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Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Llorca T, Martinez-Aguilar R, Abadia-Molina AC, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Olivares EG. Stromal cells of the endometrium and decidua: in search of a name and an identity. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1166-1176. [PMID: 35947987 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endometrial and decidual stromal cells are the same cells in different environments (non-pregnancy and pregnancy, respectively). Although some authors consider decidual stromal cells to arise solely from the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells, this is a debatable issue given that decidualization processes do not end with the formation of the decidua, as shown by the presence of stromal cells from both the endometrium and decidua in both undifferentiated (non-decidualized) and decidualized states. Furthermore, recent functional and transcriptomic results have shown that there are differences in the decidualization process of endometrial and decidual stromal cells, with the latter having a greater decidualization capacity than the former. These differences suggest that in the terminology and study of their characteristics, endometrial and decidual stromal cells should be clearly distinguished, as should their undifferentiated or decidualized status. There is, however, considerable confusion in the designation and identification of uterine stromal cells. This confusion may impede a judicious understanding of the functional processes in normal and pathological situations. In the present article we analyse the different terms used in the literature for different types of uterine stromal cells, and propose that a combination of differentiation status (undifferentiated, decidualized) and localization (endometrium, decidua) criteria should be used to arrive at a set of accurate, unambiguous terms. The cell identity of uterine stromal cells is also a debatable issue: phenotypic, functional and transcriptomic studies in recent decades have related these cells to different established cells. We discuss the relevance of these associations in normal and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Ruiz-Magaña
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Tatiana Llorca
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocio Martinez-Aguilar
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Clara Abadia-Molina
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G Olivares
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Laboratorios, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Wartalski K, Gorczyca G, Wiater J, Tabarowski Z, Duda M. Porcine ovarian cortex-derived putative stem cells can differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:349-362. [PMID: 34269874 PMCID: PMC8550686 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), the primary component of the vasculature, play a crucial role in neovascularization. However, the number of endogenous ECs is inadequate for both experimental purposes and clinical applications. Porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs), although not pluripotent, are characterized by great plasticity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether poPSCs have the potential to differentiate into cells of endothelial lineage. poPSCs were immunomagnetically isolated from postnatal pig ovaries based on the presence of SSEA-4 protein. Expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers after pre-culture, both at the level of mRNA: ITGB1, THY, and ENG and corresponding protein: CD29, CD90, and CD105 were significantly higher compared to the control ovarian cortex cells. To differentiate poPSCs into ECs, inducing medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), ascorbic acid, and heparin was applied. After 14 days, poPSC differentiation into ECs was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining for vascular endothelial cadherin (VECad) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Semi-quantitative WB analysis of these proteins confirmed their high abundance. Additionally, qRT-PCR showed that mRNA expression of corresponding marker genes: CDH5, KDR was significantly higher compared with undifferentiated poPSCs. Finally, EC functional status was confirmed by the migration test that revealed that they were capable of positive chemotaxis, while tube formation assay demonstrated their ability to develop capillary networks. In conclusion, our results provided evidence that poPSCs may constitute the MSC population in the ovary and confirmed that they might be a potential source of ECs for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wartalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gorczyca
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tabarowski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Hematology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Decidualization modulates the mesenchymal stromal/stem cell and pericyte characteristics of human decidual stromal cells. Effects on antigen expression, chemotactic activity on monocytes and antitumoral activity. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103326. [PMID: 33965695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the most abundant cellular component of human decidua and play a central role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Antigen phenotyping and functional studies recently confirmed the relationship of DSCs with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and pericytes, the latter two cell types being closely related or identical. The present study investigated the effect of decidualization, a process of cell differentiation driven by progesterone (P4) and other pregnancy hormones, on the MSC/pericyte characteristics of DSCs. To this end we isolated undifferentiated DSC (preDSC) lines that were decidualized in vitro (dDSC) by the effect of P4 and cAMP. Using flow cytometry, we found significant downmodulation of the expression of the MSC/pericyte markers α-smooth muscle actin, nestin, CD140b, CD146 and SUSD2 in dDSCs. The dDSCs did not differ, compared to preDSCs, in the expression of angiogenic factors (characteristic of pericytes) HGF, FGF2, ANGPT1 or VEGF according to RT-PCR results, but had significantly increased PGF expression. In migration assays, preDSC-conditioned media had a chemotactic effect on the THP-1 monocytic line (characteristic of pericytes), and this effect was significantly greater in dDSC-conditioned media. Media conditioned with dDSC, but not with preDSC, induced apoptosis in 4 out of 6 different tumor cell lines (characteristic of MSCs) according to propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry results. Our findings show that decidualization induces phenotypic and functional changes in the MSC/pericyte properties of DSCs that may have a role in the normal development of pregnancy.
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Wright A, Arthaud-Day ML, Weiss ML. Therapeutic Use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: The Need for Inclusive Characterization Guidelines to Accommodate All Tissue Sources and Species. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632717. [PMID: 33665190 PMCID: PMC7921162 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery over 50 years ago, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most studied cellular therapeutic products by both academia and industry due to their regenerative potential and immunomodulatory properties. The promise of MSCs as a therapeutic modality has been demonstrated by preclinical data yet has not translated to consistent, successful clinical trial results in humans. Despite the disparities across the field, MSC shareholders are unified under one common goal-to use MSCs as a therapeutic modality to improve the quality of life for those suffering from a malady in which the standard of care is suboptimal or no longer effective. Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MSC therapy on the market in the United States although several MSC products have been granted regulatory approval in other countries. In this review, we intend to identify hurdles that are impeding therapeutic progress and discuss strategies that may aid in accomplishing this universal goal of widespread therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Marne L Arthaud-Day
- Department of Management, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.,Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Wartalski K, Gorczyca G, Wiater J, Tabarowski Z, Palus-Chramiec K, Setkowicz Z, Duda M. Efficient generation of neural-like cells from porcine ovarian putative stem cells - morphological characterization and evaluation of their electrophysiological properties. Theriogenology 2020; 155:256-268. [PMID: 32810809 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the mammalian ovary was considered to consist of fully differentiated tissues, but evidence for the presence of adult stem cells in this organ appeared. The differentiation potential of these cells, referred to as putative stem cells, is not well defined. Porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs) were immunomagnetically isolated from postnatal pig ovaries based on the presence of the SSEA-4 surface marker protein. First, they were cultured in the undifferentiated state. After the third passage, a novel 7-day culture method inducing their differentiation into neural-like cells by the addition of forskolin (FSK), retinoic acid (RA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to the culture medium was applied. After 7 days, poPSCs successfully differentiated into neural-like cells, as evidenced by neural morphology and the presence of the neuronal markers nestin, NeuN, and GFAP, as confirmed by immunofluorescence, western blot, and real-time PCR. Electrophysiological analysis of potassium and sodium channel activity (patch clamp) confirmed that they indeed differentiated into neurons. The plasticity of poPSCs offers an excellent opportunity, especially in the field of neuroscience, since they can differentiate into neurons or glial cells. Although poPSCs might not be pluripotent cells, they also escape the rigid classification framework of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wartalski
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gorczyca
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Krakow, Poland; Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tabarowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Wang X, Wang C, Cong J, Bao H, Liu X, Hao C. Regenerative Potential of Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Endometrial Injury. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919251. [PMID: 32112554 PMCID: PMC7063849 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial regeneration is essential for normal endometrial function; however, it is unclear whether and how menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) and platelet-derived growth factor (PGDF) are associated with this phenomenon. The present study explored this topic. Material/Methods EM-E6/E7/hTERT cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, NC group, PDGF group, MenSCs group, and PDGF+MenSCs group. The effects of MenSCs and PDGF on cell proliferation, invasion, and microvascular formation of endometrial epithelium were investigated by CCK-8, Transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. Mouse endometrial injury models were established and mice were randomly divided into control, model, PDGF, MenSCs, and PDGF+MenSCs groups. Pathological change was examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Microvessel formation of endometrial epithelium was estimated by detecting the expression of CD34 protein with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect the activation of Akt and Bad proteins in endometrial tissue. Results MenSCs, PDGF, and the combination treatments significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endometrial epithelium compared to the control and NC group. The combination of MenSCs and PDGF remarkably promoted re-epithelialization and endometrial repair. IHC staining analysis showed significant increases in CD34 expression of the endometrial tissue following treatment with PDGF and MenSCs. The combination treatments also markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and Bad in endometrial tissue. Conclusions These results suggest that MenSCs and PDGF may be candidate substances for endometrial injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Wang
- Department of Reproduction Medicine, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chengde Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jianxiang Cong
- Department of Reproduction Medicine, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongchu Bao
- Department of Reproduction Medicine, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Reproduction Medicine, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Department of Reproduction Medicine, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Zhang SS, Xu XX, Xiang WW, Zhang HH, Lin HL, Shen LE, Lin Q, Lin F, Zhou ZY. Using 17β-estradiol heparin-poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel to enhance the endometrial regeneration and functional recovery of intrauterine adhesions in a rat model. FASEB J 2019; 34:446-457. [PMID: 31914682 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901603rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical damage or infection to the endometrium can lead to the formation of adhesions in the uterine cavity, which may result in reduced reproductive outcome and/or pregnancy complications. The prognosis of this disease is poor due to few effective treatments and the complex environment of endometrium. Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel (HP hydrogel) is a nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterial, which has been commonly used as a sustained-release delivery system. In this study, we applied a mini-endometrial curette to scrape the endometrium of rats to mimic the process of curettage in patients. After the establishment of IUA model in rats, we injected the thermo-sensitive hydrogel(E2-HP hydrogel) into the injured uterine cavity and evaluated the therapeutic effect of E2-HP hydrogel on the recovery of IUA. Our results showed that E2-HP hydrogel can significantly facilitate the regeneration of injured endometrium along with inhibiting the cell apoptosis in IUA model. Furthermore, we revealed that E2-HP hydrogel on the recovery of IUA was closely associated with the upregulation of kisspeptin through activating the ERK1/2 and MAPKs p38 pathways. In conclusion, E2-HP hydrogel can effectively transfer E2 into the injured endometrium and it can be considered as a promising therapeutic method for the women with intrauterine adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Heng Zhang
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui-Long Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lai-En Shen
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
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Lv H, Hu Y, Cui Z, Jia H. Human menstrual blood: a renewable and sustainable source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:325. [PMID: 30463587 PMCID: PMC6249727 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play an important role in autologous and even allogenic applications. Menstrual blood discharge has been identified as a valuable source of SCs which are referred to as menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs). Compared to SCs from bone marrow and adipose tissues, MenSCs come from body discharge and obtaining them is non-invasive to the body, they are easy to collect, and there are no ethical concerns. There is, hence, a growing interest in the functions of MenSCs and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. This review presents recent progress in research into MenSCs and their potential application. Clinical indications of using MenSCs for various regenerative medicine applications are emphasized, and future research is recommended to accelerate clinical applications of MenSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Tissue Engineering Group, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Huidong Jia
- Tissue Engineering Group, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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