1
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Erken K. Generative production and evaluation of ornamental plant potential of an endemic flax species for ecological landscape applications. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Erken
- Faculty of Forestry, Landscape Architecture Department Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey
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2
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Baughman OW, Kerby JD, Boyd CS, Madsen MD, Svejcar TJ. Can delaying germination reduce barriers to successful emergence for early‐germinating, fall‐sown native bunchgrass seeds in cold deserts? Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chad S. Boyd
- US Department of Agriculture ‐ Agricultural Research Service Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826‐A Hwy 205 Burns OR 97720 U.S.A
| | - Matthew D. Madsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 U.S.A
| | - Tony J. Svejcar
- US Department of Agriculture ‐ Agricultural Research Service Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826‐A Hwy 205 Burns OR 97720 U.S.A
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3
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Bishop TBB, Lee Molinari R, St. Clair SB. Post‐fire restoration seeding success increases with early fall seeding and simulated precipitation in the Great Basin Desert of North America. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara B. B. Bishop
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB Provo UT 84602 USA
- US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 720 North 500 East Provo UT 84604 USA
| | - Rebecca Lee Molinari
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Samuel B. St. Clair
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB Provo UT 84602 USA
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4
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Agneray AC, Parchman TL, Leger EA. Phenotypes and environment predict seedling survival for seven co‐occurring Great Basin plant taxa growing with invasive grass. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8870. [PMID: 35509617 PMCID: PMC9055296 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait–environment correlations can arise from local adaptation and can identify genetically and environmentally appropriate seeds for restoration projects. However, anthropogenic changes can disrupt the relationships between traits and fitness. Finding the best seed sources for restoration may rely on describing plant traits adaptive in disturbed and invaded environments, recognizing that while traits may differ among species and functional groups, there may be similarities in the strategies that increase seedling establishment. Focusing on three grass genera, two shrub species, and two forb genera, we collected seeds of all taxa from 16 common sites in the sagebrush steppe of the western United States. We measured seed and seedling characteristics, including seed size, emergence timing, and root and shoot traits, and compiled a suite of environmental variables for each collection site. We described trait–environment associations and asked how traits or environment of origin were associated with seedling survival in invaded gardens. Sampling seven taxa from the same sites allowed us to ask how trait–environment–performance associations differ among taxa and whether natural selection favors similar traits across multiple taxa and functional groups. All taxa showed trait–environment associations consistent with local adaptation, and both environment of origin and phenotypes predicted survival in competitive restoration settings, with some commonalities among taxa. Notably, rapid emergence and larger seeds increased survival for multiple taxa. Environmental factors at collection sites, including lower slopes (especially for grasses), greater mean annual temperatures (especially for shrubs and forbs), and greater precipitation seasonality were frequently associated with increased survival. We noted one collection site with high seedling survival across all seven taxa, suggesting that conditions within some sites may result in selection for traits that increase establishment for multiple species. Thus, choosing native plant sources with the most adaptive traits, along with matching climates, will likely improve the restoration of invaded communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Agneray
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Nevada State Office Bureau of Land Management Reno USA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
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5
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Young KE, Reed SC, Ferrenberg S, Faist A, Winkler DE, Cort C, Darrouzet-Nardi A. Incorporating Biogeochemistry into Dryland Restoration. Bioscience 2021; 71:907-917. [PMID: 34483747 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dryland degradation is a persistent and accelerating global problem. Although the mechanisms initiating and maintaining dryland degradation are largely understood, returning productivity and function through ecological restoration remains difficult. Water limitation commonly drives slow recovery rates within drylands; however, the altered biogeochemical cycles that accompany degradation also play key roles in limiting restoration outcomes. Addressing biogeochemical changes and resource limitations may help improve restoration efforts within this difficult-to-restore biome. In the present article, we present a synthesis of restoration literature that identifies multiple ways biogeochemical understandings might augment dryland restoration outcomes, including timing restoration around resource cycling and uptake, connecting heterogeneous landscapes, manipulating resource pools, and using organismal functional traits to a restoration advantage. We conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate biogeochemistry into existing restoration frameworks and discuss research directions that may help improve restoration outcomes in the world's highly altered dryland landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, United States
| | - Scott Ferrenberg
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - Akasha Faist
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, United States
| | - Catherine Cort
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
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6
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Kucera KF, Fant JB, Jensen S, Landeen M, Orr E, Kramer AT. Genetic variation and structure change when producing and using mixed‐source seed lots for restoration. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F. Kucera
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL U.S.A
- Plant Biology and Conservation Program Northwestern University Evanston IL U.S.A
| | - Jeremie B. Fant
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL U.S.A
- Plant Biology and Conservation Program Northwestern University Evanston IL U.S.A
| | - Scott Jensen
- Shrub Sciences Lab USDA Forest Service Provo UT U.S.A
| | - Melissa Landeen
- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Great Basin Research Center Ephraim UT U.S.A
| | - Emily Orr
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL U.S.A
| | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL U.S.A
- Plant Biology and Conservation Program Northwestern University Evanston IL U.S.A
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7
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Larson JE, Ebinger KR, Suding KN. Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence‐related seed traits drive plant recruitment. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Larson
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Kathleen R. Ebinger
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Master of Environmental Management Program, School of the Environment, Yale Univ. New Haven CT USA
| | - Katharine N. Suding
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
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Frischie S, Miller AL, Pedrini S, Kildisheva OA. Ensuring seed quality in ecological restoration: native seed cleaning and testing. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Frischie
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Portland OR 97232 U.S.A
| | - Annette L. Miller
- USDA/ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Plant and Animal Genetic Resources PreservationSeed Quality Laboratory Fort Collins CO 80521‐4500 U.S.A
| | - Simone Pedrini
- Department of Environment & AgricultureCurtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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Pedrini S, Balestrazzi A, Madsen MD, Bhalsing K, Hardegree SP, Dixon KW, Kildisheva OA. Seed enhancement: getting seeds restoration‐ready. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pedrini
- ARC‐Centre for Mine Site Restoration, Department of Environment and AgricultureCurtin University Kent Street Bentley 6102 Australia
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of Pavia via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Matthew D. Madsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young University Provo UT 84602 U.S.A
| | - Khiraj Bhalsing
- ARC‐Centre for Mine Site Restoration, Department of Environment and AgricultureCurtin University Kent Street Bentley 6102 Australia
| | | | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- ARC‐Centre for Mine Site Restoration, Department of Environment and AgricultureCurtin University Kent Street Bentley 6102 Australia
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10
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Improvement of the seedling emergence method in soil seed bank studies using chemical treatments. COMMUNITY ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-020-00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Baskin CC, Baskin JM. Breaking Seed Dormancy during Dry Storage: A Useful Tool or Major Problem for Successful Restoration via Direct Seeding? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E636. [PMID: 32429336 PMCID: PMC7284515 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the restoration of disturbed vegetation, seeds of wild species are collected and held in dry storage, but often there is a shortage of seeds for this purpose. Thus, much research effort is expended to maximize the use of the available seeds and to ensure that they are nondormant when sown. Sowing nondormant (versus dormant) seeds in the field should increase the success of the restoration. Of the various treatments available to break seed dormancy, afterripening, that is, dormancy break during dry storage, is the most cost-effective. Seeds that can undergo afterripening have nondeep physiological dormancy, and this includes members of common families such as Asteraceae and Poaceae. In this review, we consider differences between species in terms of seed moisture content, temperature and time required for afterripening and discuss the conditions in which afterripening is rapid but could lead to seed aging and death if storage is too long. Attention is given to the induction of secondary dormancy in seeds that have become nondormant via afterripening and to the biochemical and molecular changes occurring in seeds during dry storage. Some recommendations are made for managing afterripening so that seeds are nondormant at the time for sowing. The most important recommendation probably is that germination responses of the seeds need to be monitored for germinability/viability during the storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol C. Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0321, USA;
| | - Jerry M. Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
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12
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Kildisheva OA, Dixon KW, Silveira FAO, Chapman T, Di Sacco A, Mondoni A, Turner SR, Cross AT. Dormancy and germination: making every seed count in restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Fernando A. O. Silveira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and EvolutionFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Ted Chapman
- Conservation Science, Royal Botanic Gardens KewMillennium Seed Bank Wakehurst, Ardingly West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
| | - Alice Di Sacco
- Conservation Science, Royal Botanic Gardens KewMillennium Seed Bank Wakehurst, Ardingly West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Shane R. Turner
- Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and Attractions Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Adam T. Cross
- Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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13
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Quantifying Long-Term Urban Grassland Dynamics: Biotic Homogenization and Extinction Debts. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12051989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable urban nature conservation calls for a rethinking of conventional approaches. Traditionally, conservationists have not incorporated the history of the landscape in management strategies. This study shows that extant vegetation patterns are correlated to past landscapes indicating potential extinction debts. We calculated urban landscape measures for seven time periods (1938–2019) and correlated it to three vegetation sampling events (1995, 2012, 2019) using GLM models. We also tested whether urban vegetation was homogenizing. Our results indicated that urban vegetation in our study area is not currently homogenizing but that indigenous forb species richness is declining significantly. Furthermore, long-term studies are essential as the time lags identified for different vegetation sampling periods changed as well as the drivers best predicting these changes. Understanding these dynamics are critical to ensuring sustainable conservation of urban vegetation for future citizens.
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Elzenga JTM, Bekker RM, Pritchard HW. Maximising the use of native seeds in restoration projects. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:377-379. [PMID: 30977290 PMCID: PMC6594131 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. M. Elzenga
- Ecophysiology of PlantsGelifes, Groningen UniversityGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - R. M. Bekker
- Het Natuurloket/BIJ12 Toernooiveld 1Nijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - H. W. Pritchard
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal BiologyWellcome Trust Millennium Building Royal Botanic GardensKew, Wakehurst PlaceArdingly, West SussexUK
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