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Grzeskowiak LE, Kunnel A, Crawford SB, Cullinane M, Amir LH. Trends in clinical management of lactational mastitis among women attending Australian general practice: a national longitudinal study using MedicineInsight, 2011-2022. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080128. [PMID: 38772591 PMCID: PMC11110594 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinal trends in clinical management of lactational mastitis in women attending general practice. DESIGN Open cohort study. SETTING Australian general practice using data from MedicineInsight. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 18 to 44 years with one or more clinical encounters for lactational mastitis between January 2011 and July 2022. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the proportion of prescribed oral antibiotics based on the antibiotic type. Secondary outcome measures were the proportion of women prescribed other medications (eg, antifungals, lactation suppressants) or ordered selected clinical investigations including breast ultrasound, blood test, breast milk culture, nipple swab culture or breast aspirate. Outcomes were examined based on the calendar year and individual- or clinical practice-level characteristics. RESULTS Among 25 002 women who had one or more clinical encounters related to mastitis, 90.9% were prescribed oral antibiotics. While the proportion of women prescribed an oral antibiotic remained consistent from 2011 to 2022 (91.1% vs 92.5%), there were changes in the proportion receiving prescriptions for di/flucloxacillin (46.1% vs 60.4%) and cefalexin (38.6% vs 26.5%). Fewer than 12% of women were clinically investigated for their mastitis encounter, most commonly a breast ultrasound (7.1%), followed by a selected blood test (3.8%). Requests for breast milk cultures, nipple swab cultures or breast aspirates occurred in less than 1.1% of individuals. Significant increases were evident with respect to ordering of all clinical investigations, with rates at least doubling between 2011 and 2022 (6.6% vs 14.7%). Large variability in clinical management was evident according to both individual- (eg, concessional status) and clinical practice-level characteristics (eg, remoteness). CONCLUSIONS Australian general practitioners commonly prescribe oral antibiotics to women with mastitis and largely in line with clinical guidelines. Their use of clinical investigations as part of mastitis management has increased over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke E Grzeskowiak
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aline Kunnel
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharinne B Crawford
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meabh Cullinane
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Helen Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Breastfeeding service, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Amir LH, Crawford SB, Cullinane M, Grzeskowiak LE. General practitioners' management of mastitis in breastfeeding women: a mixed method study in Australia. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:161. [PMID: 38730361 PMCID: PMC11083748 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is a common reason new mothers visit their general practitioner (GP). In Australia, the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic provides practical advice to GPs managing a range of infections, including mastitis. It is not known if Australian GPs prescribe antibiotics and order investigations as recommended for the management of mastitis. METHODS A convergent mixed methods design integrated quantitative analysis of a general practice dataset with analysis of interviews with GPs. Using the large-scale primary care dataset, MedicineInsight, (2021-2022), antibiotics prescribed and investigations ordered for mastitis encounters were extracted. Mastitis encounters were identified by searching 'Encounter reason', 'Test reason' and 'Prescription reason' free text field for the term 'mastitis'; 'granulomatous mastitis' was excluded. Clinical encounters for mastitis occurring within 14 days of a previous mastitis encounter were defined as belonging to the same treatment episode. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Australian GPs using Zoom or telephone in 2021-2022, and analysed thematically. The Pillar Integration Process was used to develop a joint display table; qualitative codes and themes were matched with the quantitative items to illustrate similarities/contrasts in findings. RESULTS During an encounter for mastitis, 3122 (91.7%) women received a prescription for an oral antibiotic; most commonly di/flucloxacillin ([59.4%]) or cefalexin (937 [27.5%]). Investigations recorded ultrasound in 303 (8.9%), blood tests (full blood examination [FBE]: 170 [5.0%]; C-reactive protein [CRP]: 71 [2.1%]; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]: 34 [1.0%]) and breast milk or nipple swab cultures in approximately 1% of encounters. Analysis using pillar integration showed consistency between quantitative and qualitative data regarding mastitis management. The following themes were identified: - GPs support continued breastfeeding. - Antibiotics are central to GPs' management. - Antibiotics are mostly prescribed according to Therapeutic Guidelines. - Analgesia is a gap in the Therapeutic Guidelines. - Low use of breast milk culture. CONCLUSIONS Prescribing antibiotics for mastitis remains central to Australian GPs' management of mastitis. Interview data clarified that GPs were aware that antibiotics might not be needed in all cases of mastitis and that delayed prescribing was not uncommon. Overall, GPs followed principles of antibiotic stewardship, however there is a need to train GPs about when to consider ordering investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
- Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sharinne B Crawford
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- SPHERE Centre for Research Excellence, Department of General Practice, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meabh Cullinane
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke E Grzeskowiak
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Poposka L, Risteski D, Cvetkovski D, Pocesta B, Janusevski F, Zimbakov Z, Trajkov I, Stefanovski D, Logar M, Ksela J. Stepwise transvenous lead extraction due to pacemaker pocket infection following lactational mastitis complicated with breast abscess. Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38641819 PMCID: PMC11027399 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-024-00633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactational mastitis is a common painful and debilitating inflammation of breast tissue, generally treated conservatively or with pus puncture in case of breast abscess. However, treating mastitis in patients with implantable surgical material located in the affected breast region can be extremely challenging. We present an unusual case of lactational mastitis complicated by pacemaker pocket infection in a breastfeeding mother. CASE PRESENTATION A 35-year-old pacemaker-dependent female developed lactational mastitis seven weeks postpartum. Initially, the condition was treated conservatively with analgesics and antibiotics. After abscess formation, pus was aspirated using fine-needle aspiration technique. Four weeks after mastitis resolution, pacemaker pocket infection developed. According to current cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection treatment guidelines a complete surgical extraction of the entire electronic system, followed by targeted antibiotic treatment and reimplantation of a new device after infection resolution, was recommended. However, after thorough discussion with the young woman and her family and after detailed review of surgery-related risks, she declined a potentially high-risk surgical procedure. Thus, only the pulse generator was explanted; pacing leads positioned in the sub-pectoral pocket; new pacemaker implanted on the contralateral side and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy continued for six weeks. After breastfeeding cessation, and with chronic fistula development at the primary pacemaker implantation site, the possibility of delayed surgical intervention including complete extraction of retained pacemaker leads was again thoroughly discussed with her. After thoughtful consideration the woman consented to the proposed treatment strategy. A surgical procedure including transvenous lead extraction through the primary implantation venous entry site, using hand-powered bidirectional rotational sheaths, was successfully performed, removing all retained leads through the left subclavian venous entry site, and leaving the fully functional and clinically uninfected pacemaker on the contralateral site intact. CONCLUSION Although patients' decisions for delayed extraction in a case of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection should be discouraged by attending physicians and members of interdisciplinary teams, our case shows that a stepwise treatment strategy may be successful as a bailout clinical scenario in patients with specific requests, demands and / or clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Poposka
- University Clinic for Cardiology, Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dejan Risteski
- University Clinic for Cardiology, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Bekim Pocesta
- University Clinic for Cardiology, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Zhan Zimbakov
- University Clinic for Cardiology, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ivan Trajkov
- Clinical hospital "Acibadem Sistina" Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dime Stefanovski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Logar
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jus Ksela
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Soliman Y, Yakandawala U, Leong C, Garlock ES, Brinkman FSL, Winsor GL, Kozyrskyj AL, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Nickel NC, Thiessen K, Azad MB, Kelly LE. The use of prescription medications and non-prescription medications during lactation in a prospective Canadian cohort study. Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38589955 PMCID: PMC11000278 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-024-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of safety data on postpartum medication use presents a potential barrier to breastfeeding and may result in infant exposure to medications in breastmilk. The type and extent of medication use by lactating women requires investigation. METHODS Data were collected from the CHILD Cohort Study which enrolled pregnant women across Canada between 2008 and 2012. Participants completed questionnaires regarding medications and non-prescription medications used and breastfeeding status at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Medications, along with self-reported reasons for medication use, were categorized by ontologies [hierarchical controlled vocabulary] as part of a large-scale curation effort to enable more robust investigations of reasons for medication use. RESULTS A total of 3542 mother-infant dyads were recruited to the CHILD study. Breastfeeding rates were 87.4%, 75.3%, 45.5% at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. About 40% of women who were breastfeeding at 3 months used at least one prescription medication during the first three months postpartum; this proportion decreased over time to 29.5% % at 6 months and 32.8% at 12 months. The most commonly used prescription medication by breastfeeding women was domperidone at 3 months (9.0%, n = 229/2540) and 6 months (5.6%, n = 109/1948), and norethisterone at 12 months (4.1%, n = 48/1180). The vast majority of domperidone use by breastfeeding women (97.3%) was for lactation purposes which is off-label (signifying unapproved use of an approved medication). Non-prescription medications were more often used among breastfeeding than non-breastfeeding women (67.6% versus 48.9% at 3 months, p < 0.0001), The most commonly used non-prescription medications were multivitamins and Vitamin D at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS In Canada, medication use is common postpartum; 40% of breastfeeding women use prescription medications in the first 3 months postpartum. A diverse range of medications were used, with many women taking more than one prescription and non-prescription medicines. The most commonly used prescription medication by breastfeeding women were domperidone for off-label lactation support, signalling a need for more data on the efficacy of domperidone for this indication. This data should inform research priorities and communication strategies developed to optimize care during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youstina Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Uma Yakandawala
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christine Leong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emma S Garlock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Winsor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Piushkumar J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan C Nickel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kellie Thiessen
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lauren E Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- , 417-753 McDermot Ave, R3E 0T6, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Ran X, Hu G, Guo W, Li K, Wang X, Liu J, Fu S. Hesperetin regulates the intestinal flora and inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis to protect the blood-milk barrier and prevent mastitis. Life Sci 2024; 342:122533. [PMID: 38428570 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding for 6 months, but mastitis, a common disease during lactation, presents a major obstacle to fulfilling this recommendation. Maternal nutrient intake during lactation has been shown to be related to mastitis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of hesperetin, a phytonutrient, on mastitis. The oral administration of hesperetin to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis mice alleviated their pathological damage, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and maintained the integrity of their blood-milk barrier. Moreover, our results showed that oral administration of hesperetin regulates the composition of the intestinal flora of mice. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from the mice of hesperetin group alleviated LPS-induced mastitis in recipient mice. In additional, hesperetin attenuated the inflammatory response and increased the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) in LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). Through network pharmacological analysis and further research, we demonstrated hesperetin inhibits the expression of TLR4 and the activation of NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, hesperetin protects the blood-milk barrier and improve mastitis by regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis. This study provides a theoretical basis for lactating females to consume hesperetin as a supplement to prevent mastitis and maintain mammary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ran
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kefei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Kwok CTK, Chow FWN, Cheung KYC, Zhang XY, Mok DKW, Kwan YW, Chan GHH, Leung GPH, Cheung KW, Lee SMY, Wang N, Li JJ, Seto SW. Medulla Tetrapanacis water extract alleviates inflammation and infection by regulating macrophage polarization through MAPK signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:393-404. [PMID: 37429999 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Medulla Tetrapanacis (MT) is a commonly used herb to promote lactation and manage mastitis in lactating mothers. However, its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects are currently unknown. We hypothesized that MT water extract possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects by modulating macrophage polarization to reduce the release of inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis via inactivation of MAPKs pathways. The chemical composition of the MT water extract was analyzed by UPLC-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties of the MT water extract were examined using LPS-stimulated inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus infection model in RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. The underlying mechanism of action of the MT water extract was also investigated. We identified eight compounds by UPLC-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry that are abundant within the MT water extract. MT water extract significantly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in RAW 264.7 cells which was accompanied by the promotion of macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. MT water extract significantly suppressed the LPS-induced MAPK activation. Finally, MT water extract decreased the phagocytic capacity of the RAW 264.7 cells against S. aureus infection. MT water extract could suppress LPS-induced inflammation by promoting macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In addition, MT also inhibited the growth of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tsun-Ka Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karry Yuen-Ching Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gabriel Hoi-Huen Chan
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Zhao J, Xu L, Lv L, Wang L, Wang X, Liang C, Wang C, Qiu Y, Pei X. Network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine the mechanism behind the effects of Jiawei Yanghe decoction via TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB against mastitis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21219. [PMID: 37964842 PMCID: PMC10641157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the Qing dynasty, Yanghe decoction was as a therapeutic soup for effectively treating chronic inflammatory disorders. It was used as a therapeutic soup for effectively treating chronic inflammatory disorders. In the clinical use of Yanghe decoction, the adjustment of the medication for a variety of inflammatory diseases have therapeutic effect, including mastitis. Therefore, Jiawei Yanghe decoction (JWYHD) may be used to treat inflammatory breast diseases. Methods First, LM- and JWYHD-related components were retrieved from the database and analysis platform. Next, protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to screen the key targets, and gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential biological functions and mechanisms of JWYHD. Simultaneously, the JWYHD samples were collected and analyzed by UPLC-HRMS. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to construct animal and cellular inflammation models of mastitis with LPS. Pathological changes in the mammary tissues were detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting was performed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in the breast tissues to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms of anti-mastitis effects of JWYHD from different aspects. Results In total, 103 compounds were detected in JWYHD by UPLC-HRMS. 691 active ingredients of JWYHD were screened by network pharmacology, and 47 LM-related targets were identified. The PPI network analysis of the targets revealed the 5 core targets. The KEGG enrichment results established the NF-κB signaling pathways as the core. After JWYHD intervention, low inflammatory enrichment and mild inflammatory damage in breast tissues were observed. Furthermore, JWYHD treatment affected mammary gland inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway by considerably reducing the respective protein levels and gene expression; thus, JWYHD alleviated LM symptoms. Conclusions We hypothesized and demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of JWYHD by cytokine regulation via the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, JWYHD showed its potential in LM treatment and in treating other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liuyan Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingyan Lv
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liuyi Wang
- Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Fangshan Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaohua Pei
- Xiamen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361015, China
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Grzeskowiak LE, Saha MR, Nordeng H, Ystrom E, Amir LH. Perinatal antidepressant use and breastfeeding outcomes: Findings from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:344-354. [PMID: 35170756 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antidepressant use is common in the perinatal period, but there are concerns that it can negatively impact on breastfeeding outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perinatal antidepressant use on breastfeeding initiation and duration. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 80 882 mother-infant dyads in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Women were first classified according to self-reported mental disorders and timing of antidepressant use before and/or after gestational week 28 (i.e., early-mid-gestation and/or late-gestation use). We subsequently classified women according to self-reported mental disorders and antidepressant use postpartum and whether antidepressants were continued from late gestation or were new/restarted. Breastfeeding outcomes included breastfeeding initiation as well as predominant or any breastfeeding and abrupt breastfeeding discontinuation until 6 months. RESULTS Late-gestation antidepressant use was associated with a reduced likelihood of breastfeeding initiation (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.97) but not predominant (aRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.67-1.39) or any (aRR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93-1.07) breastfeeding at 6 months compared with unexposed women with mental disorders. When examined according to postnatal antidepressant use, no differences in predominant (aRR 0.94; 95% CI 0.60-1.48) or any breastfeeding (aRR 0.99; 95% CI 0.91-1.07) at 6 months were evident among women who continued antidepressant use from late gestation into the postpartum period compared with unexposed women with mental disorders. In contrast, new/restarted antidepressant use postpartum was associated with a reduced likelihood of predominant (aRR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22-0.61) and any (aRR 0.49; 95% CI 0.42-0.56) breastfeeding at 6 months, as well as increased risk of abrupt breastfeeding discontinuation (aRR 2.64; 95% CI 2.07-3.37) compared with the unexposed women with mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS A complex relation exists between depression, antidepressant use, and breastfeeding outcomes. Antidepressant use in late pregnancy was associated with a reduced likelihood of breastfeeding initiation but not breastfeeding duration or exclusivity. In contrast, initiating or restarting antidepressants postpartum was associated with poorer breastfeeding outcomes. Overall, women taking antidepressants and women with a mental disorder may benefit from additional education and support to improve breastfeeding rates and promote maternal and infant health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke E Grzeskowiak
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Moni R Saha
- Judith Lumley Center, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, and PharmaTox Strategic Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, and PharmaTox Strategic Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Disorders, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa H Amir
- Judith Lumley Center, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia.,Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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