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Huang Y, Qiu F, Habgood M, Nie S, Dziegielewska K, Saunders N. Entry of the antipsychotic drug, olanzapine, into the developing rat brain in mono- and combination therapies. F1000Res 2022; 11:1417. [PMID: 36798113 PMCID: PMC9925881 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128074.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Olanzapine is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. Continuation of psychotropic medications throughout pregnancy and lactation is often required as cessation could be dangerous for both mother and child. However, there is a lack of information on the transfer of these drugs into the developing brain. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats at three developmental ages: embryonic day E19, postnatal day P4 and non-pregnant adult females were administered unlabelled or radiolabelled ( 3H) olanzapine (0.15 mg/kg) either as monotherapy or in combination with each of seven other common medications. Similar injections were administered to pregnant E19 females to investigate placental transfer. Olanzapine in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain was measured by liquid scintillation counting after a single dose (acute) or following 5 days of treatment (prolonged). Results: Olanzapine entry into brain and CSF was not age-dependent. Prolonged olanzapine treatment reduced placental transfer from 53% to 46% (p<0.05). Co-administration of digoxin or lamotrigine with olanzapine increased its entry into the fetal brain, whereas paracetamol decreased its entry into the CSF. Placental transfer of olanzapine was increased by co-treatment with cimetidine and digoxin, whereas co-treatment with lamotrigine, paracetamol or valproate led to a substantial decrease. Repeated co-treatment of digoxin and olanzapine increased olanzapine transfer into the brain and CSF, but not across the placenta. Overall entry of olanzapine from maternally administered drugs into the fetal brain was higher after combination therapy with cimetidine and digoxin. Conclusions: Co-administration of olanzapine with some commonly used drugs affected its entry into the fetus and its developing brain to a greater extent than in adults. It appears that protection of the fetal brain for these drugs primarily comes from the placenta rather than from the fetal brain barriers. Results suggest that drug combinations should be used with caution particularly during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Qiu
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Mark Habgood
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio 21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Dziegielewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Norman Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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Koehn LM, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Nie S, Chiou SY, Banati RB, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Efflux transporters in rat placenta and developing brain: transcriptomic and functional response to paracetamol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19878. [PMID: 34615937 PMCID: PMC8494792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporters transfer lipid-soluble molecules across cellular interfaces either directly or after enzymatic metabolism. RNAseq analysis identified transcripts for ABC transporters and enzymes in rat E19, P5 and adult brain and choroid plexus and E19 placenta. Their functional capacity to efflux small molecules was studied by quantitative analysis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its metabolites using liquid scintillation counting, autoradiography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Animals were treated acutely (30 min) and chronically (5 days, twice daily) with paracetamol (15 mg/kg) to investigate ability of brain and placenta barriers to regulate ABC transport functionality during extended treatment. Results indicated that transcripts of many efflux-associated ABC transporters were higher in adult brain and choroid plexus than at earlier ages. Chronic treatment upregulated certain transcripts only in adult brain and altered concentrations of paracetamol metabolites in circulation of pregnant dams. Combination of changes to metabolites and transport system transcripts may explain observed changes in paracetamol entry into adult and fetal brains. Analysis of lower paracetamol dosing (3.75 mg/kg) indicated dose-dependent changes in paracetamol metabolism. Transcripts of ABC transporters and enzymes at key barriers responsible for molecular transport into the developing brain showed alterations in paracetamol pharmacokinetics in pregnancy following different treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Koehn
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M D Habgood
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S Y Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - R B Banati
- ANSTO - Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - K M Dziegielewska
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - N R Saunders
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Gilman SE, Hornig M. THE AUTHORS REPLY. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:185-186. [PMID: 32567650 PMCID: PMC7784525 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Ananth CV. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology: Past, present and future. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:4-7. [PMID: 33433912 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cande V Ananth
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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