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Aebisher D, Przygórzewska A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The Latest Look at PDT and Immune Checkpoints. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7239-7257. [PMID: 39057071 PMCID: PMC11275601 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can not only directly eliminate cancer cells, but can also stimulate antitumor immune responses. It also affects the expression of immune checkpoints. The purpose of this review is to collect, analyze, and summarize recent news about PDT and immune checkpoints, along with their inhibitors, and to identify future research directions that may enhance the effectiveness of this approach. A search for research articles published between January 2023 and March 2024 was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE. Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) papers describing PDT and immune checkpoints, (2) only original research papers, (3) only papers describing new reports in the field of PDT and immune checkpoints, and (4) both in vitro and in vivo papers. Exclusion criteria included (1) papers written in a language other than Polish or English, (2) review papers, and (3) papers published before January 2023. 24 papers describing new data on PDT and immune checkpoints have been published since January 2023. These included information on the effects of PDT on immune checkpoints, and attempts to associate PDT with ICI and with other molecules to modulate immune checkpoints, improve the immunosuppressive environment of the tumor, and resolve PDT-related problems. They also focused on the development of new nanoparticles that can improve the delivery of photosensitizers and drugs selectively to the tumor. The effect of PDT on the level of immune checkpoints and the associated activity of the immune system has not been fully elucidated further, and reports in this area are divergent, indicating the complexity of the interaction between PDT and the immune system. PDT-based strategies have been shown to have a beneficial effect on the delivery of ICI to the tumor. The utility of PDT in enhancing the induction of the antitumor response by participating in the triggering of immunogenic cell death, the exposure of tumor antigens, and the release of various alarm signals that together promote the activation of dendritic cells and other components of the immune system has also been demonstrated, with the result that PDT can enhance the antitumor immune response induced by ICI therapy. PDT also enables multifaceted regulation of the tumor's immunosuppressive environment, as a result of which ICI therapy has the potential to achieve better antitumor efficacy. The current review has presented evidence of PDT's ability to modulate the level of immune checkpoints and the effectiveness of the association of PDT with ICIs and other molecules in inducing an effective immune response against cancer cells. However, these studies are at an early stage and many more observations need to be made to confirm their efficacy. The new research directions indicated may contribute to the development of further strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College, The Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przygórzewska
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
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2
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Bano S, Alburquerque JQ, Roberts HJ, Pang S, Huang HC, Hasan T. Minocycline and photodynamic priming significantly improve chemotherapy efficacy in heterotypic spheroids of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112910. [PMID: 38663337 PMCID: PMC11088523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with advanced-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains dismal. It is generally accepted that combination cancer therapies offer the most promise, such as Folforinox, despite their associated high toxicity. This study addresses the issue of chemoresistance by introducing a complementary dual priming approach to attenuate the DNA repair mechanism and to improve the efficacy of a type 1 topoisomerase (Top1) inhibitor. The result is a regimen that integrates drug-repurposing and nanotechnology using 3 clinically relevant FDA-approved agents (1) Top1 inhibitor (irinotecan) at subcytotoxic doses (2) benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) as a photoactive molecule for photodynamic priming (PDP) to improve the delivery of irinotecan within the cancer cell and (3) minocycline priming (MNP) to modulate DNA repair enzyme Tdp1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase) activity. We demonstrate in heterotypic 3D cancer models that incorporate cancer cells and pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts that simultaneous targeting of Tdp1 and Top1 were significantly more effective by employing MNP and photoactivatable multi-inhibitor liposomes encapsulating BPD and irinotecan compared to monotherapies or a cocktail of dual or triple-agents. These data are encouraging and warrant further work in appropriate animal models to evolve improved therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Jose Quilez Alburquerque
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Harrison James Roberts
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Sumiao Pang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA.
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3
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Sun W, Cheng Y, Ma X, Jin Z, Zhang Q, Wang G. Photodynamic therapy upregulates expression of HIF-1α and PD-L1 in related pathways and its clinical relevance in non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:230. [PMID: 38609977 PMCID: PMC11015541 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising interventional treatment approach that contributes to antitumor immunity. It has been reported that PDT can enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but its mechanism is yet unclear. Herein, we implemented bioinformatics analysis to detect common pathways and potential biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PDT, and NSCLC immunotherapy to investigate potential links between PDT, immunotherapy and NSCLC, and their clinical impact. METHODS Differentially expressed genes in NSCLC- and NSCLC immunotherapy-related data in the GEO database were intersected with PDT-related genes in the GeneCards database to obtain candidate genes and shared pathways. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction were established to identify key genes in functionally enriched pathways. The expression profiles and the prognostic significance of key genes were depicted. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that HIF-1α was screened as a prognostic gene in hypoxia, HIF-1, and PD-L1-related signaling pathways, which was associated with clinical response in NSCLC patients after PDT and immunotherapy. In vivo experiments showed that PDT could inhibit tumor growth and upregulate HIF-1α and PD-L1 expressions in NSCLC tissues with a positive correlation, which might influence the blocking activity of ICIs on the HIF-1, and PD-L1-related signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS PDT might improve the clinical response of ICIs by upregulating tumor HIF-1α and PD-L1 expressions in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Thiruppathi J, Vijayan V, Park IK, Lee SE, Rhee JH. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy and nanoparticle: making tumor microenvironment hotter to make immunotherapeutic work better. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375767. [PMID: 38646546 PMCID: PMC11026591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous advancements in treating various malignancies. The biggest hurdle to successful immunotherapy would be the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and low immunogenicity of cancer cells. To make immunotherapy successful, the 'cold' TME must be converted to 'hot' immunostimulatory status to activate residual host immune responses. To this end, the immunosuppressive equilibrium in TME should be broken, and immunogenic cancer cell death ought to be induced to stimulate tumor-killing immune cells appropriately. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient way of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells and disrupting immune-restrictive tumor tissues. PDT would trigger a chain reaction that would make the TME 'hot' and have ICD-induced tumor antigens presented to immune cells. In principle, the strategic combination of PDT and immunotherapy would synergize to enhance therapeutic outcomes in many intractable tumors. Novel technologies employing nanocarriers were developed to deliver photosensitizers and immunotherapeutic to TME efficiently. New-generation nanomedicines have been developed for PDT immunotherapy in recent years, which will accelerate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Thiruppathi
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center (MRC), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center (MRC), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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Otvagin VF, Krylova LV, Peskova NN, Kuzmina NS, Fedotova EA, Nyuchev AV, Romanenko YV, Koifman OI, Vatsadze SZ, Schmalz HG, Balalaeva IV, Fedorov AY. A first-in-class β-glucuronidase responsive conjugate for selective dual targeted and photodynamic therapy of bladder cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116283. [PMID: 38461680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we present a novel prodrug strategy that can significantly improve the efficiency and selectivity of combined therapy for bladder cancer. Our approach involved the synthesis of a conjugate based on a chlorin-e6 photosensitizer and a derivative of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib, linked by a β-glucuronidase-responsive linker. Upon activation by β-glucuronidase, which is overproduced in various tumors and localized in lysosomes, this conjugate released both therapeutic modules within targeted cells. This activation was accompanied by the recovery of its fluorescence and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Investigation of photodynamic and dark toxicity in vitro revealed that the novel conjugate had an excellent safety profile and was able to inhibit tumor cells proliferation at submicromolar concentrations. Additionally, combined therapy effects were also observed in 3D models of tumor growth, demonstrating synergistic suppression through the activation of both photodynamic and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii F Otvagin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation.
| | - Lubov V Krylova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Nina N Peskova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia S Kuzmina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Fedotova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Nyuchev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya V Romanenko
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology, 153000, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Oscar I Koifman
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology, 153000, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Z Vatsadze
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Yu Fedorov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation.
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Zhang J, Chang Y, Liu S, Tuo J, Xu Z, Ying J, Zhu Y, Shi Z, Zouboulis CC, Jiang M, Wang Q, Xiang L. ALA-PDT promotes IL-1β secretion from human SZ95 sebocytes via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104007. [PMID: 38336152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective treatment for pilosebaceous inflammatory diseases, such as acne vulgaris. In this study, we explored ALA-PDT's mechanisms against acne in vitro. METHODS We treated human SZ95 sebocytes with ALA (0.2 mM) and subjected them to varied PDT doses (0, 5, 10, 20 J/cm²) over 12 h. We assessed cell viability post-treatment using the Annexin V FITC/PI apoptosis kit. ROS accumulation in the sebocytes was detected with a DCFDA probe. We quantified NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA via quantitative PCR and determined IL-1β release following ALA-PDT by ELISA. Western blotting helped identify the levels of proteins associated with pyroptosis (NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β). To elucidate the mechanisms, we re-evaluated these parameters after administering various concentrations of NAC antioxidants (0, 0.4, 2, 10 mM) and the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (0, 5, 10, 20 μM). RESULTS Increasing PDT dose inversely affected SZ95 sebocyte survival, with a corresponding rise in ROS and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β). Furthermore, NAC and Z-VAD-FMK modulated the expression and secretion of these molecules in a dose-responsive manner. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest ALA-PDT's potential mechanism of action on sebaceous glands could involve ROS induction, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, thereby heightening caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. This cascade may amplify the local inflammatory response to break chronic inflammation in acne vulgaris treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Yufeng Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suqing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Jiang Tuo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Jiayi Ying
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Yijian Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Zhengzhou Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
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Dudzik T, Domański I, Makuch S. The impact of photodynamic therapy on immune system in cancer - an update. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335920. [PMID: 38481994 PMCID: PMC10933008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach that has gained significant attention in recent years with its promising impact on the immune system. Recent studies have shown that PDT can modulate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Currently, numerous clinical trials are underway to investigate the effectiveness of this method in treating various types of cancer, as well as to evaluate the impact of PDT on immune system in cancer treatment. Notably, clinical studies have demonstrated the recruitment and activation of immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, at the treatment site following PDT. Moreover, combination approaches involving PDT and immunotherapy have also been explored in clinical trials. Despite significant advancements in its technological and clinical development, further studies are needed to fully uncover the mechanisms underlying immune activation by PDT. The main objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize and discuss both ongoing and completed studies that evaluate the impact of PDT of cancer on immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dudzik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Igor Domański
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Anand S, Hasan T, Maytin EV. Treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer with pro-differentiation agents and photodynamic therapy: Preclinical and clinical studies (Review). Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38310633 DOI: 10.1111/php.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a nonscarring cancer treatment in which a pro-drug (5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA) is applied, converted into a photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX, PpIX) which is then activated by visible light. ALA-PDT is now popular for treating nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), but can be ineffective for larger skin tumors, mainly due to inadequate production of PpIX. Work over the past two decades has shown that differentiation-promoting agents, including methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and vitamin D (Vit D) can be combined with ALA-PDT as neoadjuvants to promote tumor-specific accumulation of PpIX, enhance tumor-selective cell death, and improve therapeutic outcome. In this review, we provide a historical perspective of how the combinations of differentiation-promoting agents with PDT (cPDT) evolved, including Initial discoveries, biochemical and molecular mechanisms, and clinical translation for the treatment of NMSCs. For added context, we also compare the differentiation-promoting neoadjuvants with some other clinical PDT combinations such as surgery, laser ablation, iron-chelating agents (CP94), and immunomodulators that do not induce differentiation. Although this review focuses mainly on the application of cPDT for NMSCs, the concepts and findings described here may be more broadly applicable towards improving the therapeutic outcomes of PDT treatment for other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Anand S, Shen A, Cheng CE, Chen J, Powers J, Rayman P, Diaz M, Hasan T, Maytin EV. Combination of vitamin D and photodynamic therapy enhances immune responses in murine models of squamous cell skin cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103983. [PMID: 38281610 PMCID: PMC11197882 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Improved treatment outcomes for non-melanoma skin cancers can be achieved if Vitamin D (Vit D) is used as a neoadjuvant prior to photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the mechanisms for this effect are unclear. Vit D elevates protoporphyrin (PpIX) levels within tumor cells, but also exerts immune-modulatory effects. Here, two murine models, UVB-induced actinic keratoses (AK) and human squamous cell carcinoma (A431) xenografts, were used to analyze the time course of local and systemic immune responses after PDT ± Vit D. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry of tissues and flow analysis (FACS) of blood were employed. In tissue, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) were increased, and infiltration of neutrophils (Ly6G+), macrophages (F4/80+), and dendritic cells (CD11c+) were observed. In most cases, Vit D alone or PDT alone increased cell recruitment, but Vit D + PDT showed even greater recruitment effects. Similarly for T cells, increased infiltration of total (CD3+), cytotoxic (CD8+) and regulatory (FoxP3+) T-cells was observed after Vit D or PDT, but the increase was even greater with the combination. FACS analysis revealed a variety of interesting changes in circulating immune cell levels. In particular, neutrophils decreased in the blood after Vit D, consistent with migration of neutrophils into AK lesions. Levels of cells expressing the PD-1+ checkpoint receptor were reduced in AKs following Vit D, potentially counteracting PD-1+ elevations seen after PDT alone. In summary, Vit D and ALA-PDT, two treatments with individual immunogenic effects, may be advantageous in combination to improve treatment efficacy and management of AK in the dermatology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Alan Shen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cheng-En Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jacky Chen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Powers
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pat Rayman
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Marcela Diaz
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
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10
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Fan W, Tang J, Tang S, Lin Z, Li M, Zhang Z, Wu D. Bibliometric analysis of photodynamic therapy and immune response from 1989-2023. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1299253. [PMID: 38288443 PMCID: PMC10822948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1299253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment approach for precancerous and cancerous lesions, known for its ability to activate the host immune response. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify the research trends and hotspots related to the immune response in PDT. Methods: We analyzed articles and reviews published from 1989 to 2023, retrieved from the Web of Science database. Using Citespace and VOSviewer, we visualized the distribution patterns of these studies in time and space. Results: The analysis revealed a substantial increase in the number of publications on PDT-related immune response since 1989. A total of 1,688 articles from 1,701 institutions were included in this analysis. Among thei nstitutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrated exceptional productivity and a willingness to collaborate with others. Additionally, 8,567 authors contributed to the field, with Mladen Korbelik, Michael R. Hamblin, and Wei R. Chen being the most prolific contributors. The current research focus revolves around novel strategies to enhance antitumor immunity in PDT, including PDT-based dendritic cell vaccines, combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and the use of nanoparticles for photosensitizer delivery. Furthermore, genes such as CD8A, TNF, CD4, IFNG, CD274, IL6, IL10, CALR, HMGB1, and CTLA4 have been evaluated in the context of PDT-related immunity. Conclusion: PDT not only achieves tumor ablation but also stimulates the immune response, bolstering antitumor immunity. This study highlights the emerging hotspots in PDT-related immune response research and provides valuable insights for future investigations aimed at further enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Su Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengshen Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Longva AS, Berg K, Weyergang A. Light-enhanced VEGF 121/rGel induce immunogenic cell death and increase the antitumor activity of αCTLA4 treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278000. [PMID: 38173721 PMCID: PMC10762878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a revolution in cancer therapy and are currently implemented as standard therapy within several cancer indications. Nevertheless, the treatment is only effective in a subset of patients, and immune-related adverse effects complicate the improved survival. Adjuvant treatments that can improve the efficacy of ICIs are highly warranted, not only to increase the response rate, but also to reduce the therapeutic ICI dosage. Several treatment modalities have been suggested as ICI adjuvants including vascular targeted treatments and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a drug delivery system, based on PDT. PCI is long known to generate an immune response in murine models and was recently shown to enhance the cellular immune response of a vaccine in a clinical study. In the present work we evaluated PCI in combination with the vascular targeting toxin VEGF121/rGel with respect to induction of immune-mediated cell death as well as in vitro ICI enhancement. Methods DAMP signaling post VEGF121/rGel-PCI was assessed in CT26 and MC38 murine colon cancer cell lines. Hypericin-PDT, previously indicated as an highly efficient DAMP inducer (but difficult to utilize clinically), was used as a control. ATP release was detected by a bioluminescent kit while HMGB1 and HSP90 relocalization and secretion was detected by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. VEGF121/rGel-PCI was further investigated as an αCTLA enhancer in CT26 and MC38 tumors by measurement of tumor growth delay. CD8+ Dependent efficacy was evaluated in vivo using a CD8+ antibody. Results VEGF121/rGel-PCI was shown to induce increased DAMP signaling as compared to PDT and VEGF121/rGel alone and the magnitude was found similar to that induced by Hypericin-PDT. Furthermore, a significant CD8+ dependent enhanced αCTLA-4 treatment effect was observed when VEGF121/rGel-PCI was used as an adjuvant in both tumor models. Conclusions VEGF121/rGel-PCI describes a novel concept for ICI enhancement which induces a rapid CD8+ dependent tumor eradication in both CT26 and MC38 tumors. The concept is based on the combination of intracellular ROS generation and vascular targeting using a plant derived toxin and will be developed towards clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zhen W, Luo T, Wang Z, Jiang X, Yuan E, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Mechanoregulatory Cholesterol Oxidase-Functionalized Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework Stimulates Pyroptosis and Reinvigorates T Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2305440. [PMID: 37635106 PMCID: PMC10840730 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells alter mechanical tension in their cell membranes. New interventions to regulate cell membrane tension present a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, the increase of cell membrane tension by cholesterol oxidase (COD) via cholesterol depletion in vitro and the design of a COD-functionalized nanoscale metal-organic framework, Hf-TBP/COD, for cholesterol depletion and mechanoregulation of tumors in vivo, are reported. COD is found to deplete cholesterol and disrupt the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers, leading to decreased cell proliferation, migration, and tolerance to oxidative stress. Hf-TBP/COD increases mechanical tension of plasma membranes and osmotic fragility of cancer cells, which induces influx of calcium ions, inhibits cell migration, increases rupturing propensity for effective caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis, and decreases tolerance to oxidative stress. In the tumor microenvironment, Hf-TBP/COD downregulates multiple immunosuppressive checkpoints to reinvigorate T cells and enhance T cell infiltration. Compared to Hf-TBP, Hf-TBP/COD improves anti-tumor immune response and tumor growth inhibition from 54.3% and 79.8% to 91.7% and 95% in a subcutaneous triple-negative breast cancer model and a colon cancer model, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Eric Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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13
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Durrani FA, Cacaccio J, Turowski SG, Dukh M, Bshara W, Curtin L, Sexton S, Spernyak JA, Pandey RK. Photobac derived from bacteriochlorophyll-a shows potential for treating brain tumor in animal models by photodynamic therapy with desired pharmacokinetics and limited toxicity in rats and dogs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115731. [PMID: 37857248 PMCID: PMC10842770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobac is a near infrared photosensitizer (PS) derived from naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll- a, with a potential for treating a variety of cancer types (U87, F98 and C6 tumor cells in vitro). The main objective of the studies presented herein was to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile of Photobac in animals (mice, rats and dogs) and submit these results to the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for its approval to initiate Phase I human clinical trials of glioblastoma, a deadly cancer disease with no long term cure. The photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of Photobac was evaluated in mice subcutaneously implanted with U87 tumors, and in rats bearing C6 tumors implanted in brain. In both tumor types, the Photobac-PDT was quite effective. The long-term cure in rats was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology analysis. A detailed pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetic study of Photobac was investigated in both non-GLP and GLP facilities at variable doses following the US FDA parameters. Safety Pharmacology studies suggest that there is no phototoxicity, cerebral or retinal toxicity with Photobac. No metabolites of Photobac were observed following incubation in rat, dog, mini-pig and human hepatocytes. Based on current biological data, Photobac-IND received the approval for Phase-I human clinical trials to treat Glioblastoma (brain cancer), which is currently underway at our institute. Photobac has also received an orphan drug status from the US FDA, because of its potential for treating Glioblastoma as no effective treatment is currently available for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farukh A Durrani
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14223, USA
| | - Joseph Cacaccio
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14223, USA
| | - Steven G Turowski
- Translational Imaging Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Dukh
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14223, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Network Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Leslie Curtin
- Comparative Oncology Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Comparative Oncology Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Translational Imaging Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Chou W, Sun T, Peng N, Wang Z, Chen D, Qiu H, Zhao H. Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Anti-Tumor Immunity: Influence Factors and Synergistic Enhancement Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2617. [PMID: 38004595 PMCID: PMC10675361 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved therapeutic procedure that exerts cytotoxic activity towards tumor cells by activating photosensitizers (PSs) with light exposure to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to traditional treatment strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, PDT not only kills the primary tumors, but also effectively suppresses metastatic tumors by activating the immune response. However, the anti-tumor immune effects induced by PDT are influenced by several factors, including the localization of PSs in cells, PSs concentration, fluence rate of light, oxygen concentration, and the integrity of immune function. In this review, we systematically summarize the influence factors of anti-tumor immune effects mediated by PDT. Furthermore, an update on the combination of PDT and other immunotherapy strategies are provided. Finally, the future directions and challenges of anti-tumor immunity induced by PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Chou
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Tianzhen Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Nian Peng
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (N.P.); (D.C.)
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Long S, Wang B, Cui Y, Shao J, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Li H, Qiu H, Zhao H, Zeng J, Chen D, Li X, Gu Y. The upregulation of immune checkpoints after photodynamic therapy reducing immune effect for treating breast cancer. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:243. [PMID: 37882915 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The immune effect induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a limited effect on breast tumor. This study hypothesized that suppressive immune checkpoints on T cells might upregulate after PDT, which may reduce the antitumor effect of PDT for treating breast tumor. This study explored the alteration of immune checkpoint for the first time. A bilateral subcutaneous transplanted breast tumor mice model was established, and right tumors imitated primary tumors, and left tumors imitated distant tumors. Primary tumors were treated with PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD-PDT). Costimulatory molecules (ICOS, OX40, and 4-1BB) and immune checkpoints (PD1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT) on tumor infiltrating T cells after HpD-PDT were analyzed by flow cytometry. Antitumor and immune effects were also assessed after HpD-PDT combined with anti-PD1 and LAG-3 antibodies. Primary tumors were suppressed, but distant tumors could not be inhibited after HpD-PDT. The number of T cells was increased, but function did not enhance after HpD-PDT. Additionally, costimulatory molecules (ICOS, OX40, and 4-1BB) were not elevated, but the suppressive immune checkpoints on tumor infiltrating T cells were upregulated after HpD-PDT. Notably, PD1+ LAG-3+ CD4+ T and PD1+ LAG-3+ CD8+ T cells were significantly increased. When PD1 and LAG-3 blockade combined with HpD-PDT, both primary and distant tumors were significantly suppressed, and antitumor immune effects were significantly enhanced. HpD-PDT could upregulate the PD1+ LAG-3+ CD4+ T and PD1+ LAG-3+ CD8+ T cells. Dual blockade of PD1 and LAG-3 immune checkpoints can enhance the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yingshu Cui
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiakang Shao
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese, Dongcheng District, PLA General Hospital, 5 Nanmencang Hutong, DongshitiaoBeijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- College of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Defu Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese, Dongcheng District, PLA General Hospital, 5 Nanmencang Hutong, DongshitiaoBeijing, 100039, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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16
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Wu A, Niu J, Hong Z, Gu L, Huang Y, Qiu L. The effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on the local immune response of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211114. [PMID: 37928525 PMCID: PMC10623119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and elucidate the effects and mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the local immune response of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2). Materials and methods Immunofluorescence staining was used to compare immune cells infiltration before and after ALA-PDT in 23 patients with CIN2. The infiltration of immune cells into the cervical tissues of patients with different outcomes was also compared at the 6-month follow-up period. Immune cell counts in samples collected before and after treatment were compared. Results We found an increased number of CD8+ T cell infiltration, an increased proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing Granzyme B (GrB), Chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, and a decreased proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 in patients with CIN2 compared to that before ALA-PDT. Moreover, at the 6-month follow-up, there was higher infiltration of CD8+ T and CD8+ TRM cells, higher expression of GrB and CXCR3, and lower expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells in the HPV clearance and CIN2 disappearance groups than in the HPV-positive and CIN2 regression groups. However, no significant difference was observed in the number of CD8+ TSCM following ALA-PDT. Conclusion ALA-PDT could activate CD8+ T cell responses by modulating the expression of CXCR3 and PD-1 in CD8+ T cells and increasing the infiltration of CD8+ TRM cells. And the infiltration of CD8+ T cells is correlated with the prognosis of CIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zubei Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongming Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Bhandari C, Moffat A, Fakhry J, Malkoochi A, Nguyen A, Trinh B, Hoyt K, Story MD, Hasan T, Obaid G. A single photodynamic priming protocol augments delivery of ⍺-PD-L1 mAbs and induces immunogenic cell death in head and neck tumors. Photochem Photobiol 2023:10.1111/php.13865. [PMID: 37818742 PMCID: PMC11006828 DOI: 10.1111/php.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic priming (PDP) leverages the photobiological effects of subtherapeutic photodynamic therapy (PDT) regimens to modulate the tumor vasculature and stroma. PDP also sensitizes tumors to secondary therapies, such as immunotherapy by inducing a cascade of molecular events, including immunogenic cell death (ICD). We and others have shown that PDP improves the delivery of antibodies, among other theranostic agents. However, it is not known whether a single PDP protocol is capable of both inducing ICD in vivo and augmenting the delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this rapid communication, we show for the first time that a single PDP protocol using liposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (Lipo-BPD, 0.25 mg/kg) with 690 nm light (75 J/cm2 , 100 mW/cm2 ) simultaneously doubles the delivery of ⍺-PD-L1 antibodies in murine AT-84 head and neck tumors and induces ICD in vivo. ICD was observed as a 3-11 fold increase in tumor cell exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (Calreticulin, HMGB1, and HSP70). These findings suggest that this single, highly translatable PDP protocol using clinically relevant Lipo-BPD holds potential for improving immunotherapy outcomes in head and neck cancer. It can do so by simultaneously overcoming physical barriers to the delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and biochemical barriers that contribute to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Bhandari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Azophi Moffat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - John Fakhry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ashritha Malkoochi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Austin Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Brian Trinh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael D. Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Jia J, Wu X, Long G, Yu J, He W, Zhang H, Wang D, Ye Z, Tian J. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: nanotechnology-enabled photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy with advanced photosensitizers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219785. [PMID: 37860012 PMCID: PMC10582717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy are emerging as exciting cancer therapeutic methods with significant potential for improving patient outcomes. By combining these approaches, synergistic effects have been observed in preclinical studies, resulting in enhanced immune responses to cancer and the capacity to conquer the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite challenges such as addressing treatment limitations and developing personalized cancer treatment strategies, the integration of nanotechnology-enabled PDT and immunotherapy, along with advanced photosensitizers (PSs), represents an exciting new avenue in cancer treatment. Continued research, development, and collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and regulatory agencies are crucial for further advancements and the successful implementation of these promising therapies, ultimately benefiting cancer patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedong Jia
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gongwei Long
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction Health Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongwen Wang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical, Beijing, China
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19
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Han L, Huang X, Zhao B, Zhu H, Wang R, Liu S, Lin H, Feng F, Ma X, Liu F, Xue J, Liu W. TGF-β1 mediates tumor immunosuppression aggravating at the late stage post-high-light-dose photodynamic therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3079-3095. [PMID: 37351605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging clinical treatment that is expected to become an important adjuvant strategy for the immunotherapeutic cancer treatment. Recently, numerous works have reported combination strategies. However, clinical data showed that the anti-tumor immune response of PDT was not lasting though existing. The immune activation effect will eventually turn to immunosuppressive effect and get aggravated at the late stage post-PDT. So far, the mechanism is still unclear, which limits the design of specific correction strategies and further development of PDT. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for TGF-β1 in the immunosuppression associated with PDT. Herein, this study systematically illustrated the dynamic changes of immune states post-PDT within the tumor microenvironment. The results clearly demonstrated that high-light-dose PDT, as a therapeutic dose, induced early immune activation followed by late immunosuppression, which was mediated by the activated TGF-β1 upregulation. Then, the mechanism of PDT-induced TGF-β1 accumulation and immunosuppression was elucidated, including the ROS/TGF-β1/MMP-9 positive feedback loop and CD44-mediated local amplification, which was further confirmed by spatial transcriptomics, as well as by the extensive immune inhibitory effect of local high concentration of TGF-β1. Finally, a TGF-β blockade treatment strategy was presented as a promising combinational strategy to reverse high-light-dose PDT-associated immunosuppression. The results of this study provide new insights for the biology mechanism and smart improvement approaches to enhance tumor photodynamic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Hongtan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shaoxia Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Honglei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fulei Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Jingwei Xue
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances (Industrial Technology Innovation Platform), Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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20
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Lobo CS, Mendes MIP, Pereira DA, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Arnaut LG. Photodynamic therapy changes tumour immunogenicity and promotes immune-checkpoint blockade response, particularly when combined with micromechanical priming. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11667. [PMID: 37468749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with redaporfin stimulates colon carcinoma (CT26), breast (4T1) and melanoma (B16F10) cells to display high levels of CD80 molecules on their surfaces. CD80 overexpression amplifies immunogenicity because it increases same cell (cis) CD80:PD-L1 interactions, which (i) disrupt binding of T-cells PD-1 inhibitory receptors with their ligands (PD-L1) in tumour cells, and (ii) inhibit CTLA-4 inhibitory receptors binding to CD80 in tumour cells. In some cancer cells, redaporfin-PDT also increases CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expressions and virtuous combinations between PDT and immune-checkpoint blockers (ICB) depend on CD80/PD-L1 or CD80/CTLA-4 tumour overexpression ratios post-PDT. This was confirmed using anti-CTLA-4 + PDT combinations to increase survival of mice bearing CT26 tumours, and to regress lung metastases observed with bioluminescence in mice with orthotopic 4T1 tumours. However, the primary 4T1 responded poorly to treatments. Photoacoustic imaging revealed low infiltration of redaporfin in the tumour. Priming the primary tumour with high-intensity (~ 60 bar) photoacoustic waves generated with nanosecond-pulsed lasers and light-to-pressure transducers improved the response of 4T1 tumours to PDT. Penetration-resistant tumours require a combination of approaches to respond to treatments: tumour priming to facilitate drug infiltration, PDT for a strong local effect and a change in immunogenicity, and immunotherapy for a systemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S Lobo
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês P Mendes
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo A Pereira
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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21
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Lauriola A, Davalli P, Marverti G, Santi S, Caporali A, D'Arca D. Targeting the Interplay of Independent Cellular Pathways and Immunity: A Challenge in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113009. [PMID: 37296972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that exploits the capacity of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and remove cancer. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and significantly improved patient outcomes for several tumor types. However, most patients have not benefited from such therapies yet. Within the field of cancer immunotherapy, an expansion of the combination strategy that targets independent cellular pathways that can work synergistically is predicted. Here, we review some consequences of tumor cell death and increased immune system engagement in the modulation of oxidative stress and ubiquitin ligase pathways. We also indicate combinations of cancer immunotherapies and immunomodulatory targets. Additionally, we discuss imaging techniques, which are crucial for monitoring tumor responses during treatment and the immunotherapy side effects. Finally, the major outstanding questions are also presented, and directions for future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lauriola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Davalli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gaetano Marverti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Caporali
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Domenico D'Arca
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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22
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Zhang L, Li H, Liu J, Sun G, Tang X, Xu S, Zhang L, Zhang W, Ai B. The screening of compounds regulating PD-L1 transcriptional activity in a cell functional high-throughput manner. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9815-9825. [PMID: 36965083 PMCID: PMC10166909 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are protein molecules expressed on the immune cell membrane, which regulate the immune system to kill tumor cells. As an essential immune checkpoint, overexpressed PD-1 on tumor cells could inhibit T-cell activation after being bonded to PD-1. Due to this inhibitory effect, T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion are suppressed, leading to immune escape of tumor cells. Here, we established a high-throughput method based on cell function screening technology to screen drugs regulating PD-L1 expression in tumor cells at the transcriptional level. After two screening rounds, 12 compounds that enhanced PD-L1 transcription while seven weakened were sorted out among 1018 FDA-approved drugs. Finally, a tumor cell line was used to verify the upregulation of endogenous PD-L1 expression for a drug named "vorinostat," a histone deacetylation inhibitor, after the two rounds of optional selection. Therefore, our research provides another perspective for using "vorinostat" in treating tumors and offers a convenient method to detect the transcriptional expression of other intracellular proteins besides PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Li
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Sun
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Tang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Xu B, He P, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhu J, Pu W, Chen H. PDT for Gastric Cancer - the view from China. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103366. [PMID: 36841280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate and mortality of gastric cancer remain elevated. Traditionally, surgical treatment (including endoscopic surgery and traditional surgery), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy were used for the treatment of gastric cancer. Although the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy can effectively prolong the survival of some patients with gastric cancer and improve the quality of life of patients after chemotherapy or surgery, the overall survival rate of gastric cancer has not been significantly improved. Photodynamic therapy is a local photochemical therapy with the advantages of high safety, few adverse reactions, and repeatability, although it may cause some toxic reactions. There are some differences between East and West in the treatment of gastric cancer with PDT, and most earlier studies concentrated on using PDT alone. However, some studies have indicated that PDT may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and other medications. This paper summarizes the study on the use of PDT and its combination therapy in gastric cancer, which is anticipated to offer novel thoughts for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Puyi He
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Weigao Pu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Oncology, The second hospital of Lanzhou University, 730030, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of digestive system tumor, The second hospital of Lanzhou University, 730030, China.
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24
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Kong C, Chen X. Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy and Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6427-6446. [PMID: 36540374 PMCID: PMC9760263 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactivation therapy based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has been identified as a tumour ablation modality for numerous cancer indications, with photosensitisers and photothermal conversion agents playing important roles in the phototherapy process, especially in recent decades. In addition, the iteration of nanotechnology has strongly promoted the development of phototherapy in tumour treatment. PDT can increase the sensitivity of tumour cells to PTT by interfering with the tumour microenvironment, whereas the heat generated by PTT can increase blood flow, improve oxygen supply and enhance the PDT therapeutic effect. In addition, tumour cell debris generated by phototherapy can serve as tumour-associated antigens, evoking antitumor immune responses. In this review, the research progress of phototherapy, and its research effects in combination with immunotherapy on the treatment of tumours are mainly outlined, and issues that may need continued attention in the future are raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunqing Kong
- Department of medical imaging center, central hospital affiliated to Shandong first medical university, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingcai Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xingcai Chen, Email
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25
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Zhang K, Timilsina S, Waguespack M, Kercher EM, Spring BQ. An open-source LED array illumination system for automated multiwell plate cell culture photodynamic therapy experiments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19341. [PMID: 36369334 PMCID: PMC9652332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) research would benefit from an automated, low-cost, and easy-to-use cell culture light treatment setup capable of illuminating multiple well replicates within standard multiwell plate formats. We present an LED-array suitable for performing high-throughput cell culture PDT experiments. The setup features a water-cooling loop to keep the LED-array temperature nearly constant, thus stabilizing the output power and spectrum. The setup also features two custom-made actuator arms, in combination with a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) technique, to achieve programmable and automatic light exposures for PDT. The setup operates at ~ 690 nm (676-702 nm, spectral output full-width half-maximum) and the array module can be readily adapted to other LED wavelengths. This system provides an illumination field with adjustable irradiance up to 400 mW/cm2 with relatively high spectral and power stability comparing with previously reported LED-based setups. The light doses provided by the LED array were validated with comparison to traditional laser PDT. This open-source illumination platform (including the detailed technical description, fabrication protocols, and parts list provided here) helps to make custom light sources more accessible and of practical use for photomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Physics, College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Sudip Timilsina
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Physics, College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Waguespack
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Physics, College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Eric M Kercher
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. N, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Bryan Q Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA. .,Department of Physics, College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, 02115, USA.
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26
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Hao Y, Chung CK, Gu Z, Schomann T, Dong X, Veld RVHI‘, Camps MGM, ten Dijke P, Ossendorp FA, Cruz LJ. Combinatorial therapeutic approaches of photodynamic therapy and immune checkpoint blockade for colon cancer treatment. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:26. [PMID: 35974207 PMCID: PMC9381671 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown impressive therapeutic effects on various types of cancers by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induction of immune responses. However, under certain conditions, the immune responses induced by PDT are not always sufficient to eradicate the remaining tumor cells. On the other hand, the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) can mediate PDT under near-infrared (NIR) illumination, thereby enhancing the penetration depth of the excitation light into the tumor. We found that ICG is rapidly taken up in vitro by colorectal MC38 and CT26 tumor cells and it promotes PDT-mediated cell-killing effects. Our results furthermore revealed that ICG induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), as dendritic cells (DCs) were found to engulf ICG-PDT-treated tumor cells and undergo phenotypic maturation. ICG accumulated in tumors 2 h after administration, as measured by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Considering the advantages of ICG as a photosensitizer, we sought to design a therapy that combines PDT and immune checkpoint blockade to maximize tumor control. To this end, a 25% thermosensitive polymer 407 hydrogel was included as a co-delivery platform for this treatment scheme. NIR-PDT under 808 nm irradiation in combination with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade prolonged survival rate of colorectal tumor-bearing mice by inducing a series of immune responses, like the phagocytosis of tumor debris by macrophages and DCs, and induction of acute inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, maturation and activation of DCs. Altogether, our work presents a NIR-triggered PDT strategy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Compared to a single treatment, the combination treatment increased efficiency to inhibit solid tumor growth and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice.
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27
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Nanoparticles-Based Strategies to Improve the Delivery of Therapeutic Small Interfering RNA in Precision Oncology. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081586. [PMID: 36015212 PMCID: PMC9415718 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can selectively suppress the expression of disease-causing genes, holding great promise in the treatment of human diseases, including malignant cancers. In recent years, with the development of chemical modification and delivery technology, several siRNA-based therapeutic drugs have been approved for the treatment of non-cancerous liver diseases. Nevertheless, the clinical development of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics remains a major translational challenge. The main obstacles of siRNA therapeutics in oncology include both extracellular and intracellular barriers, such as instability under physiological conditions, insufficient tumor targeting and permeability (particularly for extrahepatic tumors), off-target effects, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape. The development of clinically suitable and effective siRNA delivery systems is expected to overcome these challenges. Herein, we mainly discuss recent strategies to improve the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic siRNA in cancer, including the application of non-viral nanoparticle-based carriers, the selection of target genes for therapeutic silencing, and the combination with other therapeutic modalities. In addition, we also provide an outlook on the ongoing challenges and possible future developments of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics during clinical translation.
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28
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Cheng K, Guo Q, Shen Z, Yang W, Wang Y, Sun Z, Wu H. Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Cancer Photodynamic Therapy: Focus on Nano-Related Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927219. [PMID: 35784740 PMCID: PMC9243586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has illuminated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) serves as an important therapeutic strategy in oncology and has become a hot topic in recent years. Although numerous papers related to cancer PDT (CPDT) have been published, no bibliometric studies have been conducted to summarize the research landscape, and highlight the research trends and hotspots in this field. This study collected 5,804 records on CPDT published between 2000 and 2021 from Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and one online platform. The annual publication and citation results revealed significant increasing trends over the past 22 years. China and the United States, contributing 56.24% of the total publications, were the main driving force in this field. Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most prolific institution. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy and Photochemistry and Photobiology were the most productive and most co-cited journals, respectively. All keywords were categorized into four clusters including studies on nanomaterial technology, clinical applications, mechanism, and photosensitizers. “nanotech-based PDT” and “enhanced PDT” were current research hotspots. In addition to several nano-related topics such as “nanosphere,” “nanoparticle,” “nanomaterial,” “nanoplatform,” “nanomedicine” and “gold nanoparticle,” the following topics including “photothermal therapy,” “metal organic framework,” “checkpoint blockade,” “tumor microenvironment,” “prodrug” also deserve further attention in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zefeng Shen
- Department of Graduate School, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zaijie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kunming Cheng, ; Zaijie Sun, ; Haiyang Wu,
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Department of Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Kunming Cheng, ; Zaijie Sun, ; Haiyang Wu,
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29
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Shiryaev AA, Minaev VV, Stolyarov VI, Efendiev KT, Fatyanova AS, Zhemerikin GA, Agakina YS, Aleynikova AR, Shchekoturov IO, Parshin VD, Reshetov IV, Loschenov VB. A method for intra-percardial PDT for malignant mesothelioma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102799. [PMID: 35276346 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of a 35-year-old patient with recurrent non-resectable pleural mesothelioma cT4N0M0 with a confirmed malignant pericardial effusion, threatening for cardiac tamponade. We performed and described our experience of intrapericardial photodynamic therapy which was well tolerated and with a good survival result. After 12 months of follow-up our patient showed no signs of pericardial effusion and in stable condition, keeping high level of quality of life. This clinical case is an example of the excellent palliative effect of photodynamic therapy together with concomitant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A Shiryaev
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Minaev
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Stolyarov
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation.
| | - Kanamat T Efendiev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia S Fatyanova
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation; Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Academy of Postgraduate Education FSBI FNCC FMBA of Russia, Volokolamskoe sh., 91, Moscow 125371, Russian Federation
| | - Gleb A Zhemerikin
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia S Agakina
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation; Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Academy of Postgraduate Education FSBI FNCC FMBA of Russia, Volokolamskoe sh., 91, Moscow 125371, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia R Aleynikova
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Igor O Shchekoturov
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir D Parshin
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation; Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Academy of Postgraduate Education FSBI FNCC FMBA of Russia, Volokolamskoe sh., 91, Moscow 125371, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Reshetov
- Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation; Department of Oncology and Plastic Surgery, Academy of Postgraduate Education FSBI FNCC FMBA of Russia, Volokolamskoe sh., 91, Moscow 125371, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 38, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
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Ma CH, Ma HH, Deng XB, Yu R, Song KW, Wei KK, Wang CJ, Li HX, Chen H. Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Chemotherapy, Targeted, and Immunotherapy As a Successful Therapeutic Approach for Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:308-314. [PMID: 35559715 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy of photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Background: Advanced GAC has high malignancy and mortality rate. To date, no study has applied photodynamic treatment (PDT) combined with chemo-, targeted, and immunotherapy to treat this cancer. Patient and methods: Clinical data of a patient diagnosed with poorly differentiated GAC admitted to the department of oncology of the Lanzhou University Second Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patient underwent four PDT procedures combined with chemo-, targeted, and immunotherapy. Results: A 72-year-old male patient received combination therapy of PDT. This treatment resolved the cancerous tissues and levels of tumor markers. There was no recurrence and metastasis during a 7-month follow-up. Conclusions: Combination therapy of PDT can effectively treat tumors and may be a method suitable for elderly patients with advanced GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wei Song
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kong-Kong Wei
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cai-Juan Wang
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xia Li
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Yamashita H, Kadota T, Minamide T, Sunakawa H, Sato D, Takashima K, Nakajo K, Murano T, Shinmura K, Yoda Y, Ikematsu H, Yano T. Efficacy and safety of second photodynamic therapy for local failure after salvage photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:488-496. [PMID: 34185928 DOI: 10.1111/den.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an optional salvage treatment for local failure of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after chemoradiotherapy; however, local failure after PDT sometimes occurs. In such cases, second PDT is sometimes attempted, but its outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of second PDT. METHODS We enrolled patients who underwent PDT for local failure of ESCC after chemoradiotherapy. We retrospectively evaluated local-complete response (L-CR) rate and clinical outcomes of first and second PDT. The indications for PDT were lesions within the muscle layer, <3 cm in size, and <3/4 of the esophageal circumference; not suitable for salvage surgery; and absence of metastasis. Second PDT was avoided when lesions were apparently refractory to first PDT, e.g. persistence of submucosal tumor-like protruded component or rapid regrowth of tumor at the ulceration after first PDT. L-CR was defined as endoscopic disappearance of tumor and post-PDT ulcer and absence of cancer cells histologically. RESULTS Among 82 patients who underwent first PDT, 27 underwent second PDT. The L-CR rates with first and second PDT were 63.0% and 40.7%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rates after second PDT in patients with L-CR and local-nonCR were 79.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Five of 11 patients with L-CR survived without any recurrence. No grade ≥3 adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Second PDT demonstrated excellent safety and acceptable efficacy; therefore, it could be a useful treatment for local failure after first PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kadota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Minamide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hironori Sunakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nakajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Murano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kensuke Shinmura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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Cramer GM, Cengel KA, Busch TM. Forging Forward in Photodynamic Therapy. Cancer Res 2022; 82:534-536. [PMID: 35180305 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1978, a Cancer Research article by Dougherty and colleagues reported the first large-scale clinical trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of 113 cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions associated with ten different kinds of malignancies. In classic applications, PDT depends on excitation of a tissue-localized photosensitizer with wavelengths of visible light to damage malignant or otherwise diseased tissues. Thus, in this landmark article, photosensitizer (hematoporphyrin derivative) dose, drug-light interval, and fractionation scheme were evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy and normal tissue damage. From their observations came early evidence of the mechanisms of PDT's antitumor action, and in the decades since this work, our knowledge of these mechanisms has grown to build an understanding of the multifaceted nature of PDT. These facets are comprised of multiple cell death pathways, together with antivascular and immune stimulatory actions that constitute a PDT reaction. Mechanism-informed PDT protocols support the contribution of PDT to multimodality treatment approaches. Moreover, guided by an understanding of its mechanisms, PDT can be applied to clinical needs in fields beyond oncology. Undoubtedly, there still remains more to learn; new modes of cell death continue to be elucidated with relevance to PDT, and factors that drive PDT innate and adaptive immune responses are not yet fully understood. As research continues to forge a path forward for PDT in the clinic, direction is provided by anchoring new applications in mechanistically grounded protocol design, as was first exemplified in the landmark work conducted by Dougherty and colleagues. See related article by Dougherty and colleagues, Cancer Res 1978;38:2628-35.
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33
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Wang XY, Maswikiti EP, Zhu JY, Ma YL, Zheng P, Yu Y, Wang BF, Gao L, Chen H. Photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy for an advanced esophageal cancer with an obstruction post metal stent implantation: A case report and literature review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102671. [PMID: 34864195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the main treatment for resectable esophageal cancer but not for advanced esophageal cancer with distant metastasis. PDT is a therapeutic strategy for dysphagia and select unresectable esophageal cancer, with tremendous advantages of minimal invasiveness and organ-preserving treatment modality. PDT prevents tumor progression and growth by inducing vascular injury and local acute inflammatory responses. Immunotherapy, combined with PDT, may contribute to the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of esophageal cancer and reduce the probability of tumor recurrence. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old male patient with advanced esophageal cancer was hospitalized in the author's hospital on 20th April 2020, who had been treated with two cycles of chemotherapy at the local hospital but failed. In this case, after metal stent implantation, the patient underwent a remarkable and successful treatment of PDT combined with sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor. An additional immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy offer the opportunity to eliminate residual and invisible tumors. The patient had an excellent prognosis that not only the primary lesion was cured, but also the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly reduced, with no tumor recurrence in the last endoscopic review. CONCLUSION PDT in combination with immunotherapy is a promising strategy to eliminate primary and metastatic esophageal cancer by generating local and systemic antitumor responses, especially after interventional esophageal stent implantation for relief of obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Wang
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Zhu
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Ma
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Bo-Fang Wang
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 80 cuiying gate, Linxia Rd, Chengguan Qu, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
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Yang YL, Lin K, Yang L. Progress in Nanocarriers Codelivery System to Enhance the Anticancer Effect of Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1951. [PMID: 34834367 PMCID: PMC8617654 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer noninvasive method and has great potential for clinical applications. Unfortunately, PDT still has many limitations, such as metastatic tumor at unknown sites, inadequate light delivery and a lack of sufficient oxygen. Recent studies have demonstrated that photodynamic therapy in combination with other therapies can enhance anticancer effects. The development of new nanomaterials provides a platform for the codelivery of two or more therapeutic drugs, which is a promising cancer treatment method. The use of multifunctional nanocarriers for the codelivery of two or more drugs can improve physical and chemical properties, increase tumor site aggregation, and enhance the antitumor effect through synergistic actions, which is worthy of further study. This review focuses on the latest research progress on the synergistic enhancement of PDT by simultaneous multidrug administration using codelivery nanocarriers. We introduce the design of codelivery nanocarriers and discuss the mechanism of PDT combined with other antitumor methods. The combination of PDT and chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, hyperthermia, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy and even multidrug therapy are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (K.L.)
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35
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Hua J, Wu P, Gan L, Zhang Z, He J, Zhong L, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Current Strategies for Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738323. [PMID: 34868932 PMCID: PMC8635494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a low invasive antitumor therapy with fewer side effects. On the other hand, immunotherapy also has significant clinical applications in the treatment of cancer. Both therapies, on their own, have some limitations and are incapable of meeting the demands of the current cancer treatment. The efficacy of PDT and immunotherapy against tumor metastasis and tumor recurrence may be improved by combination strategies. In this review, we discussed the possibility that PDT could be used to activate immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death or generating cancer vaccines. Furthermore, we explored the latest advances in PDT antitumor therapy in combination with some immunotherapy such as immune adjuvants, inhibitors of immune suppression, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Hua
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Pan Wu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
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36
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Li K, Zhang Y, Hussain A, Weng Y, Huang Y. Progress of Photodynamic and RNAi Combination Therapy in Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4420-4429. [PMID: 34427082 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive and effective local treatment for cancers that produces selective damage to target tissues and cells. However, PDT alone is unlikely to completely inhibit tumor metastasis and/or local tumor recurrence. RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon of gene silencing mediated by exogenous or endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi has entered a golden period of development, with the approval of four treatments employing RNAi. PDT in combination with RNAi therapy to inhibit related targets has been a research hotspot, with better clinical outcomes than monotherapy. In this review, the progress of PDT and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting different genes is discussed, while the achievements of the combined immunotherapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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37
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer-A Review of the Current Clinical Status. Front Chem 2021; 9:686303. [PMID: 34409014 PMCID: PMC8365093 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.686303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long time and photosensitizers (PS) can be used in various types of tumors. Originally, light is an effective tool that has been used in the treatment of diseases for ages. The effects of combination of specific dyes with light illumination was demonstrated at the beginning of 20th century and novel PDT approaches have been developed ever since. Main strategies of current studies are to reduce off-target effects and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Given the high interest and vast literature about the topic, approval of PDT as the first drug/device combination by the FDA should come as no surprise. PDT consists of two stages of treatment, combining light energy with a PS in order to destruct tumor cells after activation by light. In general, PDT has fewer side effects and toxicity than chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In addition to the purpose of treatment, several types of PSs can be used for diagnostic purposes for tumors. Such approaches are called photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). In this Review, we provide a general overview of the clinical applications of PDT in cancer, including the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Assessment of PDT therapeutic efficacy in the clinic will be discussed, since identifying predictors to determine the response to treatment is crucial. In addition, examples of PDT in various types of tumors will be discussed. Furthermore, combination of PDT with other therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy will be emphasized, since such approaches seem to be promising in terms of enhancing effectiveness against tumor. The combination of PDT with other treatments may yield better results than by single treatments. Moreover, the utilization of lower doses in a combination therapy setting may cause less side effects and better results than single therapy. A better understanding of the effectiveness of PDT in a combination setting in the clinic as well as the optimization of such complex multimodal treatments may expand the clinical applications of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jin F, Liu D, Xu X, Ji J, Du Y. Nanomaterials-Based Photodynamic Therapy with Combined Treatment Improves Antitumor Efficacy Through Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4693-4712. [PMID: 34267518 PMCID: PMC8275223 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefiting from the rapid development of nanotechnology, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is arising as a novel non-invasive clinical treatment for specific cancers, which exerts direct efficacy in destroying primary tumors by generating excessive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, PDT-induced cell death is related to T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses through induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, ICD elicited via PDT is not strong enough and is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM). Therefore, it is necessary to improve PDT efficacy through enhancing ICD with the combination of synergistic tumor therapies. Herein, the recent progress of nanomaterials-based PDT combined with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, employing ICD-boosted treatments is reviewed. An outlook about the future application in clinics of nanomaterials-based PDT strategies is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Clinical Practice of Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium for Esophageal Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132785. [PMID: 34202917 PMCID: PMC8268336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a conventional photosensitizer was approved for esophageal cancer in the early 1990s; however, it was replaced by other conventional treatment modalities in clinical practice because of the high frequency of cutaneous phototoxicity and esophageal stricture after the procedure. The second-generation photosensitizer, talaporfin sodium, which features more rapid clearance from the body, was developed to reduce skin phototoxicity, and talaporfin sodium can be excited at longer-wavelength lights comparing with a conventional photosensitizer. Endoscopic PDT using talaporfin sodium was initially developed for the curative treatment of central-type early lung cancer in Japan, and was approved in the early 2000s. After preclinical experiments, PDT using talaporfin sodium was investigated for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy, which was the most serious unmet need in the practice of esophageal cancer. According to the favorable results of a multi-institutional clinical trial, PDT using talaporfin sodium was approved as an endoscopic salvage treatment for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. While PDT using talaporfin sodium is gradually spreading in clinical practice, further evaluation at the point of clinical benefit is necessary to determine the importance of PDT in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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40
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Current Prospects for Treatment of Solid Tumors via Photodynamic, Photothermal, or Ionizing Radiation Therapies Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (A Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050447. [PMID: 34068491 PMCID: PMC8151935 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes selective damage to tumor cells and vasculature and also triggers an anti-tumor immune response. The latter fact has prompted the exploration of PDT as an immune-stimulatory adjuvant. PDT is not the only cancer treatment that relies on electromagnetic energy to destroy cancer tissue. Ionizing radiation therapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are two other treatment modalities that employ photons (with wavelengths either shorter or longer than PDT, respectively) and also cause tissue damage and immunomodulation. Research on the three modalities has occurred in different “silos”, with minimal interaction between the three topics. This is happening at a time when immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), another focus of intense research and clinical development, has opened exciting possibilities for combining PDT, PTT, or RT with ICI to achieve improved therapeutic benefits. In this review, we surveyed the literature for studies that describe changes in anti-tumor immunity following the administration of PDT, PTT, and RT, including efforts to combine each modality with ICI. This information, collected all in one place, may make it easier to recognize similarities and differences and help to identify new mechanistic hypotheses toward the goal of achieving optimized combinations and tumor cures.
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Hu M, Li Y, Lu Y, Wang M, Li Y, Wang C, Li Q, Zhao H. The regulation of immune checkpoints by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11306. [PMID: 34012727 PMCID: PMC8109006 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences the occurrence and progression of tumors, and hypoxia is an important characteristic of the TME. The expression of programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and other immune checkpoints in hypoxic malignant tumors is often significantly increased, and is associated with poor prognosis. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and gynecological tumors has achieved encouraging efficacy; however, the rate of efficacy of ICI single-drug treatment is only about 20%. In the present review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which the hypoxic TME regulates immune checkpoints. By activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), regulating the adenosine (Ado)-A2aR pathway, regulating the glycolytic pathway, and driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other biological pathways, hypoxia regulates the expression levels of CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, CD47, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3), and other immune checkpoints, which interfere with the immune effector cell anti-tumor response and provide convenient conditions for tumors to escape immune surveillance. The combination of HIF-1α inhibitors, Ado-inhibiting tumor immune microenvironment regulatory drugs, and other drugs with ICIs has good efficacy in both preclinical studies and phase I-II clinical studies. Exploring the effects of TME hypoxia on the expression of immune checkpoints and the function of infiltrating immune cells has greatly clarified the relationship between the hypoxic TME and immune escape, which is of great significance for the development of new drugs and the search for predictive markers of the efficacy of immunotherapy for treating malignant tumors. In the future, combination therapy with hypoxia pathway inhibitors and ICIs may be an effective anti-tumor treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy Using 5-ALA for Malignant Glioma Recurrences. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081767. [PMID: 33917116 PMCID: PMC8067827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as a cytotoxic photosensitizer could be a feasible treatment option for malignant gliomas. In a monocentric cohort of consecutive patients treated between 2006 and 2018, a risk profile analysis of salvage iPDT for local malignant glioma recurrences and associated outcome measures are presented here. It was considered indicated in patients with circumscribed biopsy-proven malignant glioma recurrences after standard therapy, if not deemed eligible for safe complete resection. A 3D treatment-planning software was used to determine the number and suitable positions of the cylindrical diffusing fibers placed stereotactically to ensure optimal interstitial irradiation of the target volume. Outcome measurements included the risk profile of the procedure, estimated time-to-treatment-failure (TTF), post-recurrence survival (PRS) and prognostic factors. Forty-seven patients were treated, of which 44 (median age, 49.4 years, range, 33.4-87.0 years, 27 males) could be retrospectively evaluated. Recurrent gliomas included 37 glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) and 7 anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO grade III). Thirty (68.2%) tumors were O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-methylated, 29 (65.9%)-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype. Twenty-six (59.1%) patients were treated for their first, 9 (20.5%)-for their second, 9 (20.5%)-for the third or further recurrence. The median iPDT target volume was 3.34 cm3 (range, 0.50-22.8 cm3). Severe neurologic deterioration lasted for more than six weeks in one patient only. The median TTF was 7.1 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4-9.8) months and the median PRS was 13.0 (95% CI, 9.2-16.8) months. The 2- and 5-year PRS rates were 25.0% and 4.5%, respectively. The treatment response was heterogeneous and not significantly associated with patient characteristics, treatment-related factors or molecular markers. The promising outcome and acceptable risk profile deserve further prospective evaluation particularly to identify mechanisms and prognostic factors of favorable treatment response.
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Hu T, Wang Z, Shen W, Liang R, Yan D, Wei M. Recent advances in innovative strategies for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:3278-3300. [PMID: 33537087 PMCID: PMC7847668 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has received increasing attention owing to its high selectivity and limited side effects. Although significant clinical research progress has been made in PDT, the breadth and depth of its clinical application have not been fully realized due to the limitations such as inadequate light penetration depth, non-targeting photosensitizers (PSs), and tumor hypoxia. Consequently, numerous investigations put their emphasis on innovative strategies to overcome the aforementioned limitations and enhance the therapeutic effect of PDT. Herein, up-to-date advances in these innovative methods for PDT are summarized by introducing the design of PS systems, their working mechanisms and application examples. In addition, current challenges of these innovative strategies for clinical application, and future perspectives on further improvement of PDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weicheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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44
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Keerthiga R, Zhao Z, Pei D, Fu A. Photodynamic Nanophotosensitizers: Promising Materials for Tumor Theranostics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5474-5485. [PMID: 33320544 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic theranostics/therapy (PDT) is a potential strategy for selectively imaging malignant sites and treating cancer via a non-invasive therapeutic method. Photosensitizers, the crucial components of PDT, enable colocalization of photons and light, and photon/light therapy in the therapeutic window of 400-900 nm exhibits photocytotoxicity to tumor cells. Due to their high biostability and photocytotoxicity, nanophotosensitizers (NPSs) are of much interest for malignant tumor theranostics at present. NPS-activated photons transfer energy through the absorption of a photon and convert molecular oxygen to the singlet reactive oxygen species, which leads to apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, NPSs modified by polymers, including PLGA, PEG-PLA, PDLLA, PVCL-g-PLA, and P(VCL-co-VIM)-g-PLA, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, and a tumor-targeting molecule linked on the nanoparticle surface can precisely deliver NPSs into the tumor region. The development of NPSs will accelerate the progress in tumor theranostics through the photon/light pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Keerthiga
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zizhen Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Desheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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