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Nickolov K, Gauthier A, Hashimoto K, Laitinen T, Väisänen E, Paasela T, Soliymani R, Kurusu T, Himanen K, Blokhina O, Fagerstedt KV, Jokipii-Lukkari S, Tuominen H, Häggman H, Wingsle G, Teeri TH, Kuchitsu K, Kärkönen A. Regulation of PaRBOH1-mediated ROS production in Norway spruce by Ca 2+ binding and phosphorylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978586. [PMID: 36311083 PMCID: PMC9608432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases that generate superoxide anion radicals, which then dismutate to H2O2, into the apoplast using cytoplasmic NADPH as an electron donor. PaRBOH1 is the most highly expressed RBOH gene in developing xylem as well as in a lignin-forming cell culture of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Since no previous information about regulation of gymnosperm RBOHs exist, our aim was to resolve how PaRBOH1 is regulated with a focus on phosphorylation. The N-terminal part of PaRBOH1 was found to contain several putative phosphorylation sites and a four-times repeated motif with similarities to the Botrytis-induced kinase 1 target site in Arabidopsis AtRBOHD. Phosphorylation was indicated for six of the sites in in vitro kinase assays using 15 amino-acid-long peptides for each of the predicted phosphotarget site in the presence of protein extracts of developing xylem. Serine and threonine residues showing positive response in the peptide assays were individually mutated to alanine (kinase-inactive) or to aspartate (phosphomimic), and the wild type PaRBOH1 and the mutated constructs transfected to human kidney embryogenic (HEK293T) cells with a low endogenous level of extracellular ROS production. ROS-producing assays with HEK cells showed that Ca2+ and phosphorylation synergistically activate the enzyme and identified several serine and threonine residues that are likely to be phosphorylated including a novel phosphorylation site not characterized in other plant species. These were further investigated with a phosphoproteomic study. Results of Norway spruce, the first gymnosperm species studied in relation to RBOH regulation, show that regulation of RBOH activity is conserved among seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloian Nickolov
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UniLaSalle, Agro-Ecology, Hydrogeochemistry, Environments & Resources, UP 2018.C101 of the Ministry in Charge of Agriculture (AGHYLE) Research Unit CS UP 2018.C101, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Teresa Laitinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enni Väisänen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Paasela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Biochemistry & Dev. Biology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Blokhina
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurt V. Fagerstedt
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soile Jokipii-Lukkari
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Teemu H. Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Helsinki, Finland
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Väisänen E, Takahashi J, Obudulu O, Bygdell J, Karhunen P, Blokhina O, Laitinen T, Teeri TH, Wingsle G, Fagerstedt KV, Kärkönen A. Hunting monolignol transporters: membrane proteomics and biochemical transport assays with membrane vesicles of Norway spruce. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6379-6395. [PMID: 32777074 PMCID: PMC7586744 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Both the mechanisms of monolignol transport and the transported form of monolignols in developing xylem of trees are unknown. We tested the hypothesis of an active, plasma membrane-localized transport of monolignol monomers, dimers, and/or glucosidic forms with membrane vesicles prepared from developing xylem and lignin-forming tissue-cultured cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), as well as from control materials, comprising non-lignifying Norway spruce phloem and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) BY-2 cells. Xylem and BY-2 vesicles transported both coniferin and p-coumaryl alcohol glucoside, but inhibitor assays suggested that this transport was through the tonoplast. Membrane vesicles prepared from lignin-forming spruce cells showed coniferin transport, but the Km value for coniferin was much higher than those of xylem and BY-2 cells. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of membrane proteins isolated from spruce developing xylem, phloem, and lignin-forming cultured cells revealed multiple transporters. These were compared with a transporter gene set obtained by a correlation analysis with a selected set of spruce monolignol biosynthesis genes. Biochemical membrane vesicle assays showed no support for ABC-transporter-mediated monolignol transport but point to a role for secondary active transporters (such as MFS or MATE transporters). In contrast, proteomic and co-expression analyses suggested a role for ABC transporters and MFS transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Väisänen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Junko Takahashi
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ogonna Obudulu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bygdell
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pirkko Karhunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Blokhina
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teresa Laitinen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kurt V Fagerstedt
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Plant Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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Giummarella N, Balakshin M, Koutaniemi S, Kärkönen A, Lawoko M. Nativity of lignin carbohydrate bonds substantiated by biomimetic synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5591-5601. [PMID: 31294799 PMCID: PMC6812735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether lignin is covalently linked to carbohydrates in native wood, forming what is referred to as lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), still lacks unequivocal proof. This is mainly due to the need to isolate lignin from woody materials prior to analysis, under conditions leading to partial chemical modification of the native wood polymers. Thus, the correlation between the structure of the isolated LCCs and LCCs in situ remains open. As a way to circumvent the problematic isolation, biomimicking lignin polymerization in vivo and in vitro is an interesting option. Herein, we report the detection of lignin-carbohydrate bonds in the extracellular lignin formed by tissue-cultured Norway spruce cells, and in modified biomimetic lignin synthesis (dehydrogenation polymers). Semi-quantitative 2D heteronuclear singular quantum coherence (HSQC)-, 31P -, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were applied as analytical tools. Combining results from these systems, four types of lignin-carbohydrate bonds were detected; benzyl ether, benzyl ester, γ-ester, and phenyl glycoside linkages, providing direct evidence of lignin-carbohydrate bond formation in biomimicked lignin polymerization. Based on our findings, we propose a sequence for lignin-carbohydrate bond formation in plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giummarella
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sanna Koutaniemi
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Plant Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pesquet E, Wagner A, Grabber JH. Cell culture systems: invaluable tools to investigate lignin formation and cell wall properties. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 56:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Isolation and Purity Assessment of Membranes from Norway Spruce. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1696:13-39. [PMID: 29086394 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7411-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaining membrane vesicles from different plant species and tissue types is crucial for membrane studies. Membrane vesicles can be used for further purification of individual membrane types, and, for example, in studies of membrane enzyme activities, transport assays, and in proteomic analysis. Membrane isolation from some species, such as conifers, has proved to be more difficult than that of angiosperm species. In this paper, we describe steps for isolating cellular membranes from developing xylem, phloem, and lignin-forming tissue-cultured cells of Norway spruce, followed by partial enrichment of plasma membranes by aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning and purity analyses. The methods used are partially similar to the ones used for mono- and dicotyledonous plants, but some steps require discreet optimization, probably due to a high content of phenolic compounds present in the tissues and cultured cells of Norway spruce.
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Meitha K, Konnerup D, Colmer TD, Considine JA, Foyer CH, Considine MJ. Spatio-temporal relief from hypoxia and production of reactive oxygen species during bud burst in grapevine (Vitis vinifera). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:703-11. [PMID: 26337519 PMCID: PMC4578006 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants regulate cellular oxygen partial pressures (pO2), together with reduction/oxidation (redox) state in order to manage rapid developmental transitions such as bud burst after a period of quiescence. However, our understanding of pO2 regulation in complex meristematic organs such as buds is incomplete and, in particular, lacks spatial resolution. METHODS The gradients in pO2 from the outer scales to the primary meristem complex were measured in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) buds, together with respiratory CO2 production rates and the accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, from ecodormancy through the first 72 h preceding bud burst, triggered by the transition from low to ambient temperatures. KEY RESULTS Steep internal pO2 gradients were measured in dormant buds with values as low as 2·5 kPa found in the core of the bud prior to bud burst. Respiratory CO2 production rates increased soon after the transition from low to ambient temperatures and the bud tissues gradually became oxygenated in a patterned process. Within 3 h of the transition to ambient temperatures, superoxide accumulation was observed in the cambial meristem, co-localizing with lignified cellulose associated with pro-vascular tissues. Thereafter, superoxide accumulated in other areas subtending the apical meristem complex, in the absence of significant hydrogen peroxide accumulation, except in the cambial meristem. By 72 h, the internal pO2 gradient showed a biphasic profile, where the minimum pO2 was external to the core of the bud complex. CONCLUSIONS Spatial and temporal control of the tissue oxygen environment occurs within quiescent buds, and the transition from quiescence to bud burst is accompanied by a regulated relaxation of the hypoxic state and accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the developing cambium and vascular tissues of the heterotrophic grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlia Meitha
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - Dennis Konnerup
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia, Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - John A Considine
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia, Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire LS29JT, UK and
| | - Michael J Considine
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia, Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire LS29JT, UK and Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6151 Australia
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Kärkönen A, Kuchitsu K. Reactive oxygen species in cell wall metabolism and development in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:22-32. [PMID: 25446232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly toxic substances that are produced during aerobic respiration and photosynthesis, many studies have demonstrated that ROS, such as superoxide anion radical (O2(·-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are produced in the plant cell wall in a highly regulated manner. These molecules are important signalling messengers playing key roles in controlling a broad range of physiological processes, such as cellular growth and development, as well as adaptation to environmental changes. Given the toxicity of ROS, especially of hydroxyl radical (·OH), the enzymatic ROS production needs to be tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. Respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rboh) have been identified as ROS-producing NADPH oxidases, which act as key signalling nodes integrating multiple signal transduction pathways in plants. Also other enzyme systems, such as class III peroxidases, amine oxidases, quinone reductases and oxalate oxidases contribute to apoplastic ROS production, some especially in certain plant taxa. Here we discuss the interrelationship among different enzymes producing ROS in the plant cell wall, as well as the physiological roles of the ROS produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
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