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Matralis DT, Koutinas AF, Papadogiannaki IE, Papadopoulos EG, Papadogiannakis EI. Intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of naturally infected (Leishmania infantum) symptomatic dogs before and following a 4-week treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol: a double-blinded, controlled and cross-sectional study. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:2. [PMID: 36703227 PMCID: PMC9878989 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a systemic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum with a wide spectrum of clinical signs, with cutaneous, ocular, renal and lymphoreactive conditions prevailing in the clinical setting. The immune system plays a pivotal role in the evolution of Leishmania infection and its response to antileishmanial treatment. Cytokines are important immune response mediators that are released by activated lymphocytes and less so by other immunocytes. In dogs with leishmaniosis, IFN-γ and IL-4 have been recognized as the main activators of cellular and humoral immunity, respectively. The objective of this study was to investigate intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ expression by CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of symptomatic dogs before and after combined antileishmanial treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol. RESULTS Postantileishmanial treatment CD4 + IL-4 + and CD8 + IL-4 + cell counts were significantly decreased, although no similar changes were observed in the comparisons made between the pre- and posttreatment CD4 + IFN-γ + and CD8 + IFN-γ + counts and ratios. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that IL-4 production by T cells may facilitate the symptomatic phase of CanL, whereas IFN-γ production by CD4 + and CD8 + cells may indicate its negligible role in the evolution of natural CanL and perhaps the equivocal positive influence of antileishmanial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elias G. Papadopoulos
- grid.4793.90000000109457005Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Campus, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil I. Papadogiannakis
- Small Animal Dermatology Clinic, 2 Krystalli Str., Alimos, 174 55 Athens, Greece ,grid.499377.70000 0004 7222 9074School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Av., 115 21 Athens, Greece
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Priolo V, Martínez-Orellana P, Pennisi MG, Raya-Bermúdez AI, Jurado-Tarifa E, Masucci M, Donato G, Bruno F, Castelli G, Solano-Gallego L. Leishmania infantum Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cats and Dogs: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090482. [PMID: 36136697 PMCID: PMC9505219 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum and display different immunological patterns correlating with the progression of infection to disease. Data about feline L. infantum adaptive immune response are scant. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and immune response in cats and dogs from the same endemic area of canine leishmaniosis. Stray cats (109) and rescued dogs (59) from Córdoba (Spain) were enrolled. Data about their exposure to L. infantum were analyzed by detection of parasite DNA, measurements of Leishmania-specific interferon-γ (whole blood assay in 57 cats and 29 dogs), and antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence antibody test). An overall L. infantum prevalence of 30.5% in dogs and 30% in cats were found according to serology and PCR tests. Prevalence was 44.8% in dogs and 35.1% in cats tested also for interferon-γ production. Dogs showed higher anti-L. infantum antibody levels compared to cats. More than one-third of cats had contact with or were infected by L. infantum and they may contribute to the endemicity of leishmaniosis in the investigated region. The immunopathogenesis of feline L. infantum infection has similarities with dogs but cats show a lower level of adaptive immune response compared to dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Priolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ana Isabel Raya-Bermúdez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Estefania Jurado-Tarifa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marisa Masucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Bruno
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Leishmaniosi (CReNaL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Germano Castelli
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Leishmaniosi (CReNaL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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CD4 + T-lymphocytes from asymptomatic dogs infected with Leishmania infantum are able to activate macrophages for higher leishmanicidal ability in an in vitro co-culture experiment. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:61-69. [PMID: 36087461 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are the most common domestic reservoir of Leishmania infantum, making canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) a serious public health issue. Identifying new methodologies that can mimic lymphoid and myeloid competence in naturally infected dogs could lower costs and save time in preliminary screenings of potential immunotherapeutic agents and vaccines against CVL. For that, we established a cell-to-cell communication approach between lymphocytes and myeloid cells from healthy, asymptomatic (infected, without apparent clinical signs) and symptomatic (infected with apparent clinical signs) dogs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from these dogs were used as source of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, that were posteriorly infected with L. infantum GFP+ promastigotes (green fluorescent protein). Macrophages co-cultured with purified lymphocytes were tested for the ability to control cellular parasitism, and their microbicidal function by producing nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The kind of T cell response within the co-culture was also evaluated, by assessing their ability to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). The data suggests that T lymphocytes from symptomatic dogs are more prone to produce IL-4 than the ones from asymptomatic dogs. Macrophages from asymptomatic dogs also demonstrated a higher microbicidal potential, with increased levels of NO and ROS production, compared to symptomatic dogs, mainly in highly parasitized cells. Together, our results identify the ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as, the ratio between parasite GFP signal/NO and ROS signal in macrophages as potential immunological biomarkers of failure and success of the screened agents. Our findings also propose a reliable methodology that can be used to follow the immune response in trials of potential drugs or vaccines targeting CVL.
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Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060947. [PMID: 35746555 PMCID: PMC9229064 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to Leishmania infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of clinical signs. The asymptomatic form of the disease is a major concern in the diagnosis of CVL and in the transmission control of Leishmania infection. Asymptomatic dogs are found in large proportions in endemic areas and are an unquantifiable source of infection. The present review analyzes the possible relationship between the activation of the antigen-specific immune response of the host and resistance or susceptibility to CVL. The review focuses on works that address the characterization of the humoral and cellular immune response profile, at both the functional and phenotypic levels, in infected dogs. Most studies relate the absence of clinical symptomatology to an increased proliferative response and a Th1 cytokine profile. Despite the numerous findings pointing to a differential immune response in asymptomatic dogs, the contradictory results reported in this review highlight the importance of establishing a precise clinical classification of the disease, performing more longitudinal studies, and including a higher number of animals in trials.
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de Oliveira Cardoso JM, de Brito RCF, Costa AFP, Siqueira Mathias FA, Soares Reis LE, Vieira JFP, de Oliveira Aguiar Soares RD, Reis AB, Roatt BM. IL-10 receptor blockade controls the in vitro infectivity of Leishmania infantum and promotes a Th1 activation in PBMC of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 2021; 137:20-27. [PMID: 34182228 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An important strategy to reduce the risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans is to control the infection and disease progression in dogs, the domestic reservoir of Leishmania infantum parasites. Certain therapeutic strategies that modulate the host immune response show great potential for the treatment of experimental VL, restoring the impaired effector functions or decreasing host excessive responses. It is known that the overproduction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) promotes parasite replication and disease progression in human VL as well as in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Thus, in the present study we investigated the potential of the anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody (Bloq IL-10R) to control and reduce in vitro infectivity of L. infantum and improve the ability of PBMC isolated from VL dogs to alter the lymphoproliferative response and intracytoplasmic cytokines. Overall, GFP+Leishmania showed lower capacity of in vitro infectivity in the presence of Bloq IL-10R. Moreover, addition of Bloq IL-10R in cultured PBMC enhanced T-CD4 and CD8 proliferative response and altered the intracytoplasmic cytokine synthesis, reducing CD4+IL-4+ cells and increasing CD8+IFN-γ+ cells after specific antigen stimulation in PBMC of dogs. Furthermore, we observed an increase of TNF-α levels in supernatant of cultured PBMC under IL-10R neutralizing conditions. Together, our findings are encouraging and reaffirm an important factor that could influence the effectiveness of immune modulation in dogs with VL and suggest that blocking IL-10R activity has the potential to be a useful approach to CVL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Pereira Costa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Levi Eduardo Soares Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Filipe Pereira Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Pessoa-E-Silva R, Trajano-Silva LAM, Vaitkevicius-Antão V, Dos Santos WJT, Magalhães FB, Moura DMN, Nakasone EKN, de Lorena VMB, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. Immunoprophylactic Potential of a New Recombinant Leishmania infantum Antigen for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: An In Vitro Finding. Front Immunol 2021; 11:605044. [PMID: 33488607 PMCID: PMC7819978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of safe and effective immunoprophylactic/immunotherapeutic agents against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) have been pointed out as the only means for the real control of the disease. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro cellular immune response of dogs, elicited by the new recombinant proteins of Leishmania infantum, Lci10 and Lci13, in order to investigate their potential for vaccinology. Twenty-four dogs were submitted to clinical, parasitological, serological and molecular tests, and then separated into two study groups: 12 infected (InD) and 12 non-infected dogs (NInD), and six of each group were directed for Lci10 and Lci13 evaluation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured and stimulated with Lci10 (10 μg/ml) or Lci13 (5 μg/ml), and with L. infantum soluble antigen (LSA) (25 μg/ml) or no stimulus (NS) as controls. Afterwards, the mRNA levels of different cytokines were quantified through qPCR, and Nitric Oxide (NO) production was assessed in the culture supernatants. Significant differences were considered when p ≤ 0.05. The comparative analysis revealed that, in the NInD group, Lci13 promoted a significant increase in the expression of IFN-γ in relation to LSA (p = 0.0362), and the expression of this cytokine in NInD was significantly higher than that presented in the InD (p = 0.0028). A negative expression for TGF-β was obtained in both groups. Lci13 also induced a greater production of NO in relation to the NS sample in the NInD group. No significant differences were observed after stimulation with Lci10. In conclusion, the results suggest a protective role of Lci13 for uninfected animals, thus with a potential for immunoprophylaxis. The results will help to direct the antigen Lci13 for further studies (pre-clinical trials), in order to determine its immunogenicity and reactogenicity effects, as a way to consolidate its real applicability for vaccinology against CanL.
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Giunchetti RC, Silveira P, Resende LA, Leite JC, Melo-Júnior OADO, Rodrigues-Alves ML, Costa LM, Lair DF, Chaves VR, Soares IDS, de Mendonça LZ, Lanna MF, Ribeiro HS, Maia-Gonçalves AA, Santos TAP, Roatt BM, Aguiar-Soares RDO, Vitoriano-Souza J, das Dores Moreira N, Mathias FAS, Cardoso JMDO, Coura-Vital W, Galdino AS, Viana KF, Martins-Filho OA, Silveira-Lemos DD, Dutra WO, Reis AB. Canine visceral leishmaniasis biomarkers and their employment in vaccines. Vet Parasitol 2019; 271:87-97. [PMID: 31303211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) has been well described, particularly with respect to the parasite load in different tissues and immunopathological changes according to the progression of clinical forms. The biomarkers evaluated in these studies provide support for the improvement of the tools used in developing vaccines against CVL. Thus, we describe the major studies using the dog model that supplies the rationale for including different biomarkers (tissue parasitism, histopathology, hematological changes, leucocytes immunophenotyping, cytokines patterns, and in vitroco-culture systems using purified T-cells subsets and macrophages infected with L. infantum) for immunogenicity and protection evaluations in phases I and II applied to pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials against CVL. The search for biomarkers related to resistance or susceptibility has revealed a mixed cytokine profile with a prominent proinflammatory immune response as relevant for Leishmania replication at low levels as observed in asymptomatic dogs (highlighted by high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and decreased levels in IL-4, TGF-β and IL-10). Furthermore, increased levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, presenting intracytoplasmic proinflammatory cytokine balance, have been associated with a resistance profile against CVL. In contrast, a polyclonal B-cell expansion towards plasma cell differentiation contributes to high antibody production, which is the hallmark of symptomatic dogs associated with high susceptibility in CVL. Finally, the different studies used to analyze biomarkers have been incorporated into vaccine immunogenicity and protection evaluations. Those biomarkers identified as resistance or susceptibility markers in CVL have been used to evaluate the vaccine performance against L. infantum in a kennel trial conducted before the field trial in an area known to be endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. This rationale has been a guiding force in the testing and selection of the best vaccine candidates against CVL and provides a way for the veterinary industry to register commercial immunobiological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Silveira
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Aparecida Resende
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Costa Leite
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Otoni Alves de Oliveira Melo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Luiza Rodrigues-Alves
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laís Moreira Costa
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira Lair
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rossi Chaves
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Dos Santos Soares
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Zanandreis de Mendonça
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Lanna
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helen Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Alice Maia-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaiza Aline Pereira Santos
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dian Oliveira Aguiar-Soares
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vitoriano-Souza
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Nádia das Dores Moreira
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Wendel Coura-Vital
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, CEP 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Kelvinson Fernandes Viana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, CEP 85870-901, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, FIOCRUZ-Minas, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise da Silveira-Lemos
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, FIOCRUZ-Minas, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelaz Dutra
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratory of immunopathology, Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, CEP 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Martínez-Orellana P, Marí-Martorell D, Montserrat-Sangrà S, Ordeix L, Baneth G, Solano-Gallego L. Leishmania infantum-specific IFN-γ production in stimulated blood from dogs with clinical leishmaniosis at diagnosis and during treatment. Vet Parasitol 2017; 248:39-47. [PMID: 29173539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is limited data regarding Leishmania infantum specific T cell mediated immunity in naturally infected sick dogs at the time of diagnosis and during anti-Leishmania treatment. Our aim was to investigate the kinetics of L. infantum specific IFN-γ production in dogs with leishmaniosis at the time of diagnosis and during treatment and to correlate it with specific L. infantum antibodies, blood parasitemia and clinicopathological findings. Thirty-four dogs were diagnosed with leishmaniosis based on physical examination, routine laboratory tests and L. infantum-specific antibody levels by quantitative ELISA. Heparinized whole blood was stimulated with L. infantum soluble antigen (LSA) and concanavalin A (ConA) and incubated for 5days. IFN-γ concentration was evaluated in supernatants of stimulated blood using a commercial sandwich ELISA. Leishmania real-time PCR was also performed for assessing blood parasitemia. Dogs were treated with meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol. Sixteen dogs were classified as IFN-γ non-producers after LSA stimulation (mean±SD: 0±0pg/mL) and 18 dogs as IFN-γ producers (mean±SD: 2885.3±4436.1pg/mL) at the time of diagnosis (P<0.0001). IFN-γ non-producers were classified in a more severe clinical staging than IFN-γ producers that presented a mild to moderate clinical staging (P=0.03). In the IFN-γ non-producer group, production of IFN-γ after LSA stimulation was significantly increased during treatment especially at day 365 (P=0.018) together with clinical improvement when compared with day 0. In contrast, IFN-γ producers maintained their IFN-γ production after LSA stimulation and no statistically significant changes were found during treatment follow-up. At diagnosis, IFN-γ non-producers showed a significantly higher blood parasitemia versus IFN-γ -producers (P=0.005). IFN-γ non-producers drastically reduced blood parasitemia to minimum values at day 365 when compared with day 0 (P=0.017). No significant differences were found at day 365 in blood parasitemia of IFN-γ producers compared to pre-treatment. At diagnosis, L. infantum specific antibodies were higher in IFN-γ non-producers than IFN-γ producers (P=0.014). A marked reduction of antibody levels was found at day 365 when compared with day 0 in IFN-γ non-producers (P=0.005) and producers (P=0.001). These results demonstrate that IFN-γ concentration increases with long-term anti-Leishmania treatment together with clinical improvement in dogs that do not produce IFN-γ at diagnosis. Together with clinical recovery, reduction in blood parasitemia and L. infantum specific antibodies, tracking IFN-γ concentration could constitute an important prognostic tool for immune monitoring in CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Daniel Marí-Martorell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Sara Montserrat-Sangrà
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Laura Ordeix
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Gad Baneth
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Israel.
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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