Cyclophilin A expression and its prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma

The correlation between serum Cyclophilin A level and severity, prognosis of craniocerebral injury

BACKGROUND

To investigate the value of serum Cyclophilin A(Cyp A) in evaluating the prognosis of patients with different severity of craniocerebral injury.

METHODS

The clinical data of patients with craniocerebral injury treated in the Department of Emergency from July 2014 to August 2017 were collected. The patients were divided into survival group and death group, good neurological function group and poor neurological function group with 28-day prognosis and were divided into mild (13-15) group, moderate (9-12) group, and severe (3-8) group with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Clinical parameters such as Cyp A and mortality in groups and the relationship between Cyp A and GCS score were compared and its predictive value for prognosis was analyzed with Binary Logistics regression, Cox proportional hazards model and kaplan-meier survival curve.

RESULTS

In a single-center retrospective study, 503 patients were enrolled, including 365 males and 138 females; serum Cyp A in the survival group was significantly smaller than the death group [18.7 (10.1, 51.5) ng/mL vs. 149.8 (79.5, 194.4) ng/mL, P < 0.005]. There were significant differences in mortality and Cyp A levels between patients with different severity of craniocerebral injury (P < 0.001). Serum Cyp A levels were negatively correlated with GCS scores in all patients with craniocerebral injury, mild, moderate, or severe craniocerebral injury (r = -0.844, r = -0.256, r = -0.540, r = -0.531, P < 0.001). Predictive value of Serum Cyp A level for all patients with craniocerebral injury, mild, moderate, and severe craniocerebral injury is 0.890, 0.789, 0.806, and 0.833, respectively. Logistics regression analysis showed that lactate (OR = 1.260, 95%CI: 1.023-1.551) and Cyp A (OR = 1.021, 95%CI: 1.011-1.031) were positively correlated with death (P < 0.05), Lactic acid (HR 1.115; 95%CI:1.001-1.243; P = 0.048), GCS score (HR 0.888; 95% CI: 0.794-0.993; P = 0.038), Cyp A levels (HR 1.009; 95% CI: 1.004-1.013; P < 0.001) had a significant effect on short-term mortality. Similar results were seen when neurologic function was used as the outcome. Kaplan-meier survival curve analysis found survival rate of patients with Cyp A level below the cut-off value was significantly higher.

CONCLUSION

Serum Cyp A has a certain predictive value for the prognosis of patients with different severity of craniocerebral injury. Among them, patients with severe craniocerebral injury have the highest predictive value and mild craniocerebral injury patients have the least.

CypA: A Potential Target of Tumor Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein. CypA, the intracellular target protein for the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA), plays important cellular roles through peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase). Increasing evidence shows that CypA is up-regulated in a variety of human cancers. In addition to being involved in the occurrence and development of multiple tumors, overexpression of CypA has also been shown to be strongly associated with malignant transformation. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the three main treatments for cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used as direct or adjuvant treatments for cancer. However, various side effects and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy bring great challenges to these two forms of treatment. According to recent reports, CypA can improve the chemosensitivity and/or radiosensitivity of cancers, possibly by affecting the expression of drug-resistant related proteins, cell cycle arrest and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of CypA in cancer, its impact on cancer chemotherapeutic and radiotherapy sensitivity, and the mechanism of action. It is suggested that CypA may be a novel potential therapeutic target for cancer chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Cyclophilin A Inhibitor Debio-025 Targets Crk, Reduces Metastasis, and Induces Tumor Immunogenicity in Breast Cancer

The Crk adaptor protein, a critical modifier of multiple signaling pathways, is overexpressed in many cancers where it contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, we have shown that Crk interacts with the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Cyclophilin A (CypA; PP1A) via a G²¹⁹P²²⁰Y²²¹ (GPY) motif in the carboxyl-terminal linker region of Crk, thereby delaying pY221 phosphorylation and preventing downregulation of Crk signaling. Here, we investigate the physiologic significance of the CypA/Crk interaction and query whether CypA inhibition affects Crk signaling in vitro and in vivo. We show that CypA, when induced under conditions of hypoxia, regulates Crk pY221 phosphorylation and signaling in cancer cell lines. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that CypA binds to the Crk GPY motif via the catalytic PPII domain of CypA, and small-molecule nonimmunosuppressive inhibitors of CypA (Debio-025) disrupt the CypA-CrkII interaction and restores phosphorylation of Crk Y221. In cultured cell lines, Debio-025 suppresses cell migration, and when administered in vivo in an orthotopic model of triple-negative breast cancer, Debio-025 showed antitumor efficacy either alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb, reducing both tumor volume and metastatic lung dispersion. Furthermore, when analyzed by NanoString immune profiling, treatment of Debio-025 with anti-PD-1 mAb increased both T-cell signaling and innate immune signaling in tumor microenvironment. IMPLICATIONS: These data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of CypA may provide a promising and unanticipated consequence in cancer biology, in part by targeting the CypA/CrkII axis that regulates cell migration, tumor metastasis, and host antitumor immune evasion.

Concentrations of Serum Cyclophilin A in Patients With Bell Palsy

BACKGROUND

Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is the responder protein to stimuli that cause inflammation. To date, no association among CyPA and Bell palsy has been reported.

METHODS

The concentrations of Serum CyPA were measured in 90 healthy participants and 92 patients with Bell palsy. Serum samples of patients and the control group were compared on the basis of CyPA levels. Facial latency and amplitude values on electromyography were evaluated and compared with serum CyPA concentrations.

RESULTS

A total of 28, 37, 19, and 8 patients had grade 3, 4, 5, and 6 facial palsy cases, respectively. Comparing the control group and the patient group showed significant differences in CyPA values (P < 0.001). Cyclophilin A value can be evaluated as a marker with high disease discrimination capability. The results also showed that at low CyPA, the average recovery time was shorter than that of high CyPA (41.6 ± 5.7 days vs 62.8 ± 10.2 days, P = 0.036). We found no statistically significant relationship between electromyography parameters and CyPA level. (Facial latency: r: -0.014, P: 0.948; facial amplitude r: -0.081, P: 0.713).

CONCLUSION

Serum CyPA concentrations increased in response to inflammation in Bell palsy patients. However, CyPA could not be used as an early prognostic marker in Bell palsy, low CyPA indicates the shorter average recovery time than that of high CyPA.

Post-Transcriptional Dysregulation of microRNA and Alternative Polyadenylation in Colorectal Cancer

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) repress gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) are relevant to the variability of the 3'UTR of mRNA. However, the posttranscriptional dysregulation of miRNAs and APA in CRC are poorly understood.

Method

In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DERs) and their target genes. Function analysis on DER-target genes can explain the regulation roles of miRNAs in CRC. The mutual regulation of miRNAs and APA was analyzed by combining miRNA data to 3'UTR alteration using 3' termini of polyadenylated RNAs sequencing (3T-seq) technique, and this was validated using TCGA gene expression data.

Results

Our results showed 64 significant differentially expressed miRNAs (DERs) in CRC patients. Their target genes were related to cell adhesion and transcription regulation and were prevailingly involved in the CRC-related pathway. Integrative analysis of the miRNA and APA profile revealed 16 DERs were correlated with 12 polyadenylation factors, and six of them were significantly differently expressed in CRC. We also found four DERs that lost binding sites due to APA and showed a positive correlation between the miRNA and gene expression.

Conclusion

Our study found that miRNAs regulated APA by modulating key polyadenylation factors, and several miRNAs lost their suppression on mRNA due to APA. Associating this with gene expression may provide some important clues for a deeper study of posttranscriptional cellular regulation and biomarker research in CRC. Our data provided the first evidence that the interaction between miRNAs and APA associated with gene expression could serve as biomarkers for CRC, suggesting that hsa-miR-133a-3p and MLEC, hsa-miR-145-5p and SET, hsa-miR-1-3p and PPIA, and hsa-miR-378d and YY1 might be novel and potential biomarkers in improving the diagnosis of CRC.

Microglia are both a source and target of extracellular cyclophilin A

Glioblastoma (GBM) are lethal primary brain tumours whose pathogenesis is aided, at least partly, via a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. This study investigated whether microglia, a cell component of the GBM microenvironment, mediates pro-tumorigenic properties via the action of cyclophilin A (CypA), a potent secretable chemokine and cytoprotectant that signals via the cell surface receptor, CD147. To this end, intracellular and secreted CypA expression was assessed in human primary microglia and BV2 microglial cells treated with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the oxidative stress inducer, LY83583. We report that human primary microglia and BV2 microglia both express CypA and CD147, and that BV2 microglial cells secrete CypA in response to pro-inflammatory and oxidative stimuli. We also demonstrate for the first time that recombinant CypA (rCypA; 1nM-1000nM) dose-dependently increased wound healing and reduced basal cell death in BV2 microglial cells. To determine the cell-signalling pathways involved, we probed microglial cell lysates for changes in ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, IκB degradation, and IL-6 secretion using Western blot and ELISA analysis. In summary, BV2 microglial cells secrete CypA in response to inflammatory and oxidative stress, and that rCypA increases cell viability and chemotaxis. Our findings suggest that rCypA is a pro-survival chemokine for microglia that may influence the GBM tumour microenvironment.