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Joshi M, Kumar V, Singh D, Onteru SK. Taurine dynamics in serum during the oestrous cycle in buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14560. [PMID: 38595035 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Estrus identification is one of the common issues in buffaloes because of their short estrus duration and silent estrus problem. Hence, specific biomarkers facilitating in identifying the estrus stage would be helpful to buffalo farmers and researchers. In our previous studies, taurine, a non-protein amino acid that helps in the secretion of reproductive hormones such as GnRH, was found to be associated with postpartum anestrus in buffaloes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the level of taurine in serum during different stages of the oestrous cycle in healthy cyclic buffaloes. Blood samples were collected from healthy cyclic buffaloes (n = 4), and taurine was estimated at the estrus (0th day), proestrus (-2nd day), metestrus (3rd day) and diestrus (+10th day) stages using TLC method. The days of the oestrous cycle were determined by ultrasonography and observation of behavioural signs by trained professionals. The results revealed that taurine was consistently present in the serum. However, the highest concentration of taurine was observed at the proestrus (0.20 ± 0.03 mg/mL) stage, which was greater (p < .05) than metestrus (0.10 ± 0.05 mg/mL) and diestrus (0.13 ± 0.03 mg/mL) stages, but comparable with the estrus stage. These results were also validated in the simulated population datasets of population size 6 to 10,000. Further, ROC curve analysis for the large simulated population indicated the efficiency of taurine to distinguish proestrus from metestrus and diestrus stages at a lower cutoff value of <0.1643 mg/mL with 60% sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the present study concludes that serum taurine concentration could help in detecting proestrus stage of buffalo estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Joshi
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Manikkaraja C, Bhavika M, Singh R, Nagarathnam B, George G, Gulyani A, Archunan G, Sowdhamini R. Molecular and functional characterization of buffalo nasal epithelial odorant binding proteins and their structural insights by in silico and biochemical approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4164-4187. [PMID: 33292066 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1854117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system is capable of detecting and distinguishing thousands of environmental odorants that play a key role in reproduction, social behaviours including pheromones influenced classical events. Membrane secretary odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are soluble lipocalins, localized in the nasal membrane of mammals. They bind and carry odorants within the nasal epithelium to putative olfactory transmembrane receptors (ORs). OBP has not yet been exploited to develop a suitable technique to detect oestrus which is being reported as a difficult task in buffalo. In the present study, using molecular biology and protein engineering approaches, we have cloned six novel OBP isoforms from buffalo nasal epithelium odorant-binding proteins (bnOBPs). Furthermore, 3 D models were developed and molecular-docking, dynamics experiments were performed by in silico approaches. In particular, we found four residues (Phe104, Phe134, Phe69 and Asn118) in OBP1a, which contributed to favourable interactions towards two sex pheromones, specifically oleic acid and p-cresol. We expressed this protein in Escherichia coli from female buffalo urine and validated through fluorescence quenching studies to show similar strong binding affinities of OBP1a to oleic acid and p-cresol. By using structural data, the binding specificity was also verified by site-directed mutagenesis of the four residues followed by in vitro binding assays. Our results enable us to better understand the functions of different nasal epithelium OBP isoforms in buffaloes. They also lead to improved understanding of the interaction between olfactory proteins and odorants to develop highly selective biosensing devices for non-invasive detection of oestrus in buffaloes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidhambaram Manikkaraja
- Pheromone Technology Lab, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mam Bhavika
- GKVK Campus, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Balasubramanian Nagarathnam
- GKVK Campus, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Geen George
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akash Gulyani
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Pheromone Technology Lab, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- GKVK Campus, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Srinivasan M, Muthukumar S, Saibaba G, Manikkaraja C, Abdulkader Akbarsha M, Archunan G. Salivary luteinizing hormone: An open window to detect oestrous period in buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:647-651. [PMID: 31991006 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silent oestrus is an unsurmountable problem in the management of buffalo reproduction. In addressing this issue, we have earlier reported variation in the levels of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) through the different phases of oestrous cycle with an extended window during the mid-oestrous phase. Based on this report, the present study is designed to assess the salivary LH levels in buffalo during the different phases of oestrous cycle. Bovine LH ELISA kit was used to determine the level of salivary LH. We observed a notable variation in salivary LH levels during the different phases of oestrous cycle. The maximum LH level, 39.07 mIU/ml, observed during oestrus, which was significantly (p < .05) higher than other consecutive phases. Altogether, the results showed a significant (p < .05) fold variation during oestrus compared with other phases. Therefore, the study convincingly shows that salivary LH has the potential of application in development of a modality for non-invasive oestrous detection in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingam Srinivasan
- Pheromone Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Ganesan Saibaba
- Pheromone Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.,Department of Animal Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTzion, Israel
| | - Chidambaram Manikkaraja
- Pheromone Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Pheromone Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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