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Cochran MR, Runcan EE, Premanandan C, McRae G, da Silva MAC. Factors Affecting Pregnancy Success in the Bitch Following Transcervical Insemination. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 55:100800. [PMID: 37391091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic-assisted transcervical inseminations (TCIs) have become increasingly popular. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate data from the TCIs performed at our facility. We evaluated data from January 2018 through December 2021. This included 137 cases with fresh, 67 cases chilled, and 63 cases using frozen-thawed semen. All bitches underwent breeding management to determine the ideal breeding period. All semen samples were evaluated for total number of sperm, total motility, and progressive motility. Pregnancy was determined by B-mode ultrasonography about 4 weeks after the breeding. Litter size was determined by radiographs performed around the last week of gestation. The pregnancy rate was 83.21% for fresh, 67.16% for chilled, and 66.67% for frozen-thawed semen. There was a significant difference in litter size between fresh semen (6.82 puppies per litter) and both chilled (5.21 puppies per litter) and frozen-thawed (4.59 puppies per litter) semen (P < .05). There was no significant difference in litter size between chilled and frozen-thawed semen. There was no difference in pregnancy rates between clinicians performing the inseminations. Pregnancy rate was not different when sedation was used for the insemination (66.67%) compared to when sedation was not used (74.84%; P > .05). Performing 2 TCIs during the fertile period, regardless of the semen type, resulted in an increase of 6.6% in pregnancy rate (P > .05) and an increase of 0.7 puppies per litter, on average (P > .05). These results can be used to help guide recommendations for breeding clients on the best options to increase both pregnancy rate and litter size for their breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Cochran
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erin E Runcan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Premanandan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, 329 Goss Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gail McRae
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marco A Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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England GCW, Rijsselaere T, Campbell A, Moxon R, Freeman SL. Normal and abnormal response to sperm deposition in female dogs: A review and new hypotheses for endometritis. Theriogenology 2020; 159:176-183. [PMID: 33160112 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian species there are significant physiological responses of the female reproductive tract to the deposition of sperm. These are particularly notable in species where sperm are deposited directly into the uterus, and function both to facilitate sperm transport to the sperm reservoir, and to eliminate introduced contaminants. In the bitch, sperm are deposited into the vagina and are rapidly transported through the open cervix. Sperm are then distributed around the uterus by uterine contractions such that transportation to the tip of the uterine horns occurs within 1 min of the start of mating. The main sperm reservoir appears to be the distal part of the utero-tubal junction which forms a pre-uterine tube reservoir. Sperm remain attached here by their heads to uterine epithelium and remain viable. In non-capacitating conditions sperm slowly detach from this site and this seems important to replenish the uterine tube reservoir, where sperm may re-attach to the epithelium. Post-ovulatory signals trigger capacitation changes and subsequent hyperactivated motility that is associated with detachment of sperm from both reservoirs; thus facilitating fertilization. After mating, a physiological post-mating uterine inflammatory response occurs, evidenced by an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, increased uterine contractions, an increased uterine artery blood flow and a decrease of the resistance index indicating a short-duration vasodilation. Disturbance of this tightly regulated system has the potential to impact fertility by a failure of elimination of the introduced contaminants (such that a clinically-significant post-breeding endometritis ensues) but also by impairing sperm transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C W England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - T Rijsselaere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Campbell
- Guide Dogs, National Breeding Centre, Bishops Tachbrook, Warwickshire, UK
| | - R Moxon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK; Guide Dogs, National Breeding Centre, Bishops Tachbrook, Warwickshire, UK
| | - S L Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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Umbach AK, Failing K, Goericke-Pesch S, Wehrend A. Concentrations of minerals in the canine prostatic fluid. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1064-1068. [PMID: 31095788 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the composition of the prostate fluid in healthy male dogs is limited and restricted to small case numbers. Furthermore, published data often vary significantly regarding sample processing and analytical methods. Therefore, we aimed to provide data on the composition of electrolytes and minerals in the canine prostatic fluid in a larger population (n = 30 dogs/samples) and to compare these results with the existing literature. Concentrations of sodium, potassium and copper analysed in our population were most consistent with those in the literature. Different to this, concentrations of total calcium, magnesium, zinc and inorganic phosphate varied. Whereas magnesium, zinc and inorganic phosphate seemed to depend on the analysis method, total calcium concentrations differed if centrifugation was performed or not. Our results clearly indicate a need for standardization of methods for analysis of seminal plasma components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproductive Unit of the Clinics, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Xiong W, Wang Z, Shen C. An update of the regulatory factors of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct by genetically manipulated mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:935-955. [PMID: 31131960 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental MedicineShanghai Rui‐Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- School of Life Sciences and BiochemistryShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental MedicineShanghai Rui‐Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental MedicineShanghai Rui‐Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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A two-step dilution tris-egg yolk extender containing Equex STM significantly improves sperm cryopreservation in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Cryobiology 2018; 80:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jewgenow K, Braun BC, Dehnhard M, Zahmel J, Goeritz F. Research on reproduction is essential for captive breeding of endangered carnivore species. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:18-23. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Jewgenow
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
| | - BC Braun
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
| | - M Dehnhard
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
| | - J Zahmel
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
| | - F Goeritz
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
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Bartoš L, Bartošová J, Chaloupková H, Dušek A, Hradecká L, Svobodová I. A sociobiological origin of pregnancy failure in domestic dogs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22188. [PMID: 26917034 PMCID: PMC4768179 DOI: 10.1038/srep22188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among domestic dog breeders it is common practice to transfer a domestic dog bitch out of her home environment for mating, bringing her back after the mating. If the home environment contains a male, who is not the father of the foetuses, there is a potential risk of future infanticide. We collected 621 records on mating of 249 healthy bitches of 11 breed-types. The highest proportion of successful pregnancies following mating occurred in bitches mated within their home pack and remaining there. Bitches mated elsewhere and then returned to a home containing at least one male had substantially lower incidence of maintained pregnancy in comparison with bitches mated by a home male. After returning home, housing affected strongly the frequency of pregnancy success. Bitches mated elsewhere but released into a home pack containing a home male were four times more likely to maintain pregnancy than bitches which were housed individually after returning home. Suppression of pregnancy in situations where a bitch is unable to confuse a home male about parentage may be seen as an adaptation to avoid any seemingly unavoidable future loss of her progeny to infanticide after birth and thus to save energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Bartoš
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Praha Uhříněves, Czech Republic
- Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Bartošová
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Praha Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Chaloupková
- Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Dušek
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Praha Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hradecká
- Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic.
| | - Ivona Svobodová
- Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic.
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Abstract
The capacity for sperm storage within the female reproductive tract occurs widely across all groups of vertebrate species and is exceptionally well developed in some reptiles (maximum duration seven years) and fishes (maximum duration >1 year). Although there are many reports on both the occurrence of female sperm storage in diverse species and its adaptive benefits, few studies have been directed toward explaining the mechanisms involved. In this article we review recent findings in birds and mammals in an effort to develop hypotheses that could be translated into research applications in animal breeding technologies. There are pockets of evidence to suggest that the local epithelial cells, sometimes arranged as sperm storage tubules, can respond to spermatozoa by producing heat shock proteins as well as providing an environment rich in antioxidants. Moreover, the local immune system seems to tolerate the arrival of spermatozoa, while retaining the ability to combat the arrival of infectious microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom; ;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom; ;
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Holt WV, Fazeli A. Do sperm possess a molecular passport? Mechanistic insights into sperm selection in the female reproductive tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:491-501. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ogata K, Sasaki A, Kato Y, Takeda A, Wakabayashi M, Sarentonglaga B, Yamaguchi M, Hara A, Fukumori R, Nagao Y. Glutathione supplementation to semen extender improves the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa for transcervical insemination. J Reprod Dev 2015; 61:116-22. [PMID: 25736550 PMCID: PMC4410309 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate whether supplementation of semen extender with glutathione (GSH) can maintain the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa. Eighteen ejaculates were obtained from 5 dogs and placed in extender (20% egg yolk, Tris, citric acid, lactose, raffinose, antibiotics and 6.5% glycerol) containing 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 mM GSH. The samples were cooled to 4 C and then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Motility parameters of the sperm were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 24 h after thawing. Sperm motility was higher in the 5 mM GSH group than in the control or 2.5 and 10 mM GSH groups; this effect was observed at 1 to 24 h after thawing (P < 0.05). The 5 mM GSH group had a higher sperm viability index at 12 and 24 h after thawing compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Acrosome integrity, evaluated at 4 h after thawing, was greater in two of the GSH-treated groups (5 and 10 mM) compared with the control. Lipid peroxidation (LP) levels immediately after thawing were lower in the 5 and 10 mM GSH groups compared with the control, while those at 12 h after thawing did not differ significantly. Frozen-thawed semen in the 5 mM GSH group was used for transcervical insemination of 4 bitches, resulting in delivery of 5 puppies from 2 bitches. These results indicate that supplementation of semen extender with 5 mM GSH was effective in improving motility, longevity and acrosomal integrity and inhibiting LP levels in post-thaw canine spermatozoa, without any adverse impacts on full-term development after transcervical insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Ogata
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan
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Kowalewski MP, Gram A, Kautz E, Graubner FR. The Dog: Nonconformist, Not Only in Maternal Recognition Signaling. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015; 216:215-37. [PMID: 26450501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although similar at the molecular and cellular levels, endocrine mechanisms governing reproductive function in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) differ markedly at the regulatory level from those known in other domestic animal species. Some of the events, e.g., the lack of luteolysis in the absence of pregnancy, resulting in similar luteal function and, therefore, hormonal profiles in early pregnant and nonpregnant animals, are species-specific. Consequently, no early gestation marker has so far been identified for the dog. Following implantation, relaxin of fetal placental origin can be detected and used for pregnancy diagnosis. Characterized by the lack of an active luteolytic principle from intra- or extra-luteal sources, the canine reproductive cycle appears to represent a "basic" form of mammalian reproductive function with apparently reduced opportunities for facilitating fecundity and hastening reproduction. Nevertheless, in the dog some kind of mechanism for synchronization between blastocyst development and uterine preparation for pregnancy must have evolved in order to support gestation. Driven by this assumption, studies including our recent investigations have been initiated aimed at characterizing some of the embryo-mediated effects of the preimplantation embryo on the canine uterus. Moreover, the lack of a uterine luteolysin and consequently the absence of a need to develop an antiluteolytic strategy make the dog an interesting model for investigating early evolutionary mechanisms involved in the preparation for implantation and ensuring embryo survival. These mechanisms result in an inverse relationship between the duration of pregnancy and of the nonpregnant cycle in the dog, compared with all other domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aykut Gram
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Kautz
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix R Graubner
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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