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Chen S, Geng X, Lou J, Huang D, Mao H, Lin X. Overexpression of a plasmalemma Na +/H + antiporter from the halophyte Nitraria sibirica enhances the salt tolerance of transgenic poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112061. [PMID: 38461863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The plasmalemma Na+/H+ antiporter Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is responsible for the efflux of Na+ from the cytoplasm, an important determinant of salt resistance in plants. In this study, an ortholog of SOS1, referred to as NsSOS1, was cloned from Nitraria sibirica, a typical halophyte that grows in deserts and saline-alkaline land, and its expression and function in regulating the salt tolerance of forest trees were evaluated. The expression level of NsSOS1 was higher in leaves than in roots and stems of N. sibirica, and its expression was upregulated under salt stress. Histochemical staining showed that β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the NsSOS1 promoter was strongly induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones including salt, drought, low temperature, gibberellin, and methyl jasmonate, suggesting that NsSOS1 is involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Transgenic 84 K poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) overexpressing NsSOS1 showed improvements in survival rate, root biomass, plant height, relative water levels, chlorophyll and proline levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities versus non-transgenic poplar (NT) under salt stress. Transgenic poplars accumulated less Na+ and more K+ in roots, stems, and leaves, which had a lower Na+/K+ ratio compared to NT under salt stress. These results indicate that NsSOS1-mediated Na+ efflux confers salt tolerance to transgenic poplars, which show more efficient photosynthesis, better scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and improved osmotic adjustment under salt stress. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic poplars confirmed that NsSOS1 not only mediates Na+ efflux but is also involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of NsSOS1 and suggest that it could be used to improve the salt tolerance of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Duoman Huang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Huiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
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Zhou H, Shi H, Yang Y, Feng X, Chen X, Xiao F, Lin H, Guo Y. Insights into plant salt stress signaling and tolerance. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:16-34. [PMID: 37647984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threatening agricultural yield and ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are detrimental to most plants by limiting plant growth and productivity. It is of great necessity for plants to efficiently deal with the adverse effects caused by salt stress for survival and successful reproduction. Multiple determinants of salt tolerance have been identified in plants, and the cellular and physiological mechanisms of plant salt response and adaption have been intensely characterized. Plants respond to salt stress signals and rapidly initiate signaling pathways to re-establish cellular homeostasis with adjusted growth and cellular metabolism. This review summarizes the advances in salt stress perception, signaling, and response in plants. A better understanding of plant salt resistance will contribute to improving crop performance under saline conditions using multiple engineering approaches. The rhizosphere microbiome-mediated plant salt tolerance as well as chemical priming for enhanced plant salt resistance are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Haifan Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xixian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yin Y, Yang T, Li S, Li X, Wang W, Fan S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that methyl jasmonate confers salt tolerance in alfalfa by regulating antioxidant activity and ion homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258498. [PMID: 37780521 PMCID: PMC10536279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa, a globally cultivated forage crop, faces significant challenges due to its vulnerability to salt stress. Jasmonates (JAs) play a pivotal role in modulating both plant growth and response to stressors. Methods In this study, alfalfa plants were subjected to 150 mM NaCl with or without methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The physiological parameters were detected and a transcriptomic analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa. Results Results showed that exogenous MeJA regulated alfalfa seed germination and primary root growth in a dose-dependent manner, with 5µM MeJA exerting the most efficient in enhancing salt tolerance. MeJA at this concentration elavated the salt tolerance of young alfalfa seedlings by refining plant growth, enhancing antioxidant capacity and ameliorating Na+ overaccumulation. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis identified genes differentially regulated by MeJA+NaCl treatment and NaCl alone. PageMan analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories altered by MeJA+NaCl treatment, compared with NaCl treatment alone, including genes involved in secondary metabolism, glutathione-based redox regulation, cell cycle, transcription factors (TFs), and other signal transductions (such as calcium and ROS). Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered that turquoise and yellow gene modules were tightly linked to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content, respectively. Pyruvate decar-boxylase (PDC) and RNA demethylase (ALKBH10B) were identified as the most central hub genes in these two modules. Also, some TFs-hub genes were identified by WGCNA in these two modules highly positive-related to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content. Discussion MeJA triggered a large-scale transcriptomic remodeling, which might be mediated by transcriptional regulation through TFs or post-transcriptional regulation through demethylation. Our findings contributed new perspectives for understanding the underneath mechanisms by which JA-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLing Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - TianHui Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - ShuGao Fan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Liu H, Chong P, Liu Z, Bao X, Tan B. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide improves salt stress tolerance of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings by regulating active oxygen metabolism. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15881. [PMID: 37641597 PMCID: PMC10460565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an endogenous gas signaling molecule, plays an important role in plant growth regulation and resistance to abiotic stress. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of exogenous H2S on the growth and development of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings under salt stress and to determine the optimal concentration for foliar application. To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous H2S (donor sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mM on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant system, and osmoregulation in R. soongorica seedlings under 300 mM NaCl stress. The growth of R. soongorica seedlings was inhibited by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content (LRWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and soluble sugar content in leaves, elevated activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and accumulated superoxide anion (O2-), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble protein content in leaves; and increased L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and endogenous H2S content. This indicated that a high level of ROS was produced in the leaves of R. soongorica seedlings and seriously affected the growth and development of R. soongorica seedlings. The exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS reduced the content of O 2-, proline and MDA, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmoregulators (soluble sugars and soluble proteins), while the LCD enzyme activity and the content of endogenous H2S were further increased with the continuous application of exogenous H2S. The inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth rate of plant height and ground diameter, the LRWC, biomass, and SLA were effectively alleviated. A comprehensive analysis showed that the LRWC, POD, and proline could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the alleviating effect of exogenous H2S on R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress. The optimal concentration of exogenous H2S for R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress was 0.025 mM. This study provides an important theoretical foundation for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism of R. soongorica and for cultivating high-quality germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zehua Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang J, Cheng K, Liu X, Dai Z, Zheng L, Wang Y. Exogenous abscisic acid and sodium nitroprusside regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr in alkali stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118984. [PMID: 37008502 PMCID: PMC10057120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in mediating abiotic stress-induced plant physiological responses. Nitraria tangutorum Bobr is a typical salinized desert plant growing in an arid environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of ABA and NO on N.tangutorum seedlings under alkaline stress. Alkali stress treatment caused cell membrane damage, increased electrolyte leakage, and induced higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which caused growth inhibition and oxidative stress in N.tangutorum seedlings. Exogenous application of ABA (15μm) and Sodium nitroprusside (50μm) significantly increased the plant height, fresh weight, relative water content, and degree of succulency in N.tangutorum seedlings under alkali stress. Meanwhile, the contents of ABA and NO in plant leaves were significantly increased. ABA and SNP can promote stomatal closure, decrease the water loss rate, increase leaf surface temperature and the contents of osmotic regulator proline, soluble protein, and betaine under alkali stress. Meanwhile, SNP more significantly promoted the accumulation of chlorophyll a/b and carotenoids, increased quantum yield of photosystem II (φPSII) and electron transport rate (ETRII) than ABA, and decreased photochemical quenching (qP), which improved photosynthetic efficiency and accelerated the accumulation of soluble sugar, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, and total sugar. However, compared with exogenous application of SNP in the alkaline stress, ABA significantly promoted the transcription of NtFLS/NtF3H/NtF3H/NtANR genes and the accumulation of naringin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and catechin in the synthesis pathway of flavonoid metabolites, and isorhamnetin content was the highest. These results indicate that both ABA and SNP can reduce the growth inhibition and physiological damage caused by alkali stress. Among them, SNP has a better effect on the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency and the regulation of carbohydrate accumulation than ABA, while ABA has a more significant effect on the regulation of flavonoid and anthocyanin secondary metabolite accumulation. Exogenous application of ABA and SNP also improved the antioxidant capacity and the ability to maintain Na+/K+ balance of N. tangutorum seedlings under alkali stress. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of ABA and NO as stress hormones and signaling molecules that positively regulate the defensive response of N. tangutorum to alkaline stress.
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Wang X, Yin J, Wang J, Li J. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed the mechanisms by which flavonoids and phytohormones regulated the adaptation of alfalfa roots to NaCl stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1117868. [PMID: 36818861 PMCID: PMC9936617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1117868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salinity critically affects the growth and development of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), making it necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of alfalfa's adaptation to salt stress. METHODS In this study, alfalfa roots were subjected to salt stress and transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed. RESULTS The results showed that flavonoid synthesis, hormone synthesis, and transduction pathways may be involved in the alfalfa salt stress adaptation reaction, and that they are related. Combined analysis of differential genes and differential metabolites found that dihydroquercetin and beta-ring hydroxylase (LUT5), ABA responsive element binding factor 2 (ABF2), protein phosphatase PP2C (PP2C) and abscisic acid (ABA) receptor PYL2 (PYL), luteolinidin was significantly correlated with PP2C and phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and (+)-7-isomethyl jasmonate were significantly correlated with flavonol synthase (FLS) gene. (+)-7-isomethyl jasmonate and homoeriodictyol chalcone were significantly correlated with peroxidase (POD). POD was significantly up-regulated under NaCl stress for 6 and 24 h. Moreover, flavonoids, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ABA were suggested to play an important role in alfalfa's response to salt stress. Further, GA,ABA, and JA may be involved in the regulation of flavonoids to improve alfalfa's salt tolerance, and JA may be a key signal to promote the synthesis of flavonoids. DISCUSSION This study revealed the possible molecular mechanism of alfalfa adaptation to salt stress, and identified a number of salt-tolerance candidate genes from the synthesis and signal transduction pathways of flavonoids and plant hormones, providing new insights into the regulatory network of alfalfa response to salt stress.
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Micromorphology and Histology of the Secretory Apparatus of Diospyros villosa (L.) de Winter Leaves and Stem Bark. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192498. [PMID: 36235364 PMCID: PMC9573758 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Diospyros villosa is a perennial species prominently acknowledged for its local medicinal applications. The native utilisation of this species in traditional medicine may be ascribed to the presence of secretory structures and their exudate (comprised of phytochemicals). However, the morphological nature and optical features of the secretory structures in D. villosa remain largely unclear. This study was directed to ascertain the occurrence and adaptive features of structures found within the leaves and stem bark of D. villosa using light and electron microscopy techniques. The current study notes the existence of trichomes, and other secretory structures were noted. SEM indicated the presence of non-glandular hirsute trichomes with bulky stalk on both leaves and stem surfaces. Transverse stem sections revealed the existence of crystal idioblasts. Moreover, the presence of the main phytochemical groups and their localisation within the foliage and stem bark was elucidated through various histochemical tests. The trichomal length and density were also assessed in leaves at different stages of development. The results indicated that the trichomal density at different stages of development of the D. villosa leaves and stem bark was not significantly different from one another, F(3,39) = 1.183, p = 0.3297. The average length of the non-glandular trichomes in the emergent, young and mature leaves, as well as in the stem, was recorded to be 230 ± 30.6 µm, 246 ± 40.32 μm, 193 ± 27.55 µm and 164 ± 18.62 µm, respectively. The perimeter and circumference of the observed trichomes in the developmental stages of D. villosa leaf and the stem bark were not statistically different, F(3,39) = 1.092, p = 0.3615. The results of histochemical tests showed the existence of phenols alkaloids, which are medicinally important and beneficial for treatment of diseases. The findings of this study, being reported for the first time may be considered in establishing microscopic and pharmacognostic measure for future identification and verification of natural herbal plant. Trichomal micromorphology and histological evaluations could be utilised as a tool for appropriate description for the assessment of this species.
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Zulfiqar F, Nafees M, Chen J, Darras A, Ferrante A, Hancock JT, Ashraf M, Zaid A, Latif N, Corpas FJ, Altaf MA, Siddique KHM. Chemical priming enhances plant tolerance to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:946922. [PMID: 36160964 PMCID: PMC9490053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.946922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely limits the productivity of crop plants worldwide and its detrimental effects are aggravated by climate change. Due to a significant world population growth, agriculture has expanded to marginal and salinized regions, which usually render low crop yield. In this context, finding methods and strategies to improve plant tolerance against salt stress is of utmost importance to fulfill food security challenges under the scenario of the ever-increasing human population. Plant priming, at different stages of plant development, such as seed or seedling, has gained significant attention for its marked implication in crop salt-stress management. It is a promising field relying on the applications of specific chemical agents which could effectively improve plant salt-stress tolerance. Currently, a variety of chemicals, both inorganic and organic, which can efficiently promote plant growth and crop yield are available in the market. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the promising roles of diverse molecules/compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), molecular hydrogen, nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), melatonin, chitosan, silicon, ascorbic acid (AsA), tocopherols, and trehalose (Tre) as potential primers that enhance the salinity tolerance of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Anastasios Darras
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - John T. Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nadeem Latif
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture Group, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Shi Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Jia L, Pang H, Feng H, Wang X. The involvement of extracellular ATP in regulating the stunted growth of Arabidopsis plants by repeated wounding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:279. [PMID: 35676637 PMCID: PMC9175478 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular ATP (exATP) has been shown to act as a signal molecule for regulating growth, development, and responses of plants to the external environment. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of exATP in regulating the stunted growth caused by repeated wounding. The present work showed that the repeated wounding caused the decreases in leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, and root length of Arabidopsis seedlings, while the exATP level was enhanced by the repeated wounding. Repeated application of exogenous ATP had similar effects on the plant growth, as the repeated wounding. Through the comparison of p2k1-3 mutant (in which T-DNA disrupted the gene coding P2K1, as exATP receptor) and wide type (WT) plants, it was found that the mutation in P2K1 decreased the sensitivity of plant growth to the repeated wounding and exogenous ATP application. Further works showed that the ibuprofen (IBU, an inhibitor of jasmonate biosynthesis) partially rescued the wound-induced growth degradation. In comparison, the P2K1 mutation partly rescued the wound-induced growth degradation, whereas this mutation failed to do so in the wounded seedlings treated with IBU, indicating that the role of exATP in regulating the growth degradation by repeated wounding could be linked to the JA signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results indicate that exATP could be a regulator for the stunted growth of plants by repeated wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yuejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hailong Pang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Drought Stress Response of Nitraria tangutorum as Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought resistance in plants is controlled by multiple genes. To identify the genes that mediate drought stress responses and to assess the associated metabolic pathways in the desert shrub Nitraria tangutorum, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of plants under control (maximum field capacity) and drought (20% of the maximum field capacity) conditions. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of N. tangutorum and their enrichment in the KEGG metabolic pathways database, and explored the molecular biological mechanisms underlying the answer to its drought tolerance. Between the control and drought groups, 119 classified metabolic pathways annotated 3047 DEGs in the KEGG database. For drought tolerance, nitrate reductase (NR) gene expression was downregulated, indicating that NR activity was decreased to improve drought tolerance. In ammonium assimilation, drought stress inhibited glutamine formation. Protochlorophyllide reductase (1.3.1.33) expression was upregulated to promote chlorophyll a synthesis, whereas divinyl reductase (1.3.1.75) expression was downregulated to inhibit chlorophyll-ester a synthesis. The expression of the chlorophyll synthase (2.5.1.62) gene was downregulated, which affected the synthesis of chlorophyll a and b. Overall, drought stress appeared to improve the ability to convert chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a. Our data serve as a theoretical foundation for further elucidating the growth regulatory mechanism of desert xerophytes, thereby facilitating the development and cultivation of new, drought-resistant genotypes for the purpose of improving desert ecosystems.
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Noor J, Ullah A, Saleem MH, Tariq A, Ullah S, Waheed A, Okla MK, Al-Hashimi A, Chen Y, Ahmed Z, Ahmad I. Effect of Jasmonic Acid Foliar Spray on the Morpho-Physiological Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance in Two Soybean Varieties ( Glycine max L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050651. [PMID: 35270123 PMCID: PMC8931774 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived compounds that function in plants as key signaling compounds during stressful conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of exogenous fo-liar-JA application (100 μmol L-1) on the morpho-physiological response of two soybean varieties (parachinar-local and swat-84) grown under different NaCl regimes (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM). Results show that exogenous JA application alone and in combination with salt stress altered the growth and metabolism of both soybeans. For instance, they accumulated significant amounts of Na+ and Cl-, while their K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, B3+, and P3+ contents were low. Further, photosynthetic pigments Chl a and Chl b increased at low concentrations of salt and exogenous JA. Car decreased under both salt and exogenous JA as compared with untreated control. In addition, sugar, phenol, and protein content increased under both salt and exogenous JA application. In contrast, the exogenous JA application alleviated the negative impact of salt stress on the growth and metabolism of both soybeans. Further, the high concentrations of soluble protein and phenol in the leaves of both soybeans may contribute to their ability to adapt to salinity. However, molecular studies are necessary to understand the ameliorative role of exogenous JA in the growth and metabolism of salt-treated young seedlings in both soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Noor
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
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12
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Xiao F, Zhou H. Plant salt response: Perception, signaling, and tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1053699. [PMID: 36684765 PMCID: PMC9854262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms, including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis regulation, as well as hormone or light signaling-mediated growth adjustment, which are regulated by different functional components. Unraveling these adaptive mechanisms and identifying the critical genes involved in salt response and adaption are crucial for developing salt-tolerant cultivars. This review summarizes the current research progress in the regulatory networks for plant salt tolerance, highlighting the mechanisms of salt stress perception, signaling, and tolerance response. Finally, we also discuss the possible contribution of microbiota and nanobiotechnology to plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huapeng Zhou,
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13
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McKee MC, Wilson SA, Roberts SC. The Interface amongst Conserved and Specialized Pathways in Non-Paclitaxel and Paclitaxel Accumulating Taxus Cultures. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100688. [PMID: 34677403 PMCID: PMC8538509 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell cultures derived from Taxus are used to produce valuable metabolites like paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug. Methyl jasmonate elicitation enhances paclitaxel accumulation, but also inhibits culture growth and increases phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, two side effects that detract from taxane accumulation. To understand the connection between all of these processes, a systems approach is applied to investigate cell-wide metabolism in Taxus. Non-paclitaxel and paclitaxel accumulating cultures were elicited over single and multi-generational periods, and subsequent changes in conserved and specialized metabolism were quantified. Methyl jasmonate typically resulted in decreased growth and increased metabolite content in paclitaxel accumulating cultures. Conversely, elicitation typically resulted in either no change or decrease in accumulation of metabolites in the non-paclitaxel accumulating cultures. In both sets of cultures, variability was seen in the response to methyl jasmonate across generations of cell growth. Consolidation of these data determined that paclitaxel accumulation and basal levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds are indirectly correlated with aggregate size. These approaches assess alternative metabolic pathways that are linked to paclitaxel biosynthesis and provide a comprehensive strategy to both understand the relationship between conserved and specialized metabolism in plants and in the design of strategies to increase natural product yields in plant cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. McKee
- Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Sarah A. Wilson
- Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Susan C. Roberts
- Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wang Y, Mostafa S, Zeng W, Jin B. Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8568. [PMID: 34445272 PMCID: PMC8395333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) play important roles in the mediation of plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have received extensive research attention. Although some reviews of JAs are available, this review focuses on JAs in the regulation of plant stress responses, as well as JA synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. We summarize recent progress in clarifying the functions and mechanisms of JAs in plant responses to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, salt, heat, and heavy metal toxicity) and biotic stresses (pathogen, insect, and herbivore). Meanwhile, the crosstalk of JA with various other plant hormones regulates the balance between plant growth and defense. Therefore, we review the crosstalk of JAs with other phytohormones, including auxin, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Finally, we discuss current issues and future opportunities in research into JAs in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (W.Z.)
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15
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Rong T, Chunchun Z, Wei G, Yuchen G, Fei X, Tao L, Yuanyuan J, Chenbin W, Wenda X, Wenqing W. Proteomic insights into protostane triterpene biosynthesis regulatory mechanism after MeJA treatment in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140671. [PMID: 33991668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protostane triterpenes in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. have unique structural features with distinct pharmacological activities. Previously we have demonstrated that protostane triterpene biosynthesis could be regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction in A. orientale. Here, proteomic investigation reveals the MeJA mediated regulation of protostane triterpene biosynthesis. In our study, 281 differentially abundant proteins were identified from MeJA-treated compared to control groups, while they were mainly associated with triterpene biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and response to stress/defense. Key enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), squalene epoxidase (SE), oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) and cytochrome P450s which potentially involved in protostane triterpene biosynthesis were significantly enriched in MeJA-treated group. Basic Helix-loop-helix (bHLH), MYB, and GRAS transcription factors were enhanced after MeJA treatment, and they also improved the expressions of key enzymes in Mevalonate pathway and protostane triterpene. Then, MeJA also could increase the expression of α-galactosidase (α-GAL), thereby promoting carbohydrate decomposition, and providing energy and carbon skeletons for protostane triterpene precursor biosynthesis. As well, exogenous MeJA treatment upregulated 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS) and allene oxide cyclase (AOC) involved in α-linolenic acid metabolism, leading to the accumulation of endogenous MeJA and activation of the protostane triterpene biosynthesis transduction. Finally, MeJA upregulated stress/defence-related proteins, as to enhance the defence responses activity of plants. These results were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 19 selected genes and content analysis of protostane triterpene. The results provide some new insights into the role of MeJA in protostane triterpene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhang Chunchun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Gu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Gu Yuchen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji Yuanyuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Chenbin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xue Wenda
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wu Wenqing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063082. [PMID: 33802953 PMCID: PMC8002660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most limiting stresses for crop productivity and quality worldwide. In this sense, jasmonates (JAs) have emerged as phytohormones that play essential roles in mediating plant response to abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the activation and response of the JA-biosynthesis and JA-signaling pathways under saline conditions in Arabidopsis and several crops. In this sense, molecular components of JA-signaling such as MYC2 transcription factor and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are key players for the JA-associated response. Moreover, we review the antagonist and synergistic effects between JA and other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). From an applied point of view, several reports have shown that exogenous JA applications increase the antioxidant response in plants to alleviate salt stress. Finally, we discuss the latest advances in genomic techniques for the improvement of crop tolerance to salt stress with a focus on jasmonates.
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