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Li Y, Yang T, Liu S, Chen C, Qian Z, Yang Y. Assays on 3D tumor spheroids for exploring the light dosimetry of photodynamic effects under different gaseous conditions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300552. [PMID: 38494760 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a throughout evaluation of a multitude of parameters when devising preclinical protocols. In this study, we constructed MCF-7 human breast tumor spheroid assays to infer PDT irradiation doses at four gradient levels for violet light at 408 nm and red light at 625 nm under normal and hypoxic oxygen conditions. The compacted three-dimensional (3D) tumor models conferred PDT resistance as compared to monolayer cultures due to heterogenous distribution of photosensitizers along with the presence of internal hypoxic region. Cell viability results indicated that the violet light was more efficient to kill cells in the spheroids under normal oxygen conditions, while cells exposed to the hypoxic microenvironment exhibited minimal PDT-induced death. The combination of 3D tumor spheroid assays and the multiparametric screening platform presented a solid framework for assessing PDT efficacy across a wide range of different physiological conditions and therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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Wu R, Yuen J, Cheung E, Huang Z, Chu E. Review of three-dimensional spheroid culture models of gynecological cancers for photodynamic therapy research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103975. [PMID: 38237651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a specific cancer treatment with minimal side effects. However, it remains challenging to apply PDT clinically, partially due to the difficulty of translating research findings to clinical settings as the conventional 2D cell models used for in vitro research are accepted as less physiologically relevant to a solid tumour. 3D spheroids offer a better model for testing PDT mechanisms and efficacy, particularly on photosensitizer uptake, cellular and subcellular distribution and interaction with cellular oxygen consumption. 3D spheroids are usually generated by scaffold-free and scaffold-based methods and are accepted as physiologically relevant models for PDT anticancer research. Scaffold-free methods offer researchers advantages including high efficiency, reproducible, and controlled microenvironment. While the scaffold-based methods offer an extracellular matrix-like 3D scaffold with the necessary architecture and chemical mediators to support the spheroid formation, the natural scaffold used may limit its usage because of low reproducibility due to patch-to-patch variation. Many studies show that the 3D spheroids do offer advantages to gynceologcial cancer PDT investigation. This article will provide a review of the applications of 3D spheroid culture models for the PDT research of gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwk Wu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jwm Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Eyw Cheung
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Z Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Esm Chu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Longva AS, Berg K, Weyergang A. Light-enhanced VEGF 121/rGel induce immunogenic cell death and increase the antitumor activity of αCTLA4 treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278000. [PMID: 38173721 PMCID: PMC10762878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a revolution in cancer therapy and are currently implemented as standard therapy within several cancer indications. Nevertheless, the treatment is only effective in a subset of patients, and immune-related adverse effects complicate the improved survival. Adjuvant treatments that can improve the efficacy of ICIs are highly warranted, not only to increase the response rate, but also to reduce the therapeutic ICI dosage. Several treatment modalities have been suggested as ICI adjuvants including vascular targeted treatments and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a drug delivery system, based on PDT. PCI is long known to generate an immune response in murine models and was recently shown to enhance the cellular immune response of a vaccine in a clinical study. In the present work we evaluated PCI in combination with the vascular targeting toxin VEGF121/rGel with respect to induction of immune-mediated cell death as well as in vitro ICI enhancement. Methods DAMP signaling post VEGF121/rGel-PCI was assessed in CT26 and MC38 murine colon cancer cell lines. Hypericin-PDT, previously indicated as an highly efficient DAMP inducer (but difficult to utilize clinically), was used as a control. ATP release was detected by a bioluminescent kit while HMGB1 and HSP90 relocalization and secretion was detected by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. VEGF121/rGel-PCI was further investigated as an αCTLA enhancer in CT26 and MC38 tumors by measurement of tumor growth delay. CD8+ Dependent efficacy was evaluated in vivo using a CD8+ antibody. Results VEGF121/rGel-PCI was shown to induce increased DAMP signaling as compared to PDT and VEGF121/rGel alone and the magnitude was found similar to that induced by Hypericin-PDT. Furthermore, a significant CD8+ dependent enhanced αCTLA-4 treatment effect was observed when VEGF121/rGel-PCI was used as an adjuvant in both tumor models. Conclusions VEGF121/rGel-PCI describes a novel concept for ICI enhancement which induces a rapid CD8+ dependent tumor eradication in both CT26 and MC38 tumors. The concept is based on the combination of intracellular ROS generation and vascular targeting using a plant derived toxin and will be developed towards clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zhou T, Yu S, Xu H, Liu H, Rao Y. Stimulating fungal cell wall integrity by exogenous β-glucanase to improve the production of fungal natural products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7491-7503. [PMID: 36239763 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The low production of natural products (NPs) is still the critical restrictive factor in exploiting their potential large-scale applications and a barrier to isolating and identifying other meaningful products. Given that the stimulation of cell wall integrity (CWI) has become a novel strategy to modulate the production of microbial natural products, herein, exogenous β-glucanase treatment was developed as an external cell wall β-glucan stress to stimulate the fungal CWI, and then to improve the production of fungal NPs. It was found that the production of fungal NPs cercosporin and sophorolipids, biosynthesized by Cercospora sp. and Starmerella bombicola, respectively, was significantly improved by the treatment of β-glucanase under a controllable dose. Moreover, it demonstrated that β-glucanase had an ability to stimulate fungal CWI through slight fungal superficial damage, thus facilitating the secretion of NPs. We expected that this easy-operating method to stimulate fungal CWI could be feasible to improve more fungal NPs production. KEY POINTS: • Exogenous β-glucanase stimulated the fungal cell wall integrity • Changing fungal cell walls modulated natural product production • β-glucanase with potential universal effects on more fungal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shiyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Su H, Hou X, Deng Z, Xu H, Guo B, Yin D, Sheng X, Rao Y. Molecular Basis of the Unusual Seven-Membered Methylenedioxy Bridge Formation Catalyzed by Fe(II)/α-KG-Dependent Oxygenase CTB9. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Baodang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Xia M, Li M, Ping Q, Yuan Z, Liu X, Yin H, Huang S, Rao Y. Energy-Transfer-Mediated Photocatalysis by a Bioinspired Organic Perylenephotosensitizer HiBRCP. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15284-15297. [PMID: 34647457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Energy transfer plays a special role in photocatalysis by utilizing the potential energy of the excited state through indirect excitation, in which a photosensitizer determines the thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction. Bioinspired by the energy-transfer ability of natural product cercosporin, here we developed a green and highly efficient organic photosensitizer HiBRCP (hexaisobutyryl reduced cercosporin) through structural modification of cercosporin. After structural manipulation, its triplet energy was greatly improved, and then, it could markedly promote the efficient geometrical isomerization of alkenes from the E-isomer to the Z-isomer. Moreover, it was also effective for energy-transfer-mediated organometallic catalysis, which allowed realization of the cross-coupling of aryl bromides and carboxylic acids through efficient energy transfer from HiBRCP to nickel complexes. Thus, the study on the relationship between structural manipulation and their photophysical properties provided guidance for further modification of cercosporin, which could be applied to more meaningful and challenging energy-transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mingze Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Zhou T, Yu S, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Song Y, Chu J, Liu C, Rao Y. Enhanced cercosporin production by co-culturing Cercospora sp. JNU001 with leaf-spot-disease-related endophytic bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:100. [PMID: 33992112 PMCID: PMC8126151 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the excellent properties of photosensitization, cercosporin, one of naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments, has been widely used in photodynamic therapy, or as an antimicrobial agent and an organophotocatalyst. However, because of low efficiency of total chemical synthesis and low yield of current microbial fermentation, the limited production restricts its broad applications. Thus, the strategies to improve the production of cercosporin were highly desired. Besides traditional optimization methods, here we screened leaf-spot-disease-related endophytic bacteria to co-culture with our previous identified Cercospora sp. JNU001 to increase cercosporin production. RESULTS Bacillus velezensis B04 and Lysinibacillus sp. B15 isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases were found to facilitate cercosporin secretion into the broth and then enhance the production of cercosporin. After 4 days of co-culture, Bacillus velezensis B04 allowed to increase the production of cercosporin from 128.2 mg/L to 984.4 mg/L, which was 7.68-fold of the previously reported one. Lysinibacillus sp. B15 could also enhance the production of cercosporin with a yield of 626.3 mg/L, which was 4.89-fold higher than the starting condition. More importantly, we found that bacteria B04 and B15 employed two different mechanisms to improve the production of cercosporin, in which B04 facilitated cercosporin secretion into the broth by loosening and damaging the hyphae surface of Cercospora sp. JNU001 while B15 could adsorb cercosporin to improve its secretion. CONCLUSIONS We here established a novel and effective co-culture method to improve the production of cercosporin by increasing its secretion ability from Cercospora sp. JNU001, allowing to develop more potential applications of cercosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuechen Song
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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