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Calvo MJ, Navarro C, Durán P, Galan-Freyle NJ, Parra Hernández LA, Pacheco-Londoño LC, Castelanich D, Bermúdez V, Chacin M. Antioxidants in Photoaging: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2403. [PMID: 38397077 PMCID: PMC10889126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoaging (PA) is considered a silent disease affecting millions of people globally and is defined as skin damage due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun. Physiologically, the skin is in a state of renewal and synthesis of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, exposure to UVR affects the production of the ECM, and the functioning and response of skin cells to UVR begins to change, thus expressing clinical and phenotypic characteristics of PA. The primary mechanisms involved in PA are direct damage to the DNA of skin cells, increases in oxidative stress, the activation of cell signaling pathways responsible for the loss of skin integrity, and cytotoxicity. The medical and scientific community has been researching new therapeutic tools that counteract PA, considering that the damage caused by UVR exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the skin. Thus, in recent years, certain nutraceuticals and phytochemicals have been found to exhibit potential antioxidant and photoprotective effects. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to elucidate the molecular bases of PA and the latest pharmaceutical industry findings on antioxidant treatment against the progression of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Calvo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Carolina Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Nataly J. Galan-Freyle
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Luis Alberto Parra Hernández
- International Society for Non-Surgical Facial Rejuvenation (SIRF), Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (L.A.P.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Leonardo C Pacheco-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Desiree Castelanich
- International Society for Non-Surgical Facial Rejuvenation (SIRF), Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (L.A.P.H.); (D.C.)
- Argentine Society of Dermatology, Buenos Aires B1228, Argentina
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
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2
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Flieger J, Raszewska-Famielec M, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger W. Skin Protection by Carotenoid Pigments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1431. [PMID: 38338710 PMCID: PMC10855854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Raszewska-Famielec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Physicl Education, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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3
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Marini A, Aue N, Jaenicke T, Grether-Beck S, Trullas C, Granger C, Jourdan E, Krutmann J. Assessment of the protective effect against air pollution-induced skin pigmentation of an oral nutritional supplement containing antioxidants: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e1183-e1186. [PMID: 37170928 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Marini
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Aue
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Jaenicke
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Grether-Beck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - C Granger
- Stella Polaris Europe, Paris, France
| | | | - J Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Hyeraci M, Papanikolau ES, Grimaldi M, Ricci F, Pallotta S, Monetta R, Minafò YA, Di Lella G, Galdo G, Abeni D, Fania L, Dellambra E. Systemic Photoprotection in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1067. [PMID: 37509103 PMCID: PMC10377635 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and actinic keratosis (AK), are the most common cancer diseases in the Caucasian race. If diagnosed late and improperly treated, BCC and SCC can become locally advanced and metastasize. Malignant melanoma (MM) is less frequent but more lethal than NMSC. Given the individual and social burdens of skin cancers, performing an adequate prevention is needed. Ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure is one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. Thus, the first-choice prevention strategy is represented by photoprotection that can be both topical and systemic. The latter consists of the oral administration of molecules which protect human skin against the damaging effects of UV rays, acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or immunomodulator mechanisms. Although several compounds are commonly used for photoprotection, only a few molecules have demonstrated their effectiveness in clinical trials and have been included in international guidelines for NMSC prevention (i.e., nicotinamide and retinoids). Moreover, none of them have been demonstrated as able to prevent MM. Clinical and preclinical data regarding the most common compounds used for systemic photoprotection are reported in this review, with a focus on the main mechanisms involved in their photoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marta Grimaldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Aura Minafò
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lella
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galdo
- Dermatology Unit, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fania
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
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5
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Krutmann J, Piquero-Casals J, Morgado-Carrasco D, Granger C, Trullàs C, Passeron T, Lim HW. Photoprotection for people with skin of colour: needs and strategies. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:168-175. [PMID: 36763874 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin of colour or pigmented skin has unique characteristics: it has a higher eumelanin-to-pheomelanin ratio, more mature melanosomes, an increased amount of melanin distributed in the upper layers of the epidermis, and more efficient DNA repair compared with lighter skin. However, individuals with skin of colour are at a significant risk of skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, including the development of photodermatoses and photoageing changes such as uneven skin tone, and are predisposed to pigmentary disorders. In fact, one of the most common conditions leading to dermatology consultations by patients with skin of colour is photoexacerbated pigmentary disorders. Unfortunately, individuals with skin of colour may be less prone to engage in photoprotective measures, including the use of sunscreens. Physicians are also less likely to prescribe sunscreens for them. There is thus a clear need for better education on photodamage and for more efficient and suitable photoprotection in populations with skin of colour. However, this need has thus far only partially been met, and the development of sunscreen products designed to provide optimal photoprotection for people with skin of colour remains a challenge. Targeted sunscreens for individuals with skin of colour require optimal cosmetic appeal (leaving no white residue and not disrupting skin tone). They should include broad-spectrum [ultraviolet (UV)B/UVA] protection with high sun protection factor, as well as protection against long-wave UVA (UVA1) and visible light, as these wavelengths are capable of inducing or augmenting pigmentary disorders. They may also contain depigmenting agents for patients with pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Morgado-Carrasco
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Thierry Passeron
- University Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Department of Dermatology, Nice, France.,University Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
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6
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Cvetković S, Vuletić S, Vunduk J, Klaus A, Mitić-Ćulafić D, Nikolić B. The role of Gentiana lutea extracts in reducing UV-induced DNA damage. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:71-80. [PMID: 35253882 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can result in DNA damage, mainly through direct formation of pyrimidine dimers and generation of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to the skin disorders including cancer. In accordance with this, the use of natural antigenotoxins and/or antioxidants could contribute to human health protection. Considering that plants are rich in both, the aim of this study was to investigate UV-protective and antioxidative properties of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea), being well established in pharmacopeias and traditional medicine. Tested extracts were derived from root and shoot of the in vitro cultivated plants. Prescreening of the genotoxic properties of UVC, UVA, and the extracts, as well as the extracts' antigenotoxicity were estimated by applying alkaline comet assay on normal fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) and human melanoma cells (Hs 294T). Antioxidant potential was tested in ferrous ions chelating ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays. Genotoxicity testing, which revealed moderate DNA-damaging potential of root extract on MRC-5 cells and high genotoxicity of shoot extract on both cell lines, pointed out nongenotoxic concentrations that could be used in antigenotoxicity assay. Doses of 63 and 3 J/cm2 for UVC and UVA, respectively, were established for antigenotoxicity study, since they induced sufficient DNA damage without notable cytotoxicity. Results of antigenotoxicity revealed strong protective effect of both extracts against UVC (the highest inhibitions 58% and 47%) and UVA (the highest inhibitions 69% and 60%), in Hs 294T and MRC-5 cells, respectively. Study of the antioxidative properties demonstrated stronger activity of shoot extract. Results obtained proved to be encouraging but further research of the UV-protective role of Gentiana lutea extracts and underlying molecular mechanisms is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Cvetković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefana Vuletić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Vunduk
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anita Klaus
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mitić-Ćulafić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nikolić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Kumar Gangwar S, Nair Devanarayanan T, Hegde M, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakara A. Interplay of dietary antioxidants and gut microbiome in human health: What has been learnt thus far? J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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8
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Protective Effects of Orange Sweet Pepper Juices Prepared by High-Speed Blender and Low-Speed Masticating Juicer against UVB-induced Skin Damage in SKH-1 Hairless Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196394. [PMID: 36234931 PMCID: PMC9572457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) contain various nutrients and phytochemicals that enhance human health and prevent the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Here, we report that oral administration of orange sweet pepper juices prepared by a high-speed blender and low-speed masticating juicer reduces UVB-induced skin damage in SKH-1 hairless mice. Sweet pepper juices reduced UVB-induced skin photoaging by the regulation of genes involved in dermal matrix production and maintenance such as collagen type I α 1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2, 3, 9. Administration of sweet pepper juices also restored total collagen levels in UVB-exposed mice. In addition, sweet pepper juices downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, and IL-23, which was likely via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, primary antioxidant enzymes in the skin were enhanced by oral supplementation of sweet pepper juices, as evidenced by increased expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase-2. Immunohistochemical staining showed that sweet pepper juices reduced UVB-induced DNA damage by preventing 8-OHdG formation. These results suggest that sweet pepper juices may offer a protective effect against photoaging by inhibiting the breakdown of dermal matrix, inflammatory response, and DNA damage as well as enhancing antioxidant defense, which leads to an overall reduction in skin damage.
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9
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Carotenoids in Human SkinIn Vivo: Antioxidant and Photo-Protectant Role against External and Internal Stressors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081451. [PMID: 35892651 PMCID: PMC9394334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced antioxidant properties in the neutralization of free radicals. In human skin, carotenoids have a high concentration in the stratum corneum (SC)-the horny outermost layer of the epidermis, where they accumulate within lipid lamellae. Resonance Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are optical methods that are used to non-invasively determine the carotenoid concentration in the human SC in vivo. It was shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that carotenoids support the entire antioxidant status of the human SC in vivo by neutralizing free radicals and thus, counteracting the development of oxidative stress. This review is devoted to assembling the kinetics of the carotenoids in the human SC in vivo using non-invasive optical and spectroscopic methods. Factors contributing to the changes of the carotenoid concentration in the human SC and their influence on the antioxidant status of the SC in vivo are summarized. The effect of chemotherapy on the carotenoid concentration of the SC in cancer patients is presented. A potential antioxidant-based pathomechanism of chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and a method to reduce its frequency and severity are discussed.
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10
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Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health Impacts of Tomatoes and Factors That Can Affect Their Cultivation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020239. [PMID: 35205105 PMCID: PMC8869745 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The research outlined in this review paper discusses potential health benefits associated with a diet enriched with tomatoes and tomato products. This includes details of previous studies investigating the anticancer properties of tomatoes, protection against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome, and improved skin health, fertility, immune response, and exercise recovery. The specific parts of a tomato fruit that contribute these health benefits are also outlined. The potential disadvantages to a tomato-rich diet are detailed, especially the consumption of supplements that contain compounds found in tomatoes, such as lycopene. This review also discusses how the cultivation of tomato plants can affect the nutritional value of the fruit harvested. Different environmental growing conditions such as light intensity, growing media, and temperature are explained in terms of the impact they have on the quality of fruit, its nutrient content, and hence the potential health benefits acquired from eating the fruit. Abstract This review outlines the health benefits associated with the regular consumption of tomatoes and tomato products. The first section provides a detailed account of the horticultural techniques that can impact the quality of the fruit and its nutritional properties, including water availability, light intensity, temperature, and growing media. The next section provides information on the components of tomato that are likely to contribute to its health effects. The review then details some of the health benefits associated with tomato consumption, including anticancer properties, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and skin health. This review also discusses the impact tomatoes can have on the gut microbiome and associated health benefits, including reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases. Other health benefits of eating tomatoes are also discussed in relation to effects on diabetes, the immune response, exercise recovery, and fertility. Finally, this review also addresses the negative effects that can occur as a result of overconsumption of tomato products and lycopene supplements.
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Honda M. Application of E/Z-Isomerization Technology for Enhancing Processing Efficiency, Health-Promoting Effects, and Usability of Carotenoids: A Review and Future Perspectives. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:151-165. [PMID: 35034944 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments whose presence in the diet is beneficial to human health. Moreover, they have a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and animal feed industries. As carotenoids contain multiple conjugated double bonds in the molecule, a large number of geometric (E/Z, trans/cis) isomers are theoretically possible. In general, (all-E)-carotenoids are the most predominant geometric isomer in nature, and they have high crystallinity and low solubility in various mediums, resulting in their low processing efficiency and bioavailability. Technological developments for improving the processing efficiency and bioavailability of carotenoids utilizing the Z-isomerization have recently been gaining traction. Namely, Z-isomerization of carotenoids induces a significant change in their physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility and crystallinity), leading to improved processing efficiency and bioavailability as well as several biological activities. For the practical use of isomerization technology for carotenoids, the development of efficient isomerization methods and an acute understanding of the changes in biological activity are required. This review highlights the recent advancements in various conventional and unconventional methods for carotenoid isomerization, such as thermal treatment, light irradiation, microwave irradiation, and catalytic treatment, as well as environment-friendly isomerization methods. Current progress in the improvement of processing efficiency and biological activity utilizing isomerization technology and an application development of carotenoid Z-isomers for the feed industry are also described. In addition, future research challenges in the context of carotenoid isomerization have been elaborated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University
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12
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Baswan SM, Klosner AE, Weir C, Salter-Venzon D, Gellenbeck KW, Leverett J, Krutmann J. Role of ingestible carotenoids in skin protection: A review of clinical evidence. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:490-504. [PMID: 33955073 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids, a class of phytonutrients, have been well established to boost skin's innate resistance against ultraviolet (UV) B-induced erythema (sunburn). Many of the published clinical studies thus far have focused on the measurement of erythema as the primary clinical indicator of skin protection against UVB radiation. More recent studies have shown that carotenoid supplementation provides even more skin protection than previously shown as new clinical and molecular endpoints beyond UVB-induced erythema have been reported. These recent studies have demonstrated that carotenoids also provide photoprotection against UVA-induced pigmentation and inhibit molecular markers of oxidative stress such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1, heme oxygenase-1, and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9. This article provides a comprehensive review of the published clinical evidence on skin benefits of carotenoids in the last five decades and indicates new perspectives on the role of ingestible carotenoids in skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison E Klosner
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | - Cathy Weir
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, USA
| | - Dawna Salter-Venzon
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | - Kevin W Gellenbeck
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Searle T, Ali FR, Al-Niaimi F. Systemic photoprotection in 2021. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1189-1204. [PMID: 33872410 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic photoprotection aims to negate the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Systemic supplements may be used as a monotherapy or in combination with topical sunscreens. Using the keywords 'carotenoids', 'flavonoids', 'systemic photoprotection', 'polyphenols' and 'polypodium leucotomos extract', we searched the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE to find relevant English-language articles. Few trials have supported the use of any of these supplements as monotherapy, impeding the recommendation of these systemic supplements as an alternative to sunscreen for photoprotection. Nicotinamide has exhibited clinically relevant benefits in reducing nonmelanoma skin cancers in trials and could be recommended as an adjunctive therapy for the most vulnerable indviduals. Further research is required, which needs to be of higher statistical power, using more clinically meaningful outcome measures with comparison to the current gold standard of care (topical photoprotection) to support the use of alternative therapies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Searle
- University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - F R Ali
- Dermatological Surgery and Laser Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - F Al-Niaimi
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Shoji T, Masumoto S, Moriichi N, Ohtake Y, Kanda T. Administration of Apple Polyphenol Supplements for Skin Conditions in Healthy Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041071. [PMID: 32294883 PMCID: PMC7231294 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical study was performed to evaluate the effects of continuous apple polyphenol (AP) administration on facial skin conditions and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in healthy women participants. Participants (n = 65, age 20–39 years) were randomized to receive tablets containing AP (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Continuous administration of AP for 12 weeks significantly prevented UV irradiation induced skin pigmentation (erythema value, melanin value, L value), although a dose-dependent relationship was not clearly observed. In contrast, no significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to water content and trans-epidermal water loss. Our study demonstrated that APs and their major active compounds, procyanidins, have several health benefits. Here, we report that continuous administration of AP for 12 weeks alleviated UV irradiation induced skin pigmentation, when compared with placebo, in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shoji
- Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 305-0106, Japan; (S.M.); (N.M.); (Y.O.); (T.K.)
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305–8605, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-8041
| | - Saeko Masumoto
- Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 305-0106, Japan; (S.M.); (N.M.); (Y.O.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1269, Japan
| | - Nina Moriichi
- Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 305-0106, Japan; (S.M.); (N.M.); (Y.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Yasuyuki Ohtake
- Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 305-0106, Japan; (S.M.); (N.M.); (Y.O.); (T.K.)
- Asahi Group Foods, Ltd., 2-4-1 Ebisuminami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Kanda
- Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 305-0106, Japan; (S.M.); (N.M.); (Y.O.); (T.K.)
- Asahi Group Holdings Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 305-0106, Japan
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