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Orepic P, Bernasconi F, Faggella M, Faivre N, Blanke O. Robotically-induced auditory-verbal hallucinations: combining self-monitoring and strong perceptual priors. Psychol Med 2024; 54:569-581. [PMID: 37779256 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducing hallucinations under controlled experimental conditions in non-hallucinating individuals represents a novel research avenue oriented toward understanding complex hallucinatory phenomena, avoiding confounds observed in patients. Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) are one of the most common and distressing psychotic symptoms, whose etiology remains largely unknown. Two prominent accounts portray AVH either as a deficit in auditory-verbal self-monitoring, or as a result of overly strong perceptual priors. METHODS In order to test both theoretical models and evaluate their potential integration, we developed a robotic procedure able to induce self-monitoring perturbations (consisting of sensorimotor conflicts between poking movements and corresponding tactile feedback) and a perceptual prior associated with otherness sensations (i.e. feeling the presence of a non-existing another person). RESULTS Here, in two independent studies, we show that this robotic procedure led to AVH-like phenomena in healthy individuals, quantified as an increase in false alarm rate in a voice detection task. Robotically-induced AVH-like sensations were further associated with delusional ideation and to both AVH accounts. Specifically, a condition with stronger sensorimotor conflicts induced more AVH-like sensations (self-monitoring), while, in the otherness-related experimental condition, there were more AVH-like sensations when participants were detecting other-voice stimuli, compared to detecting self-voice stimuli (strong-priors). CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating an experimental procedure able to induce AVH-like sensations in non-hallucinating individuals, we shed new light on AVH phenomenology, thereby integrating self-monitoring and strong-priors accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavo Orepic
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute & Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fosco Bernasconi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute & Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Faggella
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute & Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Faivre
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuro-X Institute & Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Orepic P, Iannotti GR, Haemmerli J, Goga C, Park HD, Betka S, Blanke O, Michel CM, Bondolfi G, Schaller K. Experimentally-evidenced personality alterations following meningioma resection: A case report. Cortex 2023; 168:157-166. [PMID: 37716111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Personality changes following neurosurgical procedures remain poorly understood and pose a major concern for patients, rendering a strong need for predictive biomarkers. Here we report a case of a female patient in her 40s who underwent resection of a large sagittal sinus meningioma with bilateral extension, including resection and ligation of the superior sagittal sinus, that resulted in borderline personality disorder. Importantly, we captured clinically-observed personality changes in a series of experiments assessing self-other voice discrimination, one of the experimental markers for self-consciousness. In all experiments, the patient consistently confused self- and other voices - i.e., she misattributed other-voice stimuli to herself and self-voice stimuli to others. Moreover, the electroencephalogram (EEG) microstate, that was in healthy participants observed when hearing their own voice, in this patient occurred for other-voice stimuli. We hypothesize that the patient's personality alterations resulted from a gradual development of a venous collateral hemodynamic network that impacted venous drainage of brain areas associated with self-consciousness. In addition, resection and ligation of the superior sagittal sinus significantly aggravated personality alterations through postoperative decompensation of a direct frontal lobe compression. Experimentally mirroring clinical observations, these findings are of high relevance for developing biomarkers of post-surgical personality alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavo Orepic
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, NeuroX Institute and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giannina Rita Iannotti
- Functional Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Medical Center & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Haemmerli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Medical Center & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Goga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Medical Center & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hyeong-Dong Park
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Betka
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, NeuroX Institute and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, NeuroX Institute and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bondolfi
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Medical Center & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl Schaller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Medical Center & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mizuhara K, Nittono H. Effects of respiratory phases on the processing of emotional and non-emotional visual stimuli. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14261. [PMID: 36715139 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies investigating the relationship between respiratory phases and cognitive/neural processing of external events has been increasing, but the findings remain controversial. This registered report examined the effect of the respiratory phase on the discrimination accuracy of visual stimuli in the emotional and non-emotional domains. Forty-two healthy young participants were asked to choose fearful over neutral facial expressions and to choose high-contrast over low-contrast Gabor patches during spontaneous nasal respiration. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were also recorded for each type of stimulus presented during each respiratory phase. It was hypothesized that discrimination accuracy would be higher when the stimuli were presented during inhalation than during exhalation. It was also hypothesized that the amplitudes of ERPs elicited by the stimuli would be greater during inhalation than during exhalation. For comparison, the effect of the cardiac phase was examined, with the expectation that discrimination accuracy would be higher when the stimuli were presented during systole than during diastole. It was also hypothesized that the amplitudes of ERPs elicited by the stimuli would be greater during systole than during diastole. As expected, the results indicated that fear discrimination accuracy was higher during inhalation than exhalation and during systole than diastole. However, this was not the case for contrast discrimination. No differences in ERPs were observed between respiratory phases in either task. These results suggest that natural breathing in through the nose facilitates the discrimination of emotional stimuli, possibly via subcortical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Mizuhara
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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