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Thakur MR, Tupe RS. Protective effect of colchicine on albumin glycation and cellular oxidative stress: Insights into diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23664. [PMID: 38372178 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The present work elucidates the role of colchicine (COL) on albumin glycation and cellular oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Human serum albumin (HSA) was glycated with methylglyoxal in the presence of COL (2.5, 3.75, and 5 µM), whereas positive and negative control samples were maintained separately. The effects of COL on HSA glycation, structural and functional modifications in glycated HSA were analyzed using different spectroscopical and fluorescence techniques. Increased fructosamine, carbonyl, and pentosidine formation in glycated HSA samples were inhibited in the presence of COL. Structural conformation of HSA and glycated HSA samples was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, where COL maintained both secondary and tertiary structures of HSA against glycation. Functional marker assays included ABTS•+ radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, advanced oxidative protein product formation, and turbidimetry, which showed preserved functional properties of glycated HSA in COL-containing samples. Afterward, rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2 cell line) was treated with glycated HSA-COL complex (400 μg/mL) for examining various cellular antioxidants (nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) and detoxification enzymes (aldose reductase, glyoxalase I, and II) levels. All three concentrations of COL exhibited effective anti-glycation properties, enhanced cellular antioxidant levels, and detoxification enzyme activities. The report comprehensively analyzes the potential anti-glycation and properties of COL during its initial assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Rajkumar Thakur
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Regulation of pleiotropic physiological roles of nitric oxide signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110496. [PMID: 36252791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly diffusible, ubiquitous signaling molecule and a free radical that is naturally synthesized by our body. The pleiotropic effects of NO in biological systems are due to its reactivity with different molecules, such as molecular oxygen (O2), superoxide anion, DNA, lipids, and proteins. There are several contradictory findings in the literature pertaining to its role in oncology. NO is a Janus-faced molecule shown to have both tumor promoting and tumoricidal effects, which depend on its concentration, duration of exposure, and location. A high concentration is shown to have cytotoxic effects by triggering apoptosis, and at a low concentration, NO promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor progression. Upregulated NO synthesis has been implicated as a causal factor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer. This dichotomous effect makes it highly challenging to discover its true potential in cancer biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which NO acts in different cancers helps to develop NO based therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. This review addresses the physiological role of this molecule, with a focus on its bimodal action in various types of cancers.
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Bazak J, Korytowski W, Girotti AW. Hyper-Aggressiveness of Bystander Cells in an Anti-Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Model: Role of Nitric Oxide Produced by Targeted Cells. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:15-25. [PMID: 37824384 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
When selected tumor cells in a large in vitro population are exposed to ionizing radiation, they can send pro-survival signals to non-exposed counterparts (bystander cells). If there is no physical contact between irradiated and bystander cells, the latter respond to mediators from targeted cells that diffuse through the medium. One such mediator is known to be nitric oxide (NO). It was recently discovered that non-ionizing anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) can also elicit pro-survival/expansion bystander effects in a variety of human cancer cells. A novel silicone ring-based approach was used for distinguishing photodynamically-targeted cells from non-targeted bystanders. A key finding was that NO from upregulated iNOS in surviving targeted cells diffused to the bystanders and caused iNOS/NO upregulation there, which in turn stimulated cell proliferation and migration. The intensity of these responses depended on the extent of iNOS/NO induction in targeted cells of different cancer lines. Moreover, the responses could be replicated using NO from the chemical donor DETA/NO. This review will focus on these and related findings, their negative implications for clinical PDT, and how these might be averted by using pharmacologic inhibitors of iNOS activity or transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bazak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226-3548, USA
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Protective Actions of α-Tocopherol on Cell Membrane Lipids of Paraquat-Stressed Human Astrocytes Using Microarray Technology, MALDI-MS and Lipidomic Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122440. [PMID: 36552648 PMCID: PMC9774397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is one of the main contributors to some neurodegenerative disorders. The early detection of senescent cells or their related effects is a key aspect in treating disease progression. In this functional deterioration, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation play an important role. Endogenous antioxidant compounds, such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E), can mitigate these undesirable effects, particularly lipid peroxidation, by blocking the reaction between free radicals and unsaturated fatty acid. While the antioxidant actions of α-tocopherol have been studied in various systems, monitoring the specific effects on cell membrane lipids at scales compatible with large screenings has not yet been accomplished. Understanding the changes responsible for this protection against one of the consequences of senescence is therefore necessary. Thus, the goal of this study was to determinate the changes in the lipid environment of a Paraquat-treated human astrocytic cell line, as a cellular oxidative stress model, and the specific actions of the antioxidant, α-tocopherol, using cell membrane microarray technology, MALDI-MS and lipidomic analysis. The stress induced by Paraquat exposure significantly decreased cell viability and triggered membrane lipid changes, such as an increase in certain species of ceramides that are lipid mediators of apoptotic pathways. The pre-treatment of cells with α-tocopherol mitigated these effects, enhancing cell viability and modulating the lipid profile in Paraquat-treated astrocytes. These results demonstrate the lipid modulation effects of α-tocopherol against Paraquat-promoted oxidative stress and validate a novel analytical high-throughput method combining cell cultures, microarray technology, MALDI-MS and multivariate analysis to study antioxidant compounds against cellular senescence.
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Thomas CD, Lupu M, Poyer F, Maillard P, Mispelter J. Increased PDT Efficacy When Associated with Nitroglycerin: A Study on Retinoblastoma Xenografted on Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080985. [PMID: 36015132 PMCID: PMC9415823 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purposes: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a treatment protocol that combines photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nitroglycerin (NG) on human retinoblastoma tumors xenografted on mice. We aimed to increase the PDT efficiency (in our least treatment-responsive retinoblastoma line) with better PS delivery to the tumor generated by NG, which is known to dilate vessels and enhance the permeability and retention of macromolecules in solid tumors. Methods: In vivo follow-up of the therapeutic effects was performed by sodium MRI, which directly monitors variations in sodium concentrations non-invasively and can be used to track the tumor response to therapy. NG ointment was applied one hour before PDT. The PDT protocol involves double-tumor targeting, i.e., cellular and vascular. The first PS dose was injected followed by a second one, separated by a 3 h interval. The timelapse allowed the PS molecules to penetrate tumor cells. Ten minutes after the second dose, the PS was red-light-activated. Results: In this study, we observed that the PDT effect was enhanced by applying nitroglycerin ointment to the tumor-bearing animal’s skin. PDT initiates the bystander effect on retinoblastomas, and NG increases this effect by increasing the intratumoral concentration of PS, which induces a higher production of ROS in the illuminated region and thus increases the propagation of the cell death signal deeper into the tumor (bystander effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole D. Thomas
- Institut Curie, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- U1288 INSERM, LITO Laboratoire d’Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Bât. 101B, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-69-86-71-97
| | - Mihaela Lupu
- Institut Curie, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- U1196 INSERM, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- UMR 9187 CNRS, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florent Poyer
- Institut Curie, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- U1196 INSERM, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- UMR 9187 CNRS, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Philippe Maillard
- Institut Curie, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- U1196 INSERM, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- UMR 9187 CNRS, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joël Mispelter
- Institut Curie, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- U1196 INSERM, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- UMR 9187 CNRS, Bât. 112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Intermembrane Translocation of Photodynamically Generated Lipid Hydroperoxides: Broadcasting of Redox Damage †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:591-597. [PMID: 34633674 PMCID: PMC8995396 DOI: 10.1111/php.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), including cholesterol- and phospholipid-derived species, are reactive intermediates that arise during photosensitized peroxidation of unsaturated lipids in biological membranes. These intermediates may appear in cancer cell membranes during anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photodynamically generated LOOHs have several different fates, including (a) iron-catalyzed one-electron reduction to free radical species which trigger damaging chain peroxidation reactions, (b) selenoperoxidase-catalyzed two-electron reduction to redox-inert alcohols (LOHs), and (c) spontaneous or protein-mediated translocation to other lipid membrane compartments where (a) or (b) may take place. These different LOOH fates will be described in this review, but with special attention to category (c), which the authors were the first to describe and characterize. Seminal early findings on cholesterol hydroperoxide (ChOOH) translocation and its potential negative consequences will be discussed. In reviewing this work, we wish to congratulate Jean Cadet, for his many outstanding accomplishments as a photobiologist and P&P editor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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