High-throughput screening of secondary metabolites by Sorbus pohuashanensis cells under environmental stress using UHPLC-QTOF combined with AntDAS

Metabolic and Transcriptional Stress Memory in Sorbus pohuashanensis Suspension Cells Induced by Yeast Extract

Plant stress memory can provide the benefits of enhanced protection against additional stress exposure. Here, we aimed to explore the responses of recurrent and non-recurrent yeast extract (YE) stresses in Sorbus pohuashanensis suspension cells (SPSCs) at metabolomics and transcriptional levels. Biochemical analyses showed that the cell wall integrity and antioxidation capacity of SPSCs in the pretreated group were evidently improved. Metabolic analysis showed that there were 39 significantly altered metabolites in the pretreated group compared to the non-pretreated group. Based on the transcriptome analysis, 219 differentially expressed genes were obtained, which were highly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, circadian rhythm-plant, oxidative phosphorylation, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis involved in the production of biphenyl phytoalexins may play a critical role in the memory response of SPSC to YE, and the key memory genes were also identified, including PAL1, BIS1, and BIS3. Collectively, the above results demonstrated that the memory responses of SPSC to YE were significant in almost all levels, which would be helpful for better understanding the adaptation mechanisms of medicinal plants in response to biotic stress, and laid a biotechnological foundation to accumulate favorable antimicrobial drug candidates from plant suspension cells.

1-Methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole as the main marker of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine exposure in plants

With their wide application in chemical industry, human health and environmental toxic effects of hydrazines arise extensive concerns. Although hydrazine exposure is known to lead to inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in plants, there are few reports about the mechanism of oxidation or transformation ways of hydrazines in plant tissue. In this research, garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) were used as model plant objects to study 1,1-dimethylhydrazine exposure in vitro using the GC-MS system. The seed germination and plant growth experiments were carried out in Petri dishes using an aqueous media. Among the detected 1,1-dimethylhydrazine transformation products in plant tissues, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole had the highest intensity and reproducibility. In our research, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole formed at all contaminant concentrations in an extremely short period. This preliminary study determined 1,1-dimethylhydrazine environment contamination by detecting 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in combination with other transformation products.