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Chng Z, Yeo JJ, Joshi A. Resilience as a protective factor in face of pain symptomatology, disability and psychological outcomes in adult chronic pain populations: a scoping review. Scand J Pain 2022; 23:228-250. [PMID: 35946872 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients suffering from chronic pain experience significant disability and disease burden. Resilience has been understood to be a protective factor in face of adversity, eventually contributing to positive outcomes. As such, the current review sought to summarize the existing literature focusing on the roles of resilience in relation to pain phenomenology, pain outcomes (including function and mental health), amongst relevant clinical correlates in a bid to promote holistic management of debilitating chronic pain conditions from a resilience-oriented psychotherapeutic approach as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment. METHODS A scoping review was conducted on empirical studies surrounding the theme of resilience in adult chronic pain populations published before 9th May 2021. The following main inclusion criteria was applied; (a) adults diagnosed with chronic pain disorders, (b) use of quantifiable pain measures, (c) use of quantifiable resilience measures. A total of 32 studies were then selected for the review. RESULTS First, higher levels of resilience were associated with a reduced likelihood of experiencing any chronic pain, fewer pain sites, better psychological response towards nociception and reduced need for analgesia. Second, higher levels of resilience correlated with better daily and physical function, quality of life, psychosocial functioning and lower likelihood of co-morbid mental health disorders. Third, resilience was an intermediary variable in the pathways from pain phenomenology leading to pain interference, depression and post-traumatic growth. CONCLUSIONS The findings were contextualized using pain-disability and resilience frameworks (The Pain and Disability Drivers Model, O'Leary's Resilience models) with suggestions to enhance resilience and contextual factors in the holistic management of adult chronic pain conditions. Future research should examine the differences in resilience between pain types as well as evaluate the efficacy of streamlined resilience-oriented interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanna Chng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Jay Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashutosh Joshi
- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, Singapore
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Bohatko-Naismith J, McCormack L, Weerasekara I, James D, Marley J. Health screening questionnaires used in the management of mental distress acquired during an injured worker’s return to work: A scoping review. Work 2022; 72:75-90. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mental distress is often endured by injured workers participating in the rehabilitation or return to work process following a physical injury. Delays in detecting the onset and treating mental distress can lead to a diverse range of cognitive and behavioural changes that may precipitate psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing health questionnaires utilised by health care providers and affiliated researchers. It reviewed their effectiveness and suitability to detect mental distress endured by injured workers engaged in the return to work process. METHODS: A scoping review methodology was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework which examined peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and March 2020 comprising health questionnaires. Database searches included Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO combining specific MeSH terms and key words. RESULTS: The full search identified 3168 articles. Following full screening a total of 164 articles reviewed the use of health questionnaires and specific criteria to determine their suitability. Most of the health questionnaires reviewed were used as screening measures for identifying both work and non-work-related psychological hazards. However, they were found to be limited in their application when considering all potential predictors of delayed return to work such as poor or stressful interactions with stakeholders, financial stress and the injured workers experience of the RTW process. CONCLUSION: Earlier identification of mental distress using an optimal MHSQ followed by appropriate intervention will reduce the risk of psychological injury becoming cumulative on a physical workplace injury. Without such complications, early return to work can be achieved with significant cost saving to the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bohatko-Naismith
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynne McCormack
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Daphne James
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Marley
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Fridman J, Barrett LF, Wormwood JB, Quigley KS. Applying the Theory of Constructed Emotion to Police Decision Making. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1946. [PMID: 31572250 PMCID: PMC6749088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Law enforcement personnel commonly make decisions in stressful circumstances, where the costs associated with errors are high and sometimes fatal. In this paper, we apply a powerful theoretical approach, the theory of constructed emotion (TCE), to understand decision making under evocative circumstances. This theory posits that the primary purpose of a brain is to predictively regulate physiological resources to coordinate the body's motor activity and learning in the short term, and to meet the body's needs for growth, survival, and reproduction in the long term. This process of managing the brain and body's energy needs, called allostasis, is based on the premise that a brain anticipates bodily needs and attempts to meet those needs before they arise (e.g., vestibular activity that raises sympathetic nervous system activity before standing), because this is more efficient than responding to energetic needs after the fact. In this view, all mental events-cognition, emotion, perception, and action-are shaped by allostasis, and thus all decision making is embodied, predictive, and concerned with balancing energy needs. We also posit a key role for the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in regulating short-term energy expenditures, such that the ANS influences experience and behavior under stressful circumstances, including police decision making. In this paper, we first explain the core features of the TCE, and then offer insights for understanding police decision making in complex, real-world situations. In so doing, we describe how the TCE can be used to guide future studies of realistic decision making in occupations in which people commonly make decisions in evocative situations or under time pressure, such as in law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fridman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jolie B. Wormwood
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford, MA, United States
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Regehr C, Carey M, Wagner S, Alden LE, Buys N, Corneil W, Fyfe T, Fraess-Phillips A, Krutop E, Matthews L, Randall C, White M, White N. Prevalence of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Correctional Officers: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23774657.2019.1641765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Regehr
- Provost & Professor of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Carey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Wagner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynn E. Alden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Buys
- Health Department, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Corneil
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences & Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Fraess-Phillips
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elyssa Krutop
- The Centre for Response Based Practice, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynda Matthews
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Randall
- Rehabilitation Counselling, School of Allied Health Sciences, Health Group, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc White
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole White
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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Carleton RN, Afifi TO, Turner S, Taillieu T, El-Gabalawy R, Sareen J, Asmundson GJG. Chronic pain among public safety personnel in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PAIN-REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA DOULEUR 2017; 1:237-246. [PMID: 35005358 PMCID: PMC8730622 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2017.1410431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic pain is highly prevalent in the general population and may be even higher among public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional officers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police). Comprehensive data on chronic pain among diverse Canadian PSP are relatively sparse. Aims: The current study was designed to provide initial estimates of chronic pain frequency and severity among Canadian PSP. Methods: Estimates of chronic pain frequency and severity (i.e., intensity and duration) at different bodily locations were derived from self-reported data collected through an online survey. Participants included 5093 PSP (32.5% women) grouped into six categories (i.e., call center operators/dispatchers, correctional officers, firefighters, municipal/provincial police, paramedics, Royal Canadian Mounted Police [RCMP]). Results: Substantial proportions of participants reported chronic pain, with estimates ranging from 35.3% to 45.4% across the diverse PSP categories. Across PSP categories, chronic lower back pain was the most prevalent. For some pain locations, firefighters and municipal/provincial police reported lower prevalence, but paramedics reported lower intensity, and duration, than some other PSP groups. Over 50% of RCMP and paramedics reporting chronic pain indicated that the pain was associated with an injury related to active duty. Conclusions: Discrepancies emerged across PSP members with respect to prevalence, location, and severity. The current data suggest that additional resources and research are necessary to mitigate the development and maintenance of distressing or disabling chronic pain for Canadian PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. N. Carleton
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - T. O. Afifi
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S. Turner
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - T. Taillieu
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - R. El-Gabalawy
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J. Sareen
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - G. J. G. Asmundson
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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