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Sebalo I, Bozzay M, Verona E, Chu S, Ireland JL. Aggressiveness, inhibitory control, and emotional states: A provocation paradigm. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22165. [PMID: 39004814 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The current study examines the effects of trait aggressiveness, inhibitory control and emotional states on aggressive behavior in a laboratory paradigm. One hundred and fifty-one adult participants took part (73 men, 71 women, and 7 nondisclosed). Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during a Go/No-Go task were utilized to capture the extent of inhibitory processing, with a laboratory provocation paradigm used to assess aggression. Contrary to the expectations, negative affective responses to provocation were negatively associated only with short-lived aggression and only among those with high past aggressiveness. Furthermore, past aggressiveness was related to a continuous increase in laboratory aggressive behavior regardless of the level of inhibitory control (P3 difference amplitude). However, feeling hostile was associated with short-lived aggressive behavior, only in those with lower levels of inhibitory control. These findings demonstrate the effect of distinct mechanisms on different patterns of aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sebalo
- School of Psychology and Humanities, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
- School of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Melanie Bozzay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Edelyn Verona
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Simon Chu
- School of Psychology and Humanities, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jane L Ireland
- School of Psychology and Humanities, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Kotlewska I, Panek B, Nowicka A, Asanowicz D. Posterior theta activity reveals an early signal of self-face recognition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13823. [PMID: 37620563 PMCID: PMC10449829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-related visual information, especially one's own face and name, are processed in a specific, prioritized way. However, the spatio-temporal brain dynamics of self-prioritization have remained elusive. Moreover, it has been unclear whether this prioritization is an effect of enhancement and amplification, or rather a facilitating automatization of processing self-referential information. In this EEG study, 25 married women (who changed their surnames after marriage, so that their past and present surnames could be used as stimuli) performed a detection task with faces and names from five categories: self, self from the past, friend, famous, and unknown person. The aim was to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of early electrophysiological markers of self-referential processing. We report results of event-related component (ERP) and time-frequency analyses. In the ERPs, the earliest self-relevance effect was displayed only 300 ms after stimulus onset in the midfrontal N2, and later in the parietal P3b, independently of the stimulus type. No self-relevance effect was found on the N170 component. However, local theta power at the occipito-temporal (visual) areas and inter-regional theta phase coherence between the visual and midfrontal areas showed that self-relevance differentiation of faces began already about 100-300 ms after stimulus onset. No such early effects were found for names. The results are discussed in terms of the time-course, functional localization, stimulus-specificity, and automatization of self-prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kotlewska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Panek
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Nowicka
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Asanowicz
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
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The response relevance of visual stimuli modulates the P3 component and the underlying sensorimotor network. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3818. [PMID: 32123199 PMCID: PMC7052248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional meaning and neural basis of the P3b component of ERPs are still under debate. One of the main issues is whether P3b reflects only stimulus-related processes (stimulus evaluation hypothesis) or response-related processes as well (stimulus-response or S-R link activation hypothesis). Here, we conducted an EEG experiment examining whether P3b may indeed reflect an S-R link activation, followed by an fMRI experiment in which we explored the brain areas and functional connectivity possibly constituting the neural basis of these sensorimotor links. In both experiments, two successive visual stimuli, S1 and S2, were presented with a 1 sec interval, and responses were defined either by S1 or S2, while participants responded only after S2 onset. The obtained EEG results suggest that P3b may be interpreted in terms of the S-R link activation account, although further studies are needed to disentangle P3-related activity from overlapping anticipatory activity. The obtained fMRI results showed that processing of the relevant S1 involved activation of a distributed postero-anterior sensorimotor network, and increased strength of functional connectivity within this network. This network may underlie activation of the S-R links, thus possibly also the P3b component, forming a bridging step between sensory encoding and response execution.
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Verleger R. Effects of relevance and response frequency on P3b amplitudes: Review of findings and comparison of hypotheses about the process reflected by P3b. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13542. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute of Psychology II University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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Asanowicz D, Wołoszyn K, Panek B, Wronka E. On the locus of the effect of alerting on response conflict: An event-related EEG study with a speed-accuracy tradeoff manipulation. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:62-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Verleger R, Cäsar S, Siller B, Śmigasiewicz K. On Why Targets Evoke P3 Components in Prediction Tasks: Drawing an Analogy between Prediction and Matching Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:497. [PMID: 29066965 PMCID: PMC5641317 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
P3 is the most conspicuous component in recordings of stimulus-evoked EEG potentials from the human scalp, occurring whenever some task has to be performed with the stimuli. The process underlying P3 has been assumed to be the updating of expectancies. More recently, P3 has been related to decision processing and to activation of established stimulus-response associations (S/R-link hypothesis). However, so far this latter approach has not provided a conception about how to explain the occurrence of P3 with predicted stimuli, although P3 was originally discovered in a prediction task. The present article proposes such a conception. We assume that the internal responses right or wrong both become associatively linked to each predicted target and that one of these two response alternatives gets activated as a function of match or mismatch of the target to the preceding prediction. This seems similar to comparison tasks where responses depend on the matching of the target stimulus with a preceding first stimulus (S1). Based on this idea, this study compared the effects of frequencies of first events (predictions or S1) on target-evoked P3s in prediction and comparison tasks. Indeed, frequencies not only of targets but also of first events had similar effects across tasks on target-evoked P3s. These results support the notion that P3 evoked by predicted stimuli reflects activation of appropriate internal “match” or “mismatch” responses, which is compatible with S/R-link hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Cäsar
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bastian Siller
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kamila Śmigasiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
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Verleger R, Haake M, Baur A, Śmigasiewicz K. Time to Move Again: Does the Bereitschaftspotential Covary with Demands on Internal Timing? Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:642. [PMID: 28066213 PMCID: PMC5174124 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When Bereitschaftspotentials (BPs) are measured, participants are required to voluntarily perform a predefined number of identical movements, with varying intervals between movements, exceeding some obligatory minimum interval. Participants might cope with these demands on timing by installing a slow, broadly tuned rhythm of activation, serving as an internal trigger for executing movements in time. The BP might reflect the rising phase of this activation, culminating at the movement. If so (i) not only should BP amplitudes become larger, but BPs should also have their onsets earlier before movements when longer minimum intervals are required between movements (Experiment 1). Further, (ii) BP amplitudes should covary with demands on internal timing: decrease when internal timing is less necessary and increase in the other case. Variation of timing demands was realized by requiring participants to count vs. not to count the seconds between movements (Experiment 1) and by regular vs. irregular vs. no ticking of a clock (Experiment 2). Prediction (i) was confirmed while prediction (ii) was not. Thus, BP onsets did vary in accordance with the temporal constraints about when the movements should be performed, suggesting some relation to timing mechanisms, but we could not provide evidence for the notion that the process reflected by BPs is this timing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany
| | - Mechthild Haake
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Baur
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
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Verleger R, Śmigasiewicz K. Do Rare Stimuli Evoke Large P3s by Being Unexpected? A Comparison of Oddball Effects Between Standard-Oddball and Prediction-Oddball Tasks. Adv Cogn Psychol 2016; 12:88-104. [PMID: 27512527 PMCID: PMC4975594 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The P3 component of event-related potentials increases when stimuli are rarely
presented. It has been assumed that this oddball effect
(rare-frequent difference) reflects the unexpectedness of rare stimuli. The
assumption of unexpectedness and its link to P3 amplitude were tested here. A
standard- oddball task requiring alternative key-press responses to frequent and
rare stimuli was compared with an oddball-prediction task where
stimuli had to be first predicted and then confirmed by key-pressing. Oddball
effects in the prediction task depended on whether the frequent or the rare
stimulus had been predicted. Oddball effects on P3 amplitudes and error rates in
the standard oddball task closely resembled effects after
frequent predictions. This corroborates the notion that
these effects occur because frequent stimuli are expected and rare stimuli are
unexpected. However, a closer look at the prediction task put this notion into
doubt because the modifications of oddball effects on P3 by expectancies were
entirely due to effects on frequent stimuli, whereas the large P3 amplitudes
evoked by rare stimuli were insensitive to predictions (unlike response times
and error rates). Therefore, rare stimuli cannot be said to evoke large P3
amplitudes because they are unexpected. We discuss these diverging effects of
frequency and expectancy, as well as general differences between tasks, with
respect to concepts and hypotheses about P3b’s function and conclude that each
discussed concept or hypothesis encounters some problems, with a conception in
terms of subjective relevance assigned to stimuli offering the most consistent
account of these basic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Institute of Psychology II , University of Lübeck,
Germany
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Verleger R, Seitz A, Yordanova J, Kolev V. Is insight a godsend? Explicit knowledge in the serial response-time task has precursors in EEG potentials already at task onset. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:24-35. [PMID: 26226325 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whether, and how, explicit knowledge about some regularity arises from implicit sensorimotor learning by practice has been a matter of long-standing debate. Previously, we had found in the number reduction task that participants who will acquire explicit knowledge differ from other participants in their event-related potentials (ERPs) already at task onset. In the present study, we investigated such ERP precursors and correlates both of explicit and of sensorimotor knowledge (response speeding) about the regular sequence in a large sample of participants (n≈100) in the serial response time task. Already when perceiving random sequences at task onset, those participants had largest P3 amplitudes who would later gain explicit knowledge but whose responses were not speeded. Later in the task, sensorimotor knowledge was reflected in increased fronto-central negativity in irregular blocks, overlapping the early part of P3, and participants with later explicit knowledge generally had increased P3 amplitudes. These results support the notion that explicit knowledge about covert regularities is acquired in two ways: on the one hand by a particular subgroup of participants possibly independently of sequence-specific response speeding, and on the other hand by transforming such sensorimotor to explicit knowledge through practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Seitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juliana Yordanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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