1
|
Joffe R, Tosens T, Berthe A, Jolivet Y, Niinemets Ü, Gandin A. Reduced mesophyll conductance under chronic O 3 exposure in poplar reflects thicker cell walls and increased subcellular diffusion pathway lengths according to the anatomical model. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39101376 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is one of the most harmful and widespread air pollutants, affecting crop yield and plant health worldwide. There is evidence that O3 reduces the major limiting factor of photosynthesis, namely CO2 mesophyll conductance (gm), but there is little quantitative information of O3-caused changes in key leaf anatomical traits and their impact on gm. We exposed two O3-responsive clones of the economically important tree species Populus × canadensis Moench to 120 ppb O3 for 21 days. An anatomical diffusion model within the leaf was used to analyse the entire CO2 diffusion pathway from substomatal cavities to carboxylation sites and determine the importance of each structural and subcellular component as a limiting factor. gm decreased substantially under O3 and was found to be the most important limitation of photosynthesis. This decrease was mostly driven by an increased cell wall thickness and length of subcellular diffusion pathway caused by altered interchloroplast spacing and chloroplast positioning. By contrast, the prominent leaf integrative trait leaf dry mass per area was neither affected nor related to gm under O3. The observed relationship between gm and anatomy, however, was clone-dependent, suggesting that mechanisms regulating gm may differ considerably between closely related plant lines. Our results confirm the need for further studies on factors constraining gm under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Joffe
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, Nancy, France
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Audrey Berthe
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, Nancy, France
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, Nancy, France
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anthony Gandin
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoshika Y, Cotrozzi L, Gavrichkova O, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Scartazza A, Paoletti E. Functional responses of two Mediterranean pine species in an ozone Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1548-1561. [PMID: 37209141 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the phytotoxic and widespread ozone (O3) pollution may be species specific, but knowledge on Mediterranean conifer responses to long-term realistic exposure is still limited. We examined responses regarding to photosynthesis, needle biochemical stress markers and carbon and nitrogen (N) isotopes of two Mediterranean pine species (Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinea L.). Seedlings were grown in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure experiment with three levels of O3 (ambient air, AA [38.7 p.p.b. as daily average]; 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA) during the growing season (May-October 2019). In P. halepensis, O3 caused a significant decrease in the photosynthetic rate, which was mainly due to a reduction of both stomatal and mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2. Isotopic analyses indicated a cumulative or memory effect of O3 exposure on this species, as the negative effects were highlighted only in the late growing season in association with a reduced biochemical defense capacity. On the other hand, there was no clear effect of O3 on photosynthesis in P. pinea. However, this species showed enhanced N allocation to leaves to compensate for reduced photosynthetic N- use efficiency. We conclude that functional responses to O3 are different between the two species determining that P. halepensis with thin needles was relatively sensitive to O3, while P. pinea with thicker needles was more resistant due to a potentially low O3 load per unit mass of mesophyll cells, which may affect species-specific resilience in O3-polluted Mediterranean pine forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Firenze Unit, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
- Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, Potenza 85050, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa I-56124, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Headquarters Porano, Via G. Marconi 2, Porano 05010, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa I-56124, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa I-56124, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa Unit, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Firenze Unit, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
- Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, Potenza 85050, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Yin Y, Zhu Y, Song K, Ding W. Favorable physiological and morphological effects of molybdenum nanoparticles on tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): root irrigation is superior to foliar spraying. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220109. [PMID: 37719206 PMCID: PMC10501311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nano fertilizers can provide efficient solutions to the increasing problem of nutrient deficiency caused by low availability. However, the most important prerequisite is to fully understand whether nanomaterials induce phytotoxicity in plants under a variety of different conditions. The mechanisms underlying interactions between molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) and plants with respect to their uptake and biological effects on crops are still not fully understood. Methods In this study, the impacts of Mo NPs over a range of concentrations (0, 25, and 100 μg/mL) on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedling growth were comparatively evaluated under foliar applications and root irrigation. Results The results indicated that more significant active biological effects were observed with root irrigation application of Mo NPs than with foliar spraying. The agronomic attributes, water content and sugar content of Mo NPs-exposed seedlings were positively affected, and morphologically, Mo NPs induced root cell lignification and more vascular bundles and vessels in tobacco tissues, especially when applied by means of root irrigation. Moreover, the photosynthetic rate was improved by 131.4% for root exposure to 100 μg/mL Mo NPs, mainly due to the increased chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. A significant concentration-dependent increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) and defensive enzyme activity for the Mo NPs-treated tobacco seedlings were detected compared to the controls. Significantly improved absorption of Mo by exposed tobacco seedlings was confirmed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in tobacco tissues, regardless of application method. However, the accumulation of Mo in roots increased by 13.94 times, when roots were exposed to 100 mg/L Mo NPs, higher than that under treatment with foliar spray. Additionally, Mo NPs activated the expression of several genes related to photosynthesis and aquaporin processes. Discussion The present investigations offer a better understanding of Mo NPs-plant interactions in terrestrial ecosystems and provide a new strategy for the application of Mo NPs as nano fertilizers in crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li K, Hayes F, Chadwick DR, Wang J, Zou J, Jones DL. Changes in microbial community composition drive the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to elevated ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114142. [PMID: 35995222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing tropospheric ozone poses a potential threat to both above- and belowground components of the terrestrial biosphere. Microorganisms are the main drivers of soil ecological processes, however, the link between soil microbial communities and ecological functions under elevated ozone remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the responses of three crop seedlings (i.e., soybean, maize, and wheat) growth and soil microbial communities to elevated ozone (40 ppb O3 above ambient air) in a pot experiment in the solardomes. Results showed that elevated ozone adversely affected ecosystem multifunctionality by reducing crop biomass, inhibiting soil extracellular enzyme activities, and altering nutrient availability. Elevated ozone increased bacterial and fungal co-occurrence network complexity, negatively correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality. Changes in the relative abundance of some specific bacteria and fungi were associated with multiple ecosystem functioning. In addition, elevated ozone significantly affected fungal community composition but not bacterial community composition and microbial alpha-diversity. Crop type played a key role in determining bacterial alpha-diversity and microbial community composition. In conclusion, our findings suggest that short-term elevated ozone could lead to a decrease in ecosystem multifunctionality associated with changes in the complexity of microbial networks in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - David R Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uhl B, Wölfling M, Bässler C. Mediterranean moth diversity is sensitive to increasing temperatures and drought under climate change. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14473. [PMID: 36008549 PMCID: PMC9411567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects ecosystems worldwide and is threatening biodiversity. Insects, as ectotherm organisms, are strongly dependent on the thermal environment. Yet, little is known about the effects of summer heat and drought on insect diversity. In the Mediterranean climate zone, a region strongly affected by climate change, hot summers might have severe effects on insect communities. Especially the larval stage might be sensitive to thermal variation, as larvae—compared to other life stages—cannot avoid hot temperatures and drought by dormancy. Here we ask, whether inter-annual fluctuations in Mediterranean moth diversity can be explained by temperature (TLarv) and precipitation during larval development (HLarv). To address our question, we analyzed moth communities of a Mediterranean coastal forest during the last 20 years. For species with summer-developing larvae, species richness was significantly negatively correlated with TLarv, while the community composition was affected by both, TLarv and HLarv. Therefore, summer-developing larvae seem particularly sensitive to climate change, as hot summers might exceed the larval temperature optima and drought reduces food plant quality. Increasing frequency and severity of temperature and drought extremes due to climate change, therefore, might amplify insect decline in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Uhl
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Claus Bässler
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Significant Loss of Ecosystem Services by Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Coastal Area. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean coastal areas are among the most threated forest ecosystems in the northern hemisphere due to concurrent biotic and abiotic stresses. These may affect plants functionality and, consequently, their capacity to provide ecosystem services. In this study, we integrated ground-level and satellite-level measurements to estimate the capacity of a 46.3 km2 Estate to sequestrate air pollutants from the atmosphere, transported to the study site from the city of Rome. By means of a multi-layer canopy model, we also evaluated forest capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services. Due to a significant loss in forest cover, estimated by satellite data as −6.8% between 2014 and 2020, we found that the carbon sink capacity decreased by 34% during the considered period. Furthermore, pollutant deposition on tree crowns has reduced by 39%, 46% and 35% for PM, NO2 and O3, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of developing an integrated approach combining ground measurements, modelling and satellite data to link air quality and plant functionality as key elements to improve the effectiveness of estimate of ecosystem services.
Collapse
|