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Shin SH, Lee YH, Rho NK, Park KY. Skin aging from mechanisms to interventions: focusing on dermal aging. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1195272. [PMID: 37234413 PMCID: PMC10206231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1195272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multifaceted process that involves intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to various structural and physiological changes in the skin. Intrinsic aging is associated with programmed aging and cellular senescence, which are caused by endogenous oxidative stress and cellular damage. Extrinsic aging is the result of environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pollution, and leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately causing DNA damage and cellular dysfunction. In aged skin, senescent cells accumulate and contribute to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, which further contributes to the aging process. To combat the symptoms of aging, various topical agents and clinical procedures such as chemical peels, injectables, and energy-based devices have been developed. These procedures address different symptoms of aging, but to devise an effective anti-aging treatment protocol, it is essential to thoroughly understand the mechanisms of skin aging. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of skin aging and their significance in the development of anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hye Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwan Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nark-Kyoung Rho
- Leaders Aesthetic Laser & Cosmetic Surgery Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Frommeyer TC, Rohan CA, Spandau DF, Kemp MG, Wanner MA, Tanzi E, Travers JB. Wounding Therapies for Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:813132. [PMID: 35071017 PMCID: PMC8776632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.813132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is closely linked with advanced age and ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. More specifically, the development of NMSC is linked to diminished insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling from senescent dermal fibroblasts in geriatric skin. Consequently, keratinocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remains inactive, resulting in failure to induce appropriate protective responses including DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint signaling. This allows UVB-induced DNA damage to proliferate unchecked, which increases the likelihood of malignant transformation. NMSC is estimated to occur in 3.3 million individuals annually. The rising incidence results in increased morbidity and significant healthcare costs, which necessitate identification of effective treatment modalities. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of NMSC and discuss the potential of novel preventative therapies. In particular, wounding therapies such as dermabrasion, microneedling, chemical peeling, and fractionated laser resurfacing have been shown to restore IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in geriatric skin and suppress the propagation of UVB-damaged keratinocytes. This wounding response effectively rejuvenates geriatric skin and decreases the incidence of age-associated NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Dan F. Spandau
- Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard A. Roudebush Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Molly A. Wanner
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
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Hutcherson RJ, Gabbard RD, Castellanos AJ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Age and insulin-like growth factor-1 impact PCNA monoubiquitination in UVB-irradiated human skin. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100570. [PMID: 33753168 PMCID: PMC8065225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers occur primarily in individuals over the age of 60 and are characterized by an abundance of ultraviolet (UV) signature mutations in keratinocyte DNA. Though geriatric skin removes UV photoproducts from DNA less efficiently than young adult skin, it is not known whether the utilization of other prosurvival but potentially mutagenic DNA damage tolerance systems such as translesion synthesis (TLS) is altered in older individuals. Using monoubiquitination of the replicative DNA polymerase clamp protein PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) as a biochemical marker of TLS pathway activation, we find that UVB exposure of the skin of individuals over the age of 65 results in a higher level of PCNA monoubiquitination than in the skin of young adults. Furthermore, based on previous reports showing a role for deficient insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling in altered UVB DNA damage responses in geriatric human skin, we find that both pharmacological inhibition of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and deprivation of IGF-1 potentiate UVB-induced PCNA monoubiquitination in both human skin ex vivo and keratinocytes in vitro. Interestingly, though the TLS DNA polymerase Pol eta can accurately replicate the major photoproducts induced in DNA by UV radiation, we find that it fails to accumulate on chromatin in the absence of IGF-1R signaling and that this phenotype is correlated with increased mutagenesis in keratinocytes in vitro. Thus, altered IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in geriatric skin may predispose epidermal keratinocytes to carry out a more mutagenic form of DNA synthesis following UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Hutcherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan D Gabbard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber J Castellanos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
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