‐Simulation‐Modeling, SRSMC, Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy (France)
- CNRS, Nancy Theory‐Simulation‐Modeling, SRSMC, Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy (France)
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12
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Dumont E, Wibowo M, Roca-Sanjuán D, Garavelli M, Assfeld X, Monari A. Resolving the Benzophenone DNA-Photosensitization Mechanism at QM/MM Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:576-80. [PMID: 26262469 DOI: 10.1021/jz502562d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone, the parent of the diarylketone family, is a versatile compound commonly used as a UV blocker. It may also trigger triplet-based DNA photosensitization. Therefore, benzophenone is involved in DNA photodamage induction. In the absence of experimentally resolved structure, the mechanism of DNA damage production remains elusive. Employing a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach, here we address the spin transfer mechanism between this drug and proximal thymine, that is, the DNA nucleobase most prone to suffer triplet damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dumont
- †Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182 CNRS et Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Meilani Wibowo
- ‡Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46701 València, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- ‡Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46701 València, Spain
| | - Marco Garavelli
- †Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182 CNRS et Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
- §Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- ∥Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- ⊥CNRS, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- ∥Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- ⊥CNRS, Theory-Modeling-Simulation SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Rivail JL, Monari A, Assfeld X. The Non Empirical Local Self Consistent Field Method: Application to Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Modeling of Large Biomolecular Systems. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21626-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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