Development of obsessive and compulsive behaviors scale of mothers in postpartum period regarding baby care: Validity and reliability

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the transition of primiparas becoming mothers scale

BACKGROUND

The transition to motherhood is an important life event in a woman's life and represents an important developmental process that brings physical, psychological and social changes to gain a new role. However, research on the transition to motherhood in Turkish society is scarce. There is a need for a comprehensive, practical and reliable tool to evaluate the transition to motherhood in primiparous mothers. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Transition of Primiparous Becoming Mothers Scale (TMP-S) to evaluate the transition process of primiparous mothers to motherhood.

METHODS

This methodological research was carried out in obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics, pediatric outpatient clinics, and family health centers of a hospital in Türkiye. The sample consisted of primiparous mothers of 0 to 6- month-old babies who visited clinics and family health centers for routine postnatal examinations (n ​​= 305). After evaluating the language equivalence and content validity of the scale, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were examined. Factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha were employed to evaluate structural validity and reliability.

RESULTS

The final TPM-S had two dimensions with 25 items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution, which accounted for 59.276% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the two-factor model also reached a satisfactory model ft after modification. The comparative fit index was 0.894, the Tucker‒Lewis index was 0.882, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.079. The content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.56 ~ 0.77. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93 for the total scale, and the test-retest reliability was 0.96.

CONCLUSIONS

It is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the transition to motherhood among primiparous mothers of 0 to 6 month-old babies in Türkiye. Turkish researchers and healthcare professionals can routinely apply this measurement tool to primiparous mothers in the first six months after birth to evaluate their transition to motherhood.

Development of an assessment tool for the transition of Japanese primiparas becoming mothers: Reliability and validity

OBJECTIVE

We developed a measurement tool that may be used for Japanese primiparas to determine their progress in the transition to being a mother.

DESIGN

Quantitative descriptive study.

SETTING

Japan.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 86 and 395 participants were included in the pilot study and present survey, respectively.

INTERVENTIONS

Drafting the scale involved creating a pool of items based on semi-structured interviews of primiparas at 1-6 months postpartum. After validating the items through researchers in the field of maternal nursing and midwifery, a web-based questionnaire was used to investigate the reliability and validity of the scale.

MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS

In the exploratory factor analysis of the pilot study, we explained 5 subfactors and 57 items. In the present survey, upon conducting an exploratory factor analysis of 57 items and investigation of content validity, we were able to explain 5 subfactors and 30 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient for each factor was 0.871-0.648. The inter-item correlation for subfactors with α < 0.7 was r = 0.394-0.465. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed the following indices of goodness of fit of each model: comparative fit index = 0.838, goodness of fit index = 0.821, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.789 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.07. As concurrent validity, a correlation was identified between three external criteria and the present scale.

KEY CONCLUSIONS

We developed a measurement tool for Japanese primiparas to determine their progress in the transition to being a mother.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Through this scale, primiparas can objectively assess the transition to becoming a mother as well as developing an understanding of their state. In cases when there are similarities between results of self-evaluation and those of evaluation of others, mothers can subsequently receive various supports that can help empower them.

The Clinicians' Satisfaction with Clinical Pathway Implementation: Preliminary Development of an Assessment Scale in China

Purpose

To develop a satisfaction scale of Chinese clinicians with Clinical Pathway (CP) implementation and evaluate its validity, reliability and item discrimination.

Materials and Methods

Literature review, in-person interviews, and Delphi were used to design the scale. Data were collected in two phases using random sampling on the spot and an online survey. In the first phase, data from 239 clinicians were investigated in exploratory factor analysis. In the second phase, 513 valid questionnaires were collected and used for confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

The scale developed in this study has three dimensions (organization support, process identity, and effect perception) and a total of 21 items. Cronbach’s alpha of each dimension was higher than 0.9. The 3-factor model had enough fitness (χ2/df = 5.602, NFI = 0.926, IFI = 0.938, CFI = 0.938, RFI = 0.914, TLI = 0.929, RMSEA = 0.095, RMR = 0.045). The standardized factor loadings of 21 variables were between 0.742 and 0.949. The average variance extracted (AVE) of each dimension was higher than 0.7, and the construct reliability (CR) of the dimensions was higher than 0.9. The Chi-square difference test results showed that the difference value between the unlimited and limited model of each two potential constructs was higher than 3.84 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The clinicians’ satisfaction scale developed in this study has good construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and item discrimination. This suggests its usefulness as a tool to assess the satisfaction of clinicians in the implementation of CP in China.