1
|
Wang MQ, Wen Z, Ke J, Chesters D, Li Y, Chen JT, Luo A, Shi X, Zhou QS, Liu XJ, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, Zhu CD. Tree communities and functional traits determine herbivore compositional turnover. Oecologia 2023; 203:205-218. [PMID: 37831151 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
There are many factors known to drive species turnover, although the mechanisms by which these operate are less clear. Based on comprehensive datasets from the largest tree diversity experiment worldwide (BEF-China), we used shared herbivore species (zeta diversity) and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modelling to investigate the patterns and determinants of species turnover of Lepidoptera herbivores among study plots across a gradient in tree species richness. We found that zeta diversity declined sharply with an increasing number of study plots, with complete changes in caterpillar species composition observed even at the fine spatial scale of our study. Plant community characteristics rather than abiotic factors were found to play key roles in driving caterpillar compositional turnover, although these effects varied with an increasing number of study plots considered, due to the varying contributions of rare and common species to compositional turnover. Our study reveals details of the impact of phylogeny- and trait-mediated processes of trees on herbivore compositional turnover, which has implications for forest management and conservation and shows potential avenues for maintenance of heterogeneity in herbivore communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4 Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhixin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinzhao Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4 Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Douglas Chesters
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing-Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Arong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101314, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Jin G. Do Tree Size and Tree Shade Tolerance Affect the Photosynthetic Capacity of Broad-Leaved Tree Species? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:523. [PMID: 36771608 PMCID: PMC9921863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: leaf structure traits are closely related to leaf photosynthesis, reflecting the ability of trees to obtain external resources in the process of growth. (2) Methods: We studied the morphological, chemical, anatomical, stomatal traits and maximum net photosynthetic rate of six broad-leaf species in northern temperate mixed broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest. (3) Aim: To investigate whether there are differences in leaf structural traits of trees with different shade tolerances and different sizes and the effects of these differences on leaf photosynthetic capacity. (4) Results: the effects of leaf structure traits on leaf photosynthesis were different among trees with different shade tolerances or different sizes. Under the condition of light saturation, the net photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus use efficiency and stomatal conductance of shade-intolerant trees or small trees were higher than those of shade-tolerant trees or large trees. (5) Conclusions: the shade tolerance of tree species or the size of trees affect the traits of leaf structure and indirectly affect the photosynthetic ability of plants. When constructing the leaf trait-photosynthesis model, the shade tolerance and tree size of tree species should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Song
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salgado-Luarte C, González-Teuber M, Madriaza K, Gianoli E. Trade-off between plant resistance and tolerance to herbivory: Mechanical defenses outweigh chemical defenses. Ecology 2023; 104:e3860. [PMID: 36047784 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance includes mechanical and chemical defenses that reduce herbivory, whereas plant tolerance reduces the fitness impact of herbivory. Because defenses are costly and investing in both resistance and tolerance may be superfluous, trade-offs among them are expected. In forest ecosystems, the mechanical strengthening of leaves is linked both to shade adaptation and antiherbivore defenses, but it also compromises resource uptake, therefore limiting regrowth following damage, suggesting a trade-off between mechanical defenses and tolerance. We tested for the resistance-tolerance trade-off across 11 common tree species in a temperate rainforest and explored mechanistic explanations by measuring chemical and mechanical defenses. Herbivory damage was negatively associated with leaf toughness and fiber content, whereas there was no significant relationship between herbivory and secondary metabolites (flavonols, gallic acid, tannins, and terpenoids). We detected a resistance-tolerance trade-off, as expected. We found a negative relationship between mechanical defenses and tolerance, estimated as the survival ratio between experimentally damaged and undamaged seedlings. Tolerance and secondary metabolites showed no significant association. Results suggest that selective forces other than herbivory acting on defensive traits can favor a resistance-tolerance trade-off. Therefore, plant adaptation to contrasting light environments may contribute to the evolution of resistance-tolerance trade-offs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Salgado-Luarte
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Marcia González-Teuber
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karina Madriaza
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, mención en Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Niu D, Zhang L, Li X, Fu H. Plant functional traits shape growth rate for xerophytic shrubs. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:205-214. [PMID: 34693599 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs exist for xerophytic shrubs between functional traits, involving in water loss and assimilate accumulation, can contribute to its survival and growth rate regulation in arid environments. However, growth analysis based on plant functional traits has been focused on the study of herbs and woody species. It is still unclear how the functional traits of xerophytic shrubs regulate their growth rate. In this study, we selectedeight xerophytic shrubs as samples to analyze the regulation process of the functional traits of shrubs on growth rate. Plants were cultivated for three years, and three harvests (every one year) were carried out. Factors explaining between-species differences in relative growth rate (RGR) varied, depending on whether different ages were considered. The results showed that RGR was positively correlated with net assimilation rate, but there was a significant negative correlation with leaf area ration (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf biomass ratio in the age 1. However, in the age 2, RGR showed a significant positive correlation with the morphological traits (i.e., leaf area ration and specific leaf area), but not with physiological traits (i.e., net assimilation rate) and leaf biomass allocation. Our results suggested that the fluctuation of environmental factors affects the regulation path of the plant functional traits on RGR of xerophytic shrubs. However, the analysis of causality model showed that no matter in which age, net assimilation rate and leaf area ration principally drive the variation in RGR among xerophytic shrubs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - D Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - H Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Endophytic bacterial communities are associated with leaf mimicry in the vine Boquila trifoliolata. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22673. [PMID: 34811460 PMCID: PMC8608808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind the unique capacity of the vine Boquila trifoliolata to mimic the leaves of several tree species remain unknown. A hypothesis in the original leaf mimicry report considered that microbial vectors from trees could carry genes or epigenetic factors that would alter the expression of leaf traits in Boquila. Here we evaluated whether leaf endophytic bacterial communities are associated with the mimicry pattern. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the endophytic bacterial communities in three groups of leaves collected in a temperate rainforest: (1) leaves from the model tree Rhaphithamnus spinosus (RS), (2) Boquila leaves mimicking the tree leaves (BR), and (3) Boquila leaves from the same individual vine but not mimicking the tree leaves (BT). We hypothesized that bacterial communities would be more similar in the BR-RS comparison than in the BT-RS comparison. We found significant differences in the endophytic bacterial communities among the three groups, verifying the hypothesis. Whereas non-mimetic Boquila leaves and tree leaves (BT-RS) showed clearly different bacterial communities, mimetic Boquila leaves and tree leaves (BR-RS) showed an overlap concerning their bacterial communities. The role of bacteria in this unique case of leaf mimicry should be studied further.
Collapse
|
6
|
Salazar Zarzosa P, Diaz Herraiz A, Olmo M, Ruiz-Benito P, Barrón V, Bastias CC, de la Riva EG, Villar R. Linking functional traits with tree growth and forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests along a climatic gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147468. [PMID: 33975100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits are highly plastic to changes in climatic factors and nutrient availability. However, the intraspecific plant response to abiotic factors and the overall effect on tree growth and productivity is still under debate. We studied forest productivity for 30 Quercus ilex subsp. ballota forests in Spain along a broad climatic gradient of aridity (mean annual precipitation from 321 to 858 mm). We used linear mixed models to quantify the effect of climatic and edaphic (soil nutrients, topography, and texture) factors on tree functional traits (leaf and branch traits), and subsequently, the effect of such functional traits and abiotic factors on the relative growth rate (RGR) of adult trees. We used piecewise structural equation models (SEMs) to determine the causal effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on forest productivity. Our results showed that tree functional traits were mainly explained by climatic and edaphic factors. Functional traits and tree biomass explained forest biomass and RGR, respectively, which ultimately explained forest productivity. In conclusion, intraspecific variability of functional traits has a significant effect on plant biomass and growth, which ultimately may explain forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salazar Zarzosa
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Diaz Herraiz
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Campus Humaitá, 69800.000, Brazil
| | - Manuel Olmo
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Life Science Department, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Vidal Barrón
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina C Bastias
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique G de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gianoli E, Escobedo VM. Phenotypic plasticity may mediate habitat filtering in a forest edge community. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gianoli
- Depto de Biología, Univ. de La Serena La Serena Chile
- Depto de Botánica, Univ. de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coelho da Silva D, Guimarães ZTM, Ferreira Dos Santos VAH, Grandis A, Palacios CE, Ferreira MJ. Herbivory and leaf traits of Amazonian tree species as affected by irradiance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:229-240. [PMID: 33012123 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory is one of the major biotic stress factors that affect the establishment of plants. However, the main factors that drive herbivory in seedlings of Amazonian tree species are still not well understood. Here we investigated whether contrasting levels of irradiance influence herbivory according to different herbivory indicators and which leaf traits are most related to interspecific variation in herbivory under contrasting irradiance conditions. We measured the leaf area lost as a result of insect herbivory in five tree species planted in a silvicultural system of secondary forest enrichment according to two indicators, herbivore damage (accumulated since plant germination) and herbivory rate (measured over time), and two irradiance conditions, understorey PPFD 2.6 mol·m-2 ·day-1 ) and gap PPFD 33.1 mol·m-2 ·day-1 . Furthermore, we related the interspecific variation in herbivory to a set of leaf traits: SLA, RWC, sclerophylly, phenolic compound content, tannins, condensed tannins and non-structural carbohydrates. Herbivore damage was significantly affected by light availability and species, with the highest percentage variation observed in the Meliaceae (Carapa guianensis and Swietenia macrophylla). For the herbivory rate, only the interspecific variation was significant, with Bertholletia excelsa having the lowest rates. Chemical characteristics (phenolic compounds and tannins) were most related to herbivory rates, as well as highly influenced by light conditions. Non-structural carbohydrates (starch and sucrose) were also related to the interspecific variation in herbivory. The phenolic compounds and starch, as affected by light quantity, are species dependent. Thus, the selective pressure on herbivores may be driven by species-dependent responses to light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Coelho da Silva
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Z T M Guimarães
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazon Researches, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - V A H Ferreira Dos Santos
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazon Researches, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - A Grandis
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C E Palacios
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J Ferreira
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barton KE, Shiels AB. Additive and non‐additive responses of seedlings to simulated herbivory and drought. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey E. Barton
- School of Life Sciences University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Aaron B. Shiels
- USDA National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang MQ, Li Y, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Ma K, Guo PF, Zhou QS, Staab M, Zhu CD, Schuldt A. Host functional and phylogenetic composition rather than host diversity structure plant-herbivore networks. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2747-2762. [PMID: 32564434 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Declining plant diversity alters ecological networks, such as plant-herbivore interactions. However, our knowledge of the potential mechanisms underlying effects of plant species loss on plant-herbivore network structure is still limited. We used DNA barcoding to identify herbivore-host plant associations along declining levels of tree diversity in a large-scale, subtropical biodiversity experiment. We tested for effects of tree species richness, host functional and phylogenetic diversity, and host functional (leaf trait) and phylogenetic composition on species, phylogenetic and network composition of herbivore communities. We found that phylogenetic host composition and related palatability/defence traits but not tree species richness significantly affected herbivore communities and interaction network complexity at both the species and community levels. Our study indicates that evolutionary dependencies and functional traits of host plants determine the composition of higher trophic levels and corresponding interaction networks in species-rich ecosystems. Our findings highlight that characteristics of the species lost have effects on ecosystem structure and functioning across trophic levels that cannot be predicted from mere reductions in species richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Staab
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Odell EH, Stork NE, Kitching RL. Lianas as a food resource for herbivorous insects: a comparison with trees. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1416-1429. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica H. Odell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Nigel E. Stork
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Roger L. Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gianoli E, Salgado-Luarte C. Tolerance to herbivory and the resource availability hypothesis. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2017.0120. [PMID: 28490446 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The resource availability hypothesis (RAH), the most successful theory explaining plant defence patterns, predicts that defence investment is related to the relative growth rate (RGR) of plant species, which is associated with habitat quality. Thus, fast-growing species should show lower resistance than slow-growing species, which would lead fast growers to sustain higher herbivory rates, but the fitness consequences of herbivory would be greater for slow growers. The latter is often assumed but rarely tested. In a temperate rainforest, we tested the expected pattern of tolerance to herbivory derived from the RAH: that fast-growing species should be more tolerant than slow-growing species. We also evaluated whether other plant features covary with RGR (leaf lifespan, shade tolerance and leaf toughness) and thus could also contribute to the patterns of tolerance to herbivory. As expected, seedlings from tree species with higher RGR showed greater tolerance to herbivory. Among the three plant features included, only leaf lifespan showed a significant association with RGR, but RGR was the best predictor of tolerance. We argue that plant tolerance to herbivory must be evaluated to properly verify the assumptions of the RAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554 La Serena, Chile .,Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|