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Alves AE, Motheo TF, Apparicio MF, Mostachio GQ, Dos Santos RM, Vicente WRR, Luvoni GC. In vivo embryo development in bitches inseminated laparoscopically after ovulation time estimated based on a single progesterone determination. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220079. [PMID: 36922986 PMCID: PMC10010157 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Logistic and economical limitations are often the causes of dog owners not accurately monitoring the estrous cycle and the optimal insemination time. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo early embryonic development in bitches, after the analysis of sequential vaginal cytologies associated to single progesterone measurement and single laparoscopic insemination with high quality semen (fresh and with high spermatozoa concentration) or low-quality semen (frozen/thawed and with low spermatozoa concentration) at 48 h post- ovulation time predicted on a single progesterone measurement. Ten bitches were inseminated with 250 x 106 fresh spermatozoa (80% motility), and ten with 80 x 106 frozen/thawed spermatozoa (60% motility) in the cranial part of each uterine horn. Seven days later, ovariohysterectomy was performed and the oviducts and uterine horns and body were flushed to recover embryos and unfertilized oocytes. In 80% of the bitches inseminated with fresh and 50% of bitches inseminated with frozen/thawed semen, embryos at 2 to 8 cells stage were recovered mostly from the, oviducts. This study indicates that pregnancies can be obtained with a single laparoscopic intrauterine insemination after single serum progesterone measurement, although with a low number of embryos. This result should be taken into account in case economic or logistic restrictions that affect the possibility of owners to plan an accurate monitoring of the optimal breeding time using fresh and frozen semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelle Elisane Alves
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Tathiana Ferguson Motheo
- Programa de Pós-graduação Strictu Sensu em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Maricy Ferreira Apparicio
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Giuliano Queiroz Mostachio
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário de Rio Preto, Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricarda Maria Dos Santos
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italia
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Jelinkova K, Cigankova E, Vitasek R. Repeated pregnancy in a bitch, with a diagnosis of extensive cystic endometrial hyperplasia, after the exact determination of the optimal time for breeding. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:585-589. [PMID: 38846794 PMCID: PMC11154871 DOI: 10.17221/104/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old bitch was presented to the clinical examination with the aim of determining the optimal time for intrauterine insemination by frozen-thawed semen. The bitch had already had two litters in the past. Extensive cystic endometrial hyperplasia was diagnosed by an ultrasound examination in the bitch. The timing of the endoscopic transcervical insemination by a combination of ultrasonographic examination of the ovaries and determining the progesterone concentrations contributed to the successful conception in the bitch. The ultrasonographic examination of the ovaries represents a non-invasive method which allowed us to view the changes on the ovaries in real time and, thus, is a very suitable method for the specification of the ovulation time in bitches. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is considered to be a possible cause of infertility. Nevertheless, the bitch repeatedly conceived and had larger litter sizes. Moreover, a considerable reduction in the number of endometrial cysts was observed after the third pregnancy of the bitch. In the described clinical case, the influence of the cystic endometrial hyperplasia on the conception was not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Jelinkova
- Department of Reproduction, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Cigankova
- Department of Reproduction, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Vitasek
- Department of Reproduction, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Suzuki H, Watanabe H, Abe Y. Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs. J Reprod Dev 2021; 68:1-11. [PMID: 34840199 PMCID: PMC8872749 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. Their widespread use has contributed to improvements in human health and welfare. However, in dogs, only artificial insemination using frozen semen is readily available as an ART to improve breeding and control genetic diversity. A recent priority in sperm cryopreservation is the development of alternatives to egg yolk, which is widely used as a component of the sperm extender. Egg yolk can vary in composition among batches and is prone to contamination by animal pathogens. The latter can be a problem for international exchange of cryopreserved semen. Low-density lipoprotein and skim milk are promising candidates for use as extenders, to ensure fertility after artificial insemination. Although not tested for its effects on fertility following artificial insemination, polyvinyl alcohol may also be a useful alternative to egg yolk as an extender. The development of cryopreservation techniques for canine embryos lags behind that for other mammals, including humans. However, given the success of non-surgical embryo transfer in 2011, studies have sought to refine this approach for practical use. Research on sperm cryopreservation has yielded satisfactory results. However, investigation of other approaches, such as cryopreservation of oocytes and gonadal tissues, remains insufficient. Techniques for the efficient induction of estrus may aid in the development of successful canine ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
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Gaytán L, Rascón CR, Angel-García O, Véliz FG, Contreras V, Mellado M. Factors influencing English Bulldog bitch fertility after surgical uterine deposition of fresh semen. Theriogenology 2019; 142:315-319. [PMID: 31711693 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight, oxytocin deposition in the uterus at artificial insemination (AI), vaginal cytology, serum progesterone (P4) concentration at AI, semen volume and total sperm cells per AI on whelping rate and litter size of English Bulldogs bitches following intrauterine surgical semen deposition. Seventy-eight English Bulldog bitches were artificially inseminated via semen infusion (number of sperm cells inseminated 300-2500 × 106) at the uterine body with fresh semen without extender and under general anesthesia. Whelping rate was greater (P < 0.05) in bitches with >23 kg than bitches with <23 kg (83.9 vs 63.8%). Whelping rate was greater (P < 0.01) in bitches with >75% vaginal cornified epithelium at AI (85.1%) than animals with <75% cornified epithelium (51.6%). Whelping rates were influenced (P < 0.01) by the semen volume at AI (54.3% vs 86.1% for bitches receiving <4 mL or >4 mL of semen). Litter size was larger (P < 0.05) in bitches >23 kg than lighter animals (3.72 ± 1.79 and 2.30 ± 1.46 pups per litter, respectively). Litter size was not influenced by sperm concentration, semen volume, vaginal cytology, serum P4 concentration and infusion of oxytocin in the uterus at AI (P > 0.1). The results of this study indicate that increasing body weight of English Bulldog bitches is related to higher whelping rates and larger litter size. Also, >75% of superficial cornified vaginal cells (squamous) at AI and >4 mL semen volume maximize whelping rates in this breed of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gaytán
- Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, 27056, Mexico
| | - C R Rascón
- Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, 27056, Mexico
| | - O Angel-García
- Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, 27056, Mexico
| | - F G Véliz
- Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, 27056, Mexico
| | - V Contreras
- Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, 27056, Mexico
| | - M Mellado
- Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Animal Nutrition, Saltillo, 25315, Mexico.
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Watts J. Development of a fluorescent computer-assisted spermatozoal quantification method and a comparison of results for manual counting with a haemocytometer and computer-assisted semen analysis in dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1477-1488. [PMID: 31441976 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel, computer-assisted spermatozoal quantification (CASQ) method of determining spermatozoal concentration in canine semen. In Experiment A, the spermatozoal concentration was measured (n = 28) with a haemocytometer using light microscopy, CASQ and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA; MMC sperm), following three independent dilutions. The limits of agreement between the haemocytometer and CASQ were -13.1% to 13.8% and -27.0% to 28.6% between the haemocytometer and CASA. The precision CVs (limits of agreement) were 5.7% (-7.8% to 8.9%) for the haemocytometer, 6.2% (-8.8% to 12.3%) for CASQ and 10.8% (-16.0% to 19.5%) for CASA. In Experiment B, spermatozoa were manually counted (n = 42) with the haemocytometer under fluorescent illumination using the CASQ sample. The limits of agreement between the CASQ and the haemocytometer were satisfactory (-4.6% to 4.6%) and the precision CVs (limits of agreement) were 6.2% (-9.0% to 11.4%) for the haemocytometer and 4.4% (-5.8% to 8.6%) for CASQ. The CASQ method was then clinically applied to compare the haemocytometer (light and fluorescent methods) with CASQ and CASA. Outlying data were removed. These studies demonstrated that CASQ was reliable and that the MMC sperm CASA was unreliable as methods for determining spermatozoal concentration in canine semen. Computer-assisted spermatozoal quantification was also determined to be more precise than manual counting with the haemocytometer. Using the clinical protocol, the agreement between the haemocytometer and CASQ method was acceptable, but it was worse than in the experiments where duplicate samples and a larger volume of semen were analysed. The CASQ method may be a useful method to measure the membrane status of canine spermatozoa; however, further investigation is required. Counting spermatozoa using fluorescent microscopy and the haemocytometer may improve the efficiency of counting and the accuracy of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Watts
- Animal Reproduction Australia Pty Ltd, Werribee, Vic., Australia
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The Effect of Different Concentrations of Caffeine, Pentoxifylline and 2’-Deoxyadenosine on the Biological Properties of Frozen-Thawed Canine Semen. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) and semen cryopreservation are the most accessible and commonly used techniques for breeding domestic animals. Among many parameters, such as plasma membrane integrity and acrosome structure, one of the key factors that determine the quality of frozen-thawed samples for artificial insemination is sperm motility. Sperm motility is one of the key parameters that determine the quality of frozen-thawed samples for AI. The total number of progressively motile spermatozoa in thawed canine semen is correlated with fertility. A variety of substances were used to compare sperm motility with the control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of semen extender supplementation with motility stimulants, pentoxifylline (PTX), caffeine (CAF) and 2’-deoxyadenosine (DX), after different post-thaw incubation times (30, 60, 120 min) on the motility, selected kinematic parameters, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of cryopreserved canine spermatozoa. During attempts to improve the quality of cryopreserved semen, the applied substances exerted beneficial effects at a concentration of 10 mM. We demonstrated that both phosphodiesterase inhibitors, caffeine and pentoxifylline, as well as 2’-deoxyadenosine increased the motility and selected kinematic parameters of thawed canine spermatozoa.
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Peña AI, Adán S, Quintela LA, Becerra JJ, Herradón PG. Relationship between motile sperm subpopulations identified in frozen-thawed dog semen samples and their ability to bind to the zona pellucida of canine oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53 Suppl 3:14-22. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Peña
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics; Department of Animal Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - Sheila Adán
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics; Department of Animal Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - Luis A. Quintela
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics; Department of Animal Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - Juan J. Becerra
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics; Department of Animal Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - Pedro G. Herradón
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics; Department of Animal Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
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Abstract
Artificial insemination is the collection of semen from the male and the subsequent insertion of the collected semen into the female. Artificial insemination may be requested for several reasons, including inability to achieve a mating or due to the use of fresh chilled or frozen semen. A good understanding of the cycle of the bitch is imperative for maximizing pregnancy rates, as poor timing of insemination is the most common cause of subfertility in the bitch. Insemination techniques commonly undertaken in the bitch include vaginal insemination, surgical intrauterine insemination, and transcervical insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Mason
- Monash Veterinary Clinic, 1662 Dandenong Road, Oakleigh East, Victoria 3166, Australia.
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