Zhu Z, Zwerling JL, Qi X, Pei Y, Zheng Y, Wu B. Mechanisms of Change in Cognitive Function Domains Among Older Adults in Cognitive Deterioration and Improvement Groups: Evidence From Phenotypic Network Structure.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023;
24:2009-2016.e9. [PMID:
37770013 DOI:
10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.022]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigate how cognitive function domains change in phenotypic networks in cognitive deterioration and improvement groups.
DESIGN
Secondary data analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Respondents in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) who were 70 years or older at the time of the data collection in 2000 or 2002.
METHODS
This study used data from the ADAMS in Wave A and Wave B. We assessed 12 cognitive function domains. Latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) and the cross-lagged panel network model were used to the dynamic interactions of the 12 cognitive function domains over time in both the deterioration and improvement groups.
RESULTS
A total of 252 participants were included in the final analysis. LPTA identified 5 subgroups and categorized all samples into 3 main categories: improvement group (n = 61), deterioration group (n = 54), and no change group (n = 137). "D9: psychomotor processing" showed the largest value of out-strength in the deterioration group (r = 0.941) and improvement group (r = 0.969). The strongest direct positive effect in the deterioration group was "C9: psychomotor processing" -> "C8: attention" [β = 0.39 (0.00, 1.13)]. In the improvement group, the strongest direct positive effect was "C9 = psychomotor processing" -> "C7 = visual memory" [β = 0.69 (0.07, 1.30)].
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Psychomotor processing affected other cognitive domains, and it played a crucial role in changes of cognitive function. The paths of psychomotor processing to attention and visual memory were found to be major factors in cognitive deterioration and improvement. Targeting psychomotor processing may lead to the development of more effective and precise interventions.
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