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Zhang H, Florentine S, Tennakoon KU. The Angiosperm Stem Hemiparasitic Genus Cassytha (Lauraceae) and Its Host Interactions: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864110. [PMID: 35734256 PMCID: PMC9208266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cassytha, also known as laurel dodder or love vine, is a stem hemiparasite of the Lauraceae family. It has long been used for medicinal purposes in many countries and has increasingly influenced agricultural and natural ecosystems by its effects on a wide range of host species. Previous studies have focused on the taxonomy and evolutionary position of different Cassytha, with the pan-tropical species Cassytha filiformis being the most widely studied. However, Cassytha-host interactions have never been reviewed, which is an essential issue related to the understanding of mechanisms underlying plant hemiparasitic and the assessment of benefits and damage caused by aerial parasitic plants. This review explores the parasitic habits, worldwide distribution, and host range of Cassytha, and examines its impacts on the biology of host plants and the overall influence of environmental changes on Cassytha-host associations. We also comment on areas of future research directions that require to better understanding Cassytha-host interactions. It appeared that some traits, such as flowering phenology, facilitated Cassytha's widespread distribution and successful parasitism and that Cassytha preferred woody species rather than herbaceous species as a host, and preferred species from certain families as hosts, such as Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Cassytha often decreased biomass and impacted the physiology of host species and global environmental changes seemed to intensify the negative impacts of Cassytha on their hosts. Cassytha was not only a noxious weed, but can also function as a biocontrol agent to mitigate alien plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zhang
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Berwick, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Kushan U. Tennakoon
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Berwick, VIC, Australia
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Sui X, Guan K, Chen Y, Xue R, Li A. A Legume Host Benefits More from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Than a Grass Host in the Presence of a Root Hemiparasitic Plant. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020440. [PMID: 35208894 PMCID: PMC8880661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, most plants parasitized by root hemiparasites are also colonized by mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, highlighting the prevalence of this tripartite interaction. AM colonization is generally found to improve the growth of parasitized legumes but has little impact on grass hosts parasitized by root hemiparasites, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment to test the influence of AM fungus (Glomus mosseae) on the growth and photosynthesis of leguminous Trifolium repens and gramineous Elymus nutans in the presence of a root hemiparasitic plant (Pedicularis kansuensis). The results showed that inoculation with AM fungi significantly improved the growth performance of parasitized legumes via enhancing their nutrient status and photosynthetic capacity, even though a larger P. kansuensis parasitized the legume host in the AM treatment. In contrast, AM colonization slightly improved the shoot DW of grass hosts by suppressing haustoria formation and the growth of P. kansuensis. Our results demonstrated that legume hosts benefit more from AM inoculation than grass hosts in the presence of hemiparasitic plants, and set out the various mechanisms. This study provides new clues for parsing the tritrophic interaction of AM fungi, parasitic plants, and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Sui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.S.); (K.G.); (Y.C.); (R.X.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kaiyun Guan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.S.); (K.G.); (Y.C.); (R.X.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.S.); (K.G.); (Y.C.); (R.X.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ruijuan Xue
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.S.); (K.G.); (Y.C.); (R.X.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Airong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.S.); (K.G.); (Y.C.); (R.X.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0871-65225907
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