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Sharma M, Sarode SC, Sarode G, Radhakrishnan R. Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis - Reassessing the biology of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:320-328. [PMID: 38395254 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive tissue healing resulting from physical, chemical, or mechanical trauma. Notably, areca nut consumption significantly contributes to the development of oral fibrosis. The current definition of OSF, recognizing its potential for malignant transformation, necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology and etiology. HIGHLIGHTS Areca nut induces fibrotic pathways by upregulating inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and expressing additional cytokines. Moreover, it triggers the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, characterized by α-SMA and γSMA expression, resulting in accelerated collagen production. Arecoline, a component of areca nut, has been shown to elevate levels of reactive oxygen species, upregulate the expression of various cytokines, and activate specific signaling pathways (MEK, COX2, PI3K), all contributing to fibrosis. Therefore, we propose redefining OSF as "Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis" (AIOF) to align with current epistemology, emphasizing its distinctive association with areca nut consumption. The refined definition enhances our ability to develop targeted interventions, thus contributing to more effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis worldwide. CONCLUSION Arecoline plays a crucial role as a mediator in fibrosis development, contributing to extracellular matrix accumulation in OSF. The re-evaluation of OSF as AIOF offers a more accurate representation of the condition. This nuanced perspective is essential for distinguishing AIOF from other forms of oral fibrosis and advancing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 18, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 18, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India; Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
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2
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Yang N, Guo J, Zhang J, Gao S, Xiang Q, Wen J, Huang Y, Rao C, Chen Y. A toxicological review of alkaloids. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38465444 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2326051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds with complex structures found in natural plants. To further improve the understanding of plant alkaloids, this review focuses on the classification, toxicity and mechanisms of action, providing insight into the occurrence of alkaloid-poisoning events and guiding the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications. Based on their chemical structure, alkaloids can be divided into organic amines, diterpenoids, pyridines, isoquinolines, indoles, pyrrolidines, steroids, imidazoles and purines. The mechanisms of toxicity of alkaloids, including neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and cytotoxicity, have also been reviewed. Some cases of alkaloid poisoning have been introduced when used as food or clinically, including accidental food poisoning, excessive consumption, and poisoning caused by the improper use of alkaloids in a clinical setting, and the importance of safety evaluation was illustrated. This review summarizes the toxicity and mechanism of action of alkaloids and provides evidence for the need for the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Zhi Y, Wang Q, Zi M, Zhang S, Ge J, Liu K, Lu L, Fan C, Yan Q, Shi L, Chen P, Fan S, Liao Q, Guo C, Wang F, Gong Z, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Spatial Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Landscapes of Oral Submucous Fibrosis-Derived Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306515. [PMID: 38229179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In South and Southeast Asia, the habit of chewing betel nuts is prevalent, which leads to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a well-established precancerous lesion, and a portion of OSF cases eventually progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of OSCC from OSF are poorly understood. In this study, the leading-edge techniques of Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) and Spatial Metabolomics (SM) are integrated to obtain spatial location information of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, as well as the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes in OSF-derived OSCC tissues. This work reveals for the first time that some OSF-derived OSCC cells undergo partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) within the in situ carcinoma (ISC) region, eventually acquiring fibroblast-like phenotypes and participating in collagen deposition. Complex interactions among epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are demonstrated. Most importantly, significant metabolic reprogramming in OSF-derived OSCC, including abnormal polyamine metabolism, potentially playing a pivotal role in promoting tumorigenesis and immune evasion is discovered. The ST and SM data in this study shed new light on deciphering the mechanisms of OSF-derived OSCC. The work also offers invaluable clues for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Moxin Zi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Linsong Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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Yang X, Zhao H, Li R, Chen Y, Xu Z, Shang Z. Stromal thrombospondin 1 suppresses angiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:17. [PMID: 38403794 PMCID: PMC10894862 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A decline in mucosal vascularity is a histological hallmark of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a premalignant disease that is largely induced by betel quid chewing. However, the lack of available models has challenged studies of angiogenesis in OSF. Here, we found that the expression of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), an endogenous angiostatic protein, was elevated in the stroma of tissues with OSF. Using a fibroblast-attached organoid (FAO) model, the overexpression of THBS1 in OSF was stably recapitulated in vitro. In the FAO model, treatment with arecoline, a major pathogenic component in areca nuts, enhanced the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by epithelial cells, which then promoted the expression of THBS1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incorporated into the FAO to mimic the vascularized component. Overexpression of THBS1 in fibroblasts drastically suppressed the sprouting ability of endothelial cells in vascularized FAOs (vFAOs). Consistently, treatment with arecoline reduced the expression of CD31 in vFAOs, and this effect was attenuated when the endothelial cells were preincubated with neutralizing antibody of CD36, a receptor of THBS1. Finally, in an arecoline-induced rat OSF model, THBS1 inhibition alleviated collagen deposition and the decline in vascularity in vivo. Overall, we exploited an assembled organoid model to study OSF pathogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting THBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Zhu L, Gou W, Ou L, Liu B, Liu M, Feng H. Role and new insights of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in fibrotic diseases. APMIS 2024; 132:55-67. [PMID: 37957836 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is one of the most worrisome complications of chronic inflammatory diseases, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and ultimately, death. The most notable pathological characteristic of fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen and fibronectin adjacent to foci of inflammation or damage. The human microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4), an important member of the superfamily of fibrinogen-related proteins, is considered to have an extremely important role in ECM transformation of fibrogenesis. This review summarizes the structure, characteristics, and physiological functions of MFAP4 and the importance of MFAP4 in various fibrotic diseases. Meanwhile, we elaborated the underlying actions and mechanisms of MFAP4 in the development of fibrosis, suggesting that a better understand of MFAP4 broadens novel perspective for early screening, diagnosis, prognostic risk assessment, and treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Gou
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lijia Ou
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Changsha, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binjie Liu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manyi Liu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mehta CH, Paliwal S, Muttigi MS, Seetharam RN, Prasad ASB, Nayak Y, Acharya S, Nayak UY. Polyphenol-based targeted therapy for oral submucous fibrosis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2349-2368. [PMID: 37106237 PMCID: PMC10518296 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and precancerous condition mainly caused by chewing areca nut. Currently, OSF therapy includes intralesional injection of corticosteroids with limited therapeutic success in disease management. Therefore, a combined approach of in silico, in vitro and in vivo drug development can be helpful. Polyphenols are relatively safer than other synthetic counterparts. We used selected polyphenols to shortlist the most suitable compound by in silico tools. Based on the in silico results, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin (QUR), resveratrol, and curcumin had higher affinity and stability with the selected protein targets, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and lysyl oxidase (LOX). The efficacy of selected polyphenols was studied in primary buccal mucosal fibroblasts followed by in vivo areca nut extract induced rat OSF model. In in vitro studies, the induced fibroblast cells were treated with EGCG and QUR. EGCG was safer at higher concentrations and more efficient in reducing TGF-β1, collagen type-1A2 and type-3A1 mRNA expression than QUR. In vivo studies confirmed that the EGCG hydrogel was efficient in improving the disease conditions compared to the standard treatment betamethasone injection with significant reduction in TGF-β1 and collagen concentrations with increase in mouth opening. EGCG can be considered as a potential, safer and efficient phytomolecule for OSF therapy and its mucoadhesive topical formulation help in the improvement of patient compliance without any side effects. Highlights Potential polyphenols were shortlisted to treat oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) using in silico tools Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) significantly reduced TGF-β1 and collagen both in vitro and in vivo EGCG hydrogel enhanced antioxidant defense, modulated inflammation by reducing TGF-β1 and improved mouth opening in OSF rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Hasmukh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivangi Paliwal
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruthi Acharya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Liu PF, Chang YF. The Controversial Roles of Areca Nut: Medicine or Toxin? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108996. [PMID: 37240342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is used for traditional herbal medicine and social activities in several countries. It was used as early as about A.D. 25-220 as a remedy. Traditionally, AN was applied for several medicinal functions. However, it was also reported to have toxicological effects. In this review article, we updated recent trends of research in addition to acquire new knowledge about AN. First, the history of AN usage from ancient years was described. Then, the chemical components of AN and their biological functions was compared; arecoline is an especially important compound in AN. AN extract has different effects caused by different components. Thus, the dual effects of AN with pharmacological and toxicological effects were summarized. Finally, we described perspectives, trends and challenges of AN. It will provide the insight of removing or modifying the toxic compounds of AN extractions for enhancing their pharmacological activity to treat several diseases in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Yue Z, Nie L, Zhao P, Ji N, Liao G, Wang Q. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its impact on oral immune homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1019313. [PMID: 36275775 PMCID: PMC9581398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which accumulates over the course of normal aging and in age-related diseases, is a crucial driver of chronic inflammation and aging phenotypes. It is also responsible for the pathogenesis of multiple oral diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanism underlying SASP has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, relevant articles on SASP published over the last five years (2017-2022) were retrieved and used for bibliometric analysis, for the first time, to examine SASP composition. More than half of the relevant articles focus on various cytokines (27.5%), growth factors (20.9%), and proteases (20.9%). In addition, lipid metabolites (13.1%) and extracellular vesicles (6.5%) have received increasing attention over the past five years, and have been recognized as novel SASP categories. Based on this, we summarize the evidences demonstrating that SASP plays a pleiotropic role in oral immunity and propose a four-step hypothetical framework for the progression of SASP-related oral pathology-1) oral SASP development, 2) SASP-related oral pathological alterations, 3) pathological changes leading to oral immune homeostasis disruption, and 4) SASP-mediated immune dysregulation escalating oral disease. By targeting specific SASP factors, potential therapies can be developed to treat oral and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ga Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Information Management, Department of Stomatology Informatics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Alqutub MN, Alali Y, Tulbah HI, Javed F, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:87-96. [PMID: 36043573 PMCID: PMC9645182 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present case-control observational study was to evaluate the
peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls.
Self-reported betel-quid chewers and controls were included. Participants were
categorized into 3 groups: Group-1: Individuals chewing betel-quid with tobacco;
Group-2: Individuals chewing betel-quid without tobacco; and Group-3: Controls
(individuals not using tobacco in any form). Demographic data was collected
using a questionnaire. Periodontal and peri-implant clinicoradiologic parameters
(plaque and gingival indices [PI and GI], probing depth [PD] and crestal bone
loss/marginal bone loss [CBL/MBL]) were assessed. Clinical attachment loss (AL)
around teeth was also assessed. Group comparisons were done using the one-way
analysis of variance and Bonferroni Post-hoc adjustment tests. Correlation of
periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters with the duration of
betel-quid chewing habit and duration of placement in the mouth were assessed
using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically
significant. Thirty, 30 and 30 patients were included in groups 1, 2 and 3,
respectively. Full-mouth PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01), clinical AL
(P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and mesial and distal MBL (P<0.01) were higher in
groups 1 and 2 than Group-3. Peri-implant mPI (P<0.01), mGI (P<0.01), PD
(P<0.01) and MBL/CBL (P<0.01) were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2
than Group-3 with no significant difference in groups 1 and 2. Betel-quid
chewing habit either with or without tobacco is a risk-factor of peri-implant
soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaser N Alqutub
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alali
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, RiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Huda I Tulbah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi Arabi
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi Arabi
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10
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Li X, Gao Y, Chen W, Gu Y, Song J, Zhang J, Ai Y. N6-methyladenosine modification contributes to arecoline-mediated oral submucosal fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:474-482. [PMID: 35377493 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition that closely related to the habit of chewing betel nut. The OSF patients of 3%-19% may develop cancer, and this probability is increasing year by year. Epigenetics modifications have been reported as part of the pathogenesis of OSF. However, in OSF field, the role and mechanism of arecoline-induced activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of arecoline on m6A modification. METHODS MeRIP-Seq and RNA-seq were performed in arecoline-stimulated cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to detect the expression of m6A writers and erasers. CCK-8 and flow cytometry analyses were performed to measure the cell viability and apoptosis. RESULTS m6A level was increased in OSF tissues compared to normal tissues; arecoline promoted the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 and Mettl14 through TGF-β. MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses found that MYC was the target gene of Mettl14. In addition, Mettl14 silence reversed the effects of arecoline on cell proliferation and apoptosis in Hacat cells. CONCLUSION TGF-β-METTL14-m6A-MYC axis was crucially implicated in arecoline-mediated OSF and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijun Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuya Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangcong Gu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilong Ai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Medical College of Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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11
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Liu J, Li F, Liu B, Yao Z, Li L, Liu G, Peng L, Wang Y, Huang J. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes inhibit transforming growth factor-β1-induced collagen synthesis in oral mucosal fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1419. [PMID: 34707701 PMCID: PMC8543178 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant oral disorder that requires the further development of advanced treatment strategies. TGF-β1 has been reported to be the main trigger for the increased collagen production and reduced activity of matrix degradation pathways in OSF. Exosomes are key mediators of paracrine signaling that have been proposed for direct use as therapeutic agents for tissue repair and regeneration. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) exosomes (ADSC-Exos) on TGF-β1-treated oral fibroblasts in vitro and to unravel the potential underlying mechanism of action. Oral mucosal fibroblasts were obtained from the buccal tissues of patients without OSF during extraction of the third molar. ADSCs were obtained from three healthy female individuals during liposuction procedures. ADSC-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking and western blotting. Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry staining were performed to measure the expression levels of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin in the fibroblasts. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins associated with collagen production. The p38 MAPK activator anisomycin was used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of ADSC-Exos on TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis in oral mucosal fibroblasts. The results of the present study revealed that ADSC-Exos exhibited a cup- or sphere-shaped morphology, with a mean diameter of 58.01±16.17 nm. ADSC-Exos were also found to be positive for CD63 and tumor susceptibility 101 expression. ADSC-Exos treatment reversed the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of collagen I and III protein expression. In addition, in the presence of TGF-β1, the expression levels of collagen type I α 1 chain and collagen type III α 1 chain mRNA were downregulated, whilst the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP3 were upregulated following ADSC-Exos treatment. The TGF-β1-induced upregulation in the phosphorylation of p38 in addition to the increased protein expression of collagens I and III were also reversed in fibroblasts following ADSC-Exos treatment. However, anisomycin treatment alleviated these ADSC-Exos-induced changes. In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest that ADSC-Exos may represent a promising strategy for OSF treatment by targeting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Binjie Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Gui Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Urban Palliative Home Care, Grey Nuns Community Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5J3E4, Canada
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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12
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Huang CH, Geng JH, Wu DW, Chen SC, Hung CH, Kuo CH. Betel Nut Chewing Was Associated with Obstructive Lung Disease in a Large Taiwanese Population Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100973. [PMID: 34683114 PMCID: PMC8537851 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of betel nut chewing in Taiwan is high at approximately 7%, however, few studies have evaluated the relationship between betel nut chewing and lung disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate associations between betel nut chewing and lung function in 80,877 participants in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB). We further investigated correlations between betel nut chewing characteristics such as years of use, frequency, daily amount, and accumulative dose, with obstructive lung disease. We used data from the TWB. Lung function was assessed using spirometry measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The participants were classified into normal lung function and obstructive lung function (FEV1/FVC < 70%) groups. The participants were asked questions about betel nut chewing, including years of use, frequency, and daily amount. After multivariable analysis, betel nut chewing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.159; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with FEV1/FVC < 70% in all participants (n = 80,877). Further, in the participants who chewed betel nut (n = 5135), a long duration of betel nut chewing (per 1 year; OR = 1.008; p = 0.012), betel nut use every day (vs. 1–3 days/month; OR = 1.793; p = 0.036), 10–20 quids a day (vs. <10 quids; OR = 1.404; p = 0.019), 21–30 quids a day (vs. <10 quids; OR = 1.662; p = 0.010), ≥31 quids a day (vs. <10 quids; OR = 1.717; p = 0.003), and high cumulative dose (per 1 year × frequency × daily score; OR = 1.001; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with FEV1/FVC < 70%. In this large population-based cohort study, chewing betel nut was associated with obstructive lung disease. Furthermore, a long duration of betel nut chewing, more frequent use, higher daily amount, and high cumulative dose were associated with obstructive lung disease. This suggests that preventing betel nut chewing should be considered to reduce obstructive lung disease in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsin Huang
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Road, Hsiao-Kang District, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (D.-W.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Road, Hsiao-Kang District, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (D.-W.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-8036-783 (ext. 3440); Fax: +886-7-8063-346
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Road, Hsiao-Kang District, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (D.-W.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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13
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit the Fibrosis of Fibrotic Buccal Mucosal Fibroblasts via the MicroRNA-375/FOXF1 Axis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9964159. [PMID: 34257670 PMCID: PMC8245228 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9964159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion. Adipose-derived stem cell- (ADSC-) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (ADSC-EVs) regulate multiple oral diseases. Hence, this study explored the mechanism of ADSC-EVs in OSF. ADSCs were transduced with microRNA- (miR-) 375 mimic. ADSC-EVs and miR-375-overexpressed ADSC-EVs (EVs-miR-375) were extracted and identified. miR-375 expression in EVs and fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs) was detected. EV uptake by fBMFs was observed. The targeted relationship between miR-375 and forkhead box protein F1 (FOXF1) was predicted and verified. After EVs-miR-375 treatment or FOXF1 overexpression, fBMF cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated, and levels of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) and fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III) were detected. Functional rescue experiments were further performed to verify the role of the miR-375/FOXF1 axis in OSF. miR-375 was notably upregulated in EVs-miR-375 and EVs-miR-375-treated fBMFs (all P < 0.001). ADSC-EVs carried miR-375 into fBMFs. fBMFs can internalize ADSC-EVs. EVs-miR-375 treatment markedly inhibited fBMF cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and fibrosis and promoted apoptosis (all P < 0.01). Moreover, miR-375 targeted FOXF1 in fBMFs. FOXF1 overexpression promoted fBMF cell biological behaviors and fibrosis, which were reversed after EVs-miR-375 treatment (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). We highlighted that ADSC-EVs inhibited fBMF fibrosis and then suppressed OSF progression via the miR-375/FOXF1 axis.
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14
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Multi-target pharmacological mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza against oral submucous fibrosis: A network pharmacology approach. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105131. [PMID: 33894647 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The herb Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat oral submucous fibrosis (OSF); however, the mechanism underlying its efficacy has not been elucidated. As such, a network pharmacology-based approach was applied to investigate the potential mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza against OSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Potential targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza were collected by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Swiss Target Prediction. Potential targets of OSF were collected from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene database. Salvia miltiorrhiza against OSF targets protein-protein interaction and enrichment analyses network were constructed by Cytoscape and Metascape. RESULTS Twelve active ingredients from Salvia miltiorrhiza and 57 potential OSF-related targets were identified. The constructed network predicted seven potential key targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza for the treatment of OSF. Functional enrichment analysis showed that biological processes such as cellular response to drugs and pathways such as bladder cancer were mainly regulated by the Salvia miltiorrhiza active ingredient targets. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that the molecular complex detection components were mainly related to the ErbB signaling pathway, cancer pathways and IL-17 signaling. CONCLUSIONS A network approach was employed to document how Salvia miltiorrhiza active ingredients change various pathways against OSF. Salvia miltiorrhiza active ingredient targets against OSF involved CYP19A1, EGFR, PTPN11, ACHE, TERT, MAPK8 and PGR and were enriched in several signaling pathways.
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15
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Shah AM, Jain K, Desai RS, Bansal S, Shirsat P, Prasad P, Bodhankar K. The Role of Increased Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and its Malignant Transformation-An Immunohistochemical Study. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:817-830. [PMID: 33544386 PMCID: PMC8384978 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins, is highly expressed in various organ fibrosis and several malignant tumors. Although a few studies have been conducted using CTGF in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma, no study has demonstrated its relation with various stages of OSF and its malignant transformation. The present study investigated the possible role of CTGF in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation by using immunohistochemistry. Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, each of Stage 1 OSF, Stage 2 OSF, Stage 3 OSF, Stage 4 OSF, well- differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) with OSF and WDSCC without OSF were stained for CTGF by immunohistochemistry. Ten cases of healthy buccal mucosa (NOM) were included as controls. The present study demonstrated a statistically significant expression of CTGF in the epithelium and connective tissue of OSF and WDSCC with and without OSF cases against its complete absence in NOM. We observed an upregulation of CTGF expression from NOM to various stages of OSF to WDSCC with or without OSF. A gradual upregulation of the CTGF expression in various stages of OSF to WDSCC (with and without OSF) against its complete absence in NOM suggests that CTGF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kejal Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Rajiv S. Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pankaj Shirsat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Kshitija Bodhankar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
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16
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Nawn D, Pratiher S, Chattoraj S, Chakraborty D, Pal M, Paul RR, Dutta S, Chatterjee J. Multifractal Alterations in Oral Sub-Epithelial Connective Tissue During Progression of Pre-Cancer and Cancer. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:152-162. [PMID: 32750913 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.2997875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bright-field microscopy (BFM) encrypts the optical transillumination profile of the transmitted light attenuated by the complex micro-structural tissue convolutions, manifested by the dense and compact regions of the specimen under examination. The connotations of idiosyncratic tissue interaction dynamics with the onset of pre-cancerous activity are encoded in the BFM acquired oral mucosa histopathological images (OMHI). In the present study, our analysis is focused on the sub-epithelium region of the oral mucosa, which has high clinical significance but sparsely explored in the literature from the textural domain. Histopathology being the gold-standard technique till date, we have used the light microscopic histopathology images for tissue characterization. The tissue-index transmission patches (TITP) from the sub-epithelium region are cropped under the guidance of oral onco-pathologists. After that, the TITPs are characterized for its multi-scale spatial-deformation dynamics, while keeping the intrinsic anisotropic geometry, and local contour connectivity within tolerable limits. With recent studies exhibiting multifractal's potency in diverse biological system analysis, here, we exploit the 2D multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (2D-MFDFA) on TITPs for exploring a discriminative set of multifractal signatures for healthy, oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer tissue sample. The predictive model's competency is validated on an experimentally collected corpus of TITP samples and substantiated via confirmatory data statistics and analysis, showing its inter-class segregation efficacy. Moreover, the 2D-MFDFA analysis evinces the complex multifractal patterns in TITPs, which is due to the presence of composite long-range correlations in the oral mucosa tissue fabric.
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17
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Genetic Susceptibility and Protein Expression of Extracellular Matrix Turnover-Related Genes in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218104. [PMID: 33143101 PMCID: PMC7663238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing increased the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), an oral premalignant disorder (OPMD) with malignant transformation potential. BQ components such as areca nut (AN), trauma by coarse AN fiber, catechin, copper, alkaloids, stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and cytotoxicity are suggested to be the contributing factors. They may induce tissue inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, collagen cross-links and inhibit collagen phagocytosis, finally leading to the development of OSMF and oral cancer. These events are mediated by BQ components-induced changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover via regulation of TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cystatin, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and metalloproteinases (MMPs). Genetic susceptibility is also involved in these disease processes. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms of BQ-induced OSMF and oral cancer can be helpful for future disease prevention and treatment.
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18
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Sun C, Zhao W, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen X. A pharmacological review of dicoumarol: An old natural anticoagulant agent. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105193. [PMID: 32911072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dicoumarol is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed in clinical for decades. It is a natural hydroxycoumarin discovered from the spoilage of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall and is originally discovered as a rodenticide. Due to its structural similarity to that of vitamin K, it significantly inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase and acts as a vitamin K antagonist. Dicoumarol is mainly used as an anticoagulant to prevent thrombogenesis and to cure vascular thrombosis. Other biological activities besides anticoagulants such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, etc., have also been documented. The side effects of dicoumarol raise safety concerns for clinical application. In this review, the physicochemical property, the pharmacological activities, the side effects, and the pharmacokinetics of dicoumarol were summarized, aiming to provide a whole picture of the "old" anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Yinxiang Sun
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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19
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Kisave P, Shekhar V, Babu PS, Hussaini SWU, Bhanot R, Kumar A, Tiwari RVC. The study of placentrex and hydrocortisone as an adjunct treatment in oral submucous fibrosis. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2469-2474. [PMID: 32754522 PMCID: PMC7380742 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_268_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submucous fibrosis with a high incidence rate in the Indian subcontinent is a devastating disease affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of injection placentrex and injection hydrocortisone in oral submucous fibrosis patients in increasing mouth opening, burning sensation, and improve the mucosal lining. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 60 patients with Stage II and Stage III of the ailment, who were randomly divided into Group A and Group B. They were administered submucosal injections of hydrocortisone and placentrex along with physiotherapy and oral iron, nutrients, and B-carotene supplements over a period of 2 months. INTERPRETATIONS AND RESULTS The pinnacle rate of the incidence was found in the age group of 30 to 40 years among both the genders. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001), that is, 5.19 ± 1.33 in Group A and 11.69 ± 1.26 mm in Group B was noted in the mean mouth opening values. Statistically significant difference in burning sensation was noted to be better in Group A than in Group B. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Overall hydrocortisone seems to be a better regimen for improving the mucosal health and increasing the mouth opening as compared to placentrix regimen. Although Placentrex is better than hydrocortisone in reducing burning sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Kisave
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Mangalmurti Multi Speciality Dental Clinic, Natepute, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Shekhar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental Surgeon, PHC Sampatchak, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Prasoon S. Babu
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Smilecraft Dental Studio, Yelahanka New Town, Banglore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rishabh Bhanot
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Jyoti Kendra General Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. H.S.R.S.M Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul V. C. Tiwari
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Clove Dental and Omni Hospitals, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Lo Faro AF, Di Trana A, La Maida N, Tagliabracci A, Giorgetti R, Busardò FP. Biomedical analysis of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) of natural origin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:112945. [PMID: 31704129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) can be divided into two main groups: synthetic molecules and active principles of natural origin. With respect to this latter group, a wide range of alkaloids contained in plants, mainly from Asia and South America, can be included in the class of NPS of natural origin. The majority NPS of natural origin presents stimulant and/or hallucinogenic effects (e.g. Catha edulis and Ayahuasca, respectively) while few of them show sedative and relaxing properties (e.g. kratom). Few information is available in relation to the analytical identification of psychoactive principles contained in the plant material. Moreover, to our knowledge, scarce data are present in literature, about the characterization and quantification of the parent drug in biological matrices from intoxication and fatality cases. In addition, the metabolism of natural active principles has not been yet fully investigated for most of the psychoactive substances from plant material. Consequently, their identification is not frequently performed and produced metabolites are often unknown. To fill this gap, we reviewed the currently available analytical methodologies for the identification and quantification of NPS of natural origin in plant material and, whenever possible, in conventional and non-conventional biological matrices of intoxicated and dead subjects. The psychoactive principles contained in the following plants were investigated: Areca catechu, Argyreia nervosa, Ayahuasca, Catha edulis, Ipomoea violacea, Mandragora officinarum, Mitragyna speciosa, Pausinystalia yohimbe, Piper methisticum, Psilocybe, Rivea corymbosa, Salvia divinorum, Sceletium tortuosum, Lactuca virosa. From the results obtained, it can be evidenced that although several analytical methods for the simultaneous quantification of different molecules from the same plants have been developed and validated, a comprehensive method to detect active compounds from different natural specimens both in biological and non-biological matrices is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annagiulia Di Trana
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunzia La Maida
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy.
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Ariyawardana A, Johnson NW. Nonneoplastic diseases and disorders of the oral mucosa: A contemporary overview. Periodontol 2000 2019; 80:7-11. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anura Ariyawardana
- College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Cairns Australia
- Metro South Oral Health Queensland Health Australia
| | - Newell W. Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University Australia
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