1
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Li W, Liu Y, Zhou G, Li Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma X, Wang X. Comparison of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts as Donor Nuclei for Handmade Cloning in Sheep Using a Single-Cell Transcriptome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:589. [PMID: 38396557 PMCID: PMC10886412 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oocytes are efficient at reprogramming terminally differentiated cells to a totipotent state. Nuclear transfer techniques can exploit this property to produce cloned animals. However, the overall efficiency is low. The use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as donor nuclei may increase blastocyst rates, but the exact reasons for this remain unexplored. A single-cell transcriptomic approach was used to map the transcriptome profiles of eight-cell embryos that were in vitro-fertilized and handmade-cloned using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts as nuclear donors. Differences were examined at the chromatin level, the level of differentially expressed genes, the level of histone modifications and the level of DNA methylation. This research provides critical information regarding the use of UC-MSCs as a preferred donor nucleus for nuclear transfer techniques. It also offers unique insights into the mechanism of cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xiuling Ma
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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2
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Oh SH, Lee SE, Han DH, Yoon JW, Kim SH, Lim ES, Lee HB, Kim EY, Park SP. Treatments of Porcine Nuclear Recipient Oocytes and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Generated Embryos with Various Reactive Oxygen Species Scavengers Lead to Improvements of Their Quality Parameters and Developmental Competences by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Related Impacts. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:73-81. [PMID: 36939858 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant effects of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), hesperetin (HES), and icariin (ICA), and their effects on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Treatment with 1 μM BCX (BCX-1) increased the developmental rate of porcine oocytes more than treatment with 100 μM HES (HES-100) or 5 μM ICA (ICA-5). The glutathione level and mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (NFE2L2, SOD1, and SOD2) were more increased in the BCX-1 group than in the HES-100 and ICA-5 groups, while the reactive oxygen species level was more decreased. Moreover, BCX improved the developmental capacity and quality of SCNT embryos. The total cell number, apoptotic cell rate, and development-related gene expression were modulated in the BCX-1 group to enhance embryonic development of SCNT. These results show that the antioxidant effects of BCX enhance in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development of SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Oh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Yoon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Lim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Han-Bi Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Bio Medical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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3
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Bolton RL, Mooney A, Pettit MT, Bolton AE, Morgan L, Drake GJ, Appeltant R, Walker SL, Gillis JD, Hvilsom C. Resurrecting biodiversity: advanced assisted reproductive technologies and biobanking. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:R121-R146. [PMID: 35928671 PMCID: PMC9346332 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is defined as the presence of a variety of living organisms on the Earth that is essential for human survival. However, anthropogenic activities are causing the sixth mass extinction, threatening even our own species. For many animals, dwindling numbers are becoming fragmented populations with low genetic diversity, threatening long-term species viability. With extinction rates 1000–10,000 times greater than natural, ex situ and in situ conservation programmes need additional support to save species. The indefinite storage of cryopreserved (−196°C) viable cells and tissues (cryobanking), followed by assisted or advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART: utilisation of oocytes and spermatozoa to generate offspring; aART: utilisation of somatic cell genetic material to generate offspring), may be the only hope for species’ long-term survival. As such, cryobanking should be considered a necessity for all future conservation strategies. Following cryopreservation, ART/aART can be used to reinstate lost genetics back into a population, resurrecting biodiversity. However, for this to be successful, species-specific protocol optimisation and increased knowledge of basic biology for many taxa are required. Current ART/aART is primarily focused on mammalian taxa; however, this needs to be extended to all, including to some of the most endangered species: amphibians. Gamete, reproductive tissue and somatic cell cryobanking can fill the gap between losing genetic diversity today and future technological developments. This review explores species prioritisation for cryobanking and the successes and challenges of cryopreservation and multiple ARTs/aARTs. We here discuss the value of cryobanking before more species are lost and the potential of advanced reproductive technologies not only to halt but also to reverse biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | | | - Matt T Pettit
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- IMT International Limited, Tattenhall, Chester, UK
| | - Anthony E Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | - Lucy Morgan
- Gemini Genetics, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, UK
| | | | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, Level 3, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan L Walker
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - James D Gillis
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, Florida, USA
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4
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Gao M, Zhu X, Peng W, He Y, Li Y, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Liao G, Yang G, Bao J, Bu H. Kidney ECM Pregel Nanoarchitectonics for Microarrays to Accelerate Harvesting Gene-Edited Porcine Primary Monoclonal Spheres. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23156-23169. [PMID: 35847249 PMCID: PMC9280780 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
One of the key steps
of using CRISPR/Cas9 to obtain gene-edited
cells used in generating gene-edited animals combined with somatic
cell nuclear transplantation (SCNT) is to harvest monoclonal cells
with genetic modifications. However, primary cells used as nuclear
donors always grow slowly and fragile after a series of gene-editing
operations. The extracellular matrix (ECM) formulated directly from
different organs comprises complex proteins and growth factors that
can improve and regulate the cellular functions of primary cells.
Herein, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) detergent was first used
to perfuse porcine kidney ECM, and the biological properties of the
kidney ECM were optimized. Then, we used a porcine kidney ECM pregel
to pattern the microarray and developed a novel strategy to shorten
the time of obtaining gene-edited monoclonal cell spheroids with low
damage in batches. Our results showed that the SLES-perfused porcine
kidney ECM pregel displayed superior biological activities in releasing
growth factors and promoting cell proliferation. Finally, combined
with microarray technology, we quickly obtained monoclonal cells in
good condition, and the cells used as nuclear donors to construct
recombinant embryos showed a significantly higher success rate than
those of the traditional method. We further successfully produced
genetically edited pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Gao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinglong Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanliu Peng
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuting He
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Experimental Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ji Bao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Rim CS, Kim YS, Rim CH, Ri YJ, Choe JS, Kim DS, Kim GS, Il Ri J, Kim RC, Chen H, Xiao L, Fu Z, Pak YJ, Jong UM. Effect of roscovitine pretreatment for increased utilization of small follicle-derived oocytes on developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 241:106987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Technical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since the announcement of the birth of the first cloned mammal in 1997, Dolly the sheep, 24 animal species including laboratory, farm, and wild animals have been cloned. The technique for somatic cloning involves transfer of the donor nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte at the metaphase II (MII) stage for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor. There is increasing interest in animal cloning for different purposes such as rescue of endangered animals, replication of superior farm animals, production of genetically engineered animals, creation of biomedical models, and basic research. However, the efficiency of cloning remains relatively low. High abortion, embryonic, and fetal mortality rates are frequently observed. Moreover, aberrant developmental patterns during or after birth are reported. Researchers attribute these abnormal phenotypes mainly to incomplete nuclear remodeling, resulting in incomplete reprogramming. Nevertheless, multiple factors influence the success of each step of the somatic cloning process. Various strategies have been used to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer and most of the phenotypically normal born clones can survive, grow, and reproduce. This paper will present some technical, biological, and molecular aspects of somatic cloning, along with remarkable achievements and current improvements.
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7
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Ex Situ Conservation and Genetic Rescue of Endangered Polish Cattle and Pig Breeds with the Aid of Modern Reproductive Biotechnology – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The development and optimization of reproductive biotechnology – specifically semen cryopreservation, spermatological diagnostics, and intraspecies cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) – have become essential techniques to conserve the genetic resources and establish genetic reserves of endangered or vanishing native Polish livestock breeds. Moreover, this biotechnology is necessary for perpetuating biological diversity and enhancing genetic variability as well as for restoring and reintroducing breeds into anthropogenic agricultural ecosystems. On the one hand, the purpose of our paper is to interpret recent efforts aimed at the ex situ conservation of native cattle and pig breeds. On the other, it emphasizes the prominent role played by the National Research Institute of Animal Production (NRIAP) in maintaining biodiversity in agricultural environmental niches. Furthermore, our paper provides an overview of the conventional and modern strategies of the banking and cryopreservation of germplasm-carrier biological materials and somatic cell lines, spermatological diagnostics, and semen-based and SCNT-mediated assisted reproductive technologies (ART s). These are the most reliable and powerful tools for ex situ protection of the genetic resources of endangered breeds of livestock, especially cattle and pigs.
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8
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Wu X, Zhao H, Lai J, Zhang N, Shi J, Zhou R, Su Q, Zheng E, Xu Z, Huang S, Hong L, Gu T, Yang J, Yang H, Cai G, Wu Z, Li Z. Interleukin 17D Enhances the Developmental Competence of Cloned Pig Embryos by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Promoting Embryonic Genome Activation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113062. [PMID: 34827794 PMCID: PMC8614321 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cloning technique is important for animal husbandry and biomedicine because it can be used to clone superior breeding livestock and produce multipurpose genetically modified animals. However, the success rate of cloning currently is very low due to the low developmental efficiency of cloned embryos, which limits the application of cloning. The low developmental competence is related to the excessive cell death in cloned embryos. Interleukin 17D (IL17D) is required for the normal development of mouse embryos by inhibiting cell death. This study aimed to investigate whether IL17D can improve cloned pig embryo development by inhibiting cell death. Addition of IL17D protein to culture medium decreased the cell death level and improved the developmental ability of cloned pig embryos. IL17D treatment enhanced cloned pig embryo development by regulating cell death-associated gene pathways and promoting genome-wide gene expression, which is probably via up-regulating the expression of a gene called GADD45B. This study provided a new approach to improve the pig cloning efficiency by adding IL17D protein to the culture medium of cloned pig embryos. Abstract Cloned animals generated by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) approach are valuable for the farm animal industry and biomedical science. Nevertheless, the extremely low developmental efficiency of cloned embryos hinders the application of SCNT. Low developmental competence is related to the higher apoptosis level in cloned embryos than in fertilization-derived counterparts. Interleukin 17D (IL17D) expression is up-regulated during early mouse embryo development and is required for normal development of mouse embryos by inhibiting apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate whether IL17D plays roles in regulating pig SCNT embryo development. Supplementation of IL17D to culture medium improved the developmental competence and decreased the cell apoptosis level in cloned porcine embryos. The transcriptome data indicated that IL17D activated apoptosis-associated pathways and promoted global gene expression at embryonic genome activation (EGA) stage in treated pig SCNT embryos. Treating pig SCNT embryos with IL17D up-regulated expression of GADD45B, which is functional in inhibiting apoptosis and promoting EGA. Overexpression of GADD45B enhanced the developmental efficiency of cloned pig embryos. These results suggested that IL17D treatment enhanced the developmental ability of cloned pig embryos by suppressing apoptosis and promoting EGA, which was related to the up-regulation of GADD45B expression. This study demonstrated the roles of IL17D in early development of porcine SCNT embryos and provided a new approach to improve the developmental efficiency of cloned porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaxing Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junkun Lai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- Guangdong Wens Pig Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527499, China; (J.S.); (R.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Rong Zhou
- Guangdong Wens Pig Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527499, China; (J.S.); (R.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiaoyun Su
- Guangdong Wens Pig Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527499, China; (J.S.); (R.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sixiu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (N.Z.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Z.L.)
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9
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Jiao D, Cheng W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo J, Li Z, Shi D, Xiong Z, Qing Y, Jamal MA, Xu K, Zhao HY, Wei HJ. Improving porcine SCNT efficiency by selecting donor cells size. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2264-2277. [PMID: 34583621 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1980983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable advancements have recently been achieved in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but the efficiency remains low. Donor cell size might play an important role in SCNT, but its effects in pigs remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of porcine SCNT by selecting donor cells of suitable size. Porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) were divided into three groups, group S (small, d ≤ 13 μm), group M (medium, 13 μm<d ≤ 18 μm), and group L (large, d > 18 μm), and their biological characteristics were analyzed. Next, SCNT was performed using PFFs of different sizes to evaluate the developmental potential of reconstructed embryos. The data showed that PFFs in groups S, M and L accounted for 17.5%, 47.7% and 34.8% of cells, respectively. Morphologically, cells in group S exhibited clear and regular cell membranes and nuclei, whereas cells in groups M and L displayed varying degrees of cell membrane protuberance, karyo-pyknosis, autophagy and mitochondrial abnormalities. In addition, the growth status and proliferation capabilities of cells in group S were significantly better than those of group M and group L. The percentage of cells at G0/G1 in group S and M were significantly greater than group L. The senescence rate of group S was lower than group M and group L. The apoptosis rate of group S was significantly lower than that of group L but comparable to that of group M . The cleavage rate of group S was also significantly greater than that of group M but comparable to that of group L . The blastocyst rate of group S was significantly greater than that of group M and group L. The blastocyst cell numbers of group S were also significantly greater than those of group M and group L. These findings suggested that small PFFs with a diameter of less than 13 μm are more suitable donor cells for SCNT in pigs.Abbreviations: DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PFFs: Porcine fetal fibroblast cells; SCNT: Somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Jiao
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenmin Cheng
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dejia Shi
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yubo Qing
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Muhammad Ameen Jamal
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kaixiang Xu
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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10
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Effects of Incubation Time and Method of Cell Cycle Synchronization on Collared Peccary Skin-Derived Fibroblast Cell Lines. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The success of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer depends on the efficiency of nuclear reprogramming, with the cycle stage of the donor cell playing a crucial role. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate three different approaches for cell cycle synchronization: (i) serum starvation (SS) for 1 to 4 days, (ii) contact inhibition (CI) for 1 to 3 days, and (iii) using cell cycle regulatory inhibitors (dimethyl sulfoxide, cycloheximide, cytochalasin B, or 6-dimethylaminopurine) for 1 and 2 days, in terms of their effects on synchronization in G0/G1 phases and viability of collared peccary skin fibroblasts. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SS for 4 days (79.0% ± 1.6) and CI for 3 days (78.0% ± 1.4) increased the percentage of fibroblasts in G0/G1 compared to growing cells GC (68.1% ± 8.6). However, SS for 3 and 4 days reduced the viability evaluated by differential staining (81.4% ± 0.03 and 81.6% ± 0.06) compared to growing cells (GC, 95.9% ± 0.06). CI did not affect the viability at any of the analyzed time intervals. No cell cycle inhibitors promoted synchronization in G0/G1. These results indicate that CI for 3 days was the most efficient method for cell cycle synchronization in peccary fibroblasts.
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11
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Lee AR, Park JH, Shim SH, Hong K, La H, Park KS, Lee DR. Genome stabilization by RAD51-stimulatory compound 1 enhances efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer-mediated reprogramming and full-term development of cloned mouse embryos. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13059. [PMID: 34021643 PMCID: PMC8249786 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genetic instability and DNA damage arise during transcription factor-mediated reprogramming of somatic cells, and its efficiency may be reduced due to abnormal chromatin remodelling. The efficiency in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-mediated reprogramming is also very low, and it is caused by development arrest of most reconstituted embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whether the repair of genetic instability or double-strand breaks (DSBs) during SCNT reprogramming may play an important role in embryonic development, we observed and analysed the effect of Rad 51, a key modulator of DNA damage response (DDR) in SCNT-derived embryos. RESULTS Here, we observed that the activity of Rad 51 is lower in SCNT eggs than in conventional IVF and found a significantly lower level of DSBs in SCNT embryos during reprogramming. To address this difference, supplementation with RS-1, an activator of Rad51, during the activation of SCNT embryos can increase RAD51 expression and DSB foci and thereby increased the efficiency of SCNT reprogramming. Through subsequent single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we observed the reactivation of a large number of genes that were not expressed in SCNT-2-cell embryos by the upregulation of DDR, which may be related to overcoming the developmental block. Additionally, there may be an independent pathway involving histone demethylase that can reduce reprograming-resistance regions. CONCLUSIONS This technology can contribute to the production of comparable cell sources for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Reum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea.,CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo La
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea.,CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Korea
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12
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Kim EH, Ridlo MR, Lee BC, Kim GA. Crosstalk between Peroxisomal Activities and Nrf2 Signaling in Porcine Embryos. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050771. [PMID: 34068072 PMCID: PMC8152488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and phytanic acid (PA) are known to be involved in lipid metabolism and β-oxidation, in which peroxisomal activities also significantly participate. In addition, other studies have reported that the nuclear factor-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2) signaling pathway mediates lipid metabolism and its subsequent cascades. As these mechanisms are partially involved in porcine oocytes or embryonic development, we hypothesized that the factors governing these mechanisms could be interconnected. Therefore, we aimed to investigate possible crosstalk between peroxisomal activities and Nrf2 signaling in porcine embryos following melatonin and PA treatment. Porcine embryos were cultured for seven days after parthenogenetic activation, and subsequently treated with melatonin and PA, or injected with Pex19-targeted siRNAs. Real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and BODIPY staining were used to evaluate peroxisomal activities, Nrf2 signaling, and subsequent lipid metabolism. We found that melatonin/PA treatment enhanced embryonic development, whereas injection with Pex19-targeted siRNAs had the opposite effect. Moreover, melatonin/PA treatment upregulated peroxisomal activities, Nrf2 signaling, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial membrane potentials, whereas most of these mechanisms were downregulated by Pex19-targeted siRNAs. Therefore, we suggest that there is a connection between the action of melatonin and PA and the Nrf2 signaling pathway and peroxisomal activities, which positively influences porcine embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (M.-R.R.); (B.-C.L.)
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju 28158, Korea
| | - Muhammad-Rosyid Ridlo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (M.-R.R.); (B.-C.L.)
- Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (M.-R.R.); (B.-C.L.)
| | - Geon A. Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea
- Correspondence:
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13
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Cao L, Dai X, Huang S, Shen K, Shi D, Li X. Inhibition of Suv39h1/2 expression improves the early development of Debao porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:992-1003. [PMID: 33890331 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog (Suv39h)1 and 2, Histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3)-specific methyltransferases, are mainly involved in regulating the dynamic changes of H3K9me3. Regulating Suv39h expression influences the early development of mice somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, there are few reports concerning their features in domestic animals. The aim of the present study was to characterize the Suv39h function in early development of Debao porcine SCNT embryos. The global level of H3K9me3 and the expression profiles of Suv39h1/2 in porcine early embryos were analysed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR methods, respectively. Their roles in cell proliferation and histone modification of Debao porcine foetal fibroblast cells (PFFs), and developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos were investigated by shRNA technology. The methylation levels of H3K9me3 and the expression patterns of Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 were similar (p < .05), and both of them displayed higher levels in Debao porcine SCNT embryos compared with that in PA embryos. The global levels of H3K9me3 and the expressions of G9a, HDAC1 and DNMT1 were decreased by combined inhibition of Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 (p < .05), while the expression of HAT1 was increased (p < .05). Downregulation of Suv39h1/2 also promoted cell proliferation and resulted in a significant increase in the expression of CyclinA2, CyclinB and PCNA in PFFs (p < .05). Furthermore, the use of donor somatic nuclei which depleted H3K9me3 by inhibiting Suv39h1/2 expression markedly increased the cleavage rate, the blastocyst rate and the total cell number of blastocysts of Debao porcine SCNT embryos (p < .05). Altogether, the above results indicate that H3K9me3 levels and Suv39h1/2 expressions display similar patterns in porcine early embryo, and low levels of them are critical to cell proliferation of PFFs and early development of SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoli Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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14
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Zhu X, Wei Y, Zhan Q, Yan A, Feng J, Liu L, Tang D. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Biallelic Knockout of IRX3 Reduces the Production and Survival of Somatic Cell-Cloned Bama Minipigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E501. [PMID: 32192102 PMCID: PMC7142520 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bama minipigs are a local pig breed that is unique to China and has a high development and utilization value. However, its high fat content, low feed utilization rate, and slow growth rate have limited its popularity and utilization. Compared with the long breeding cycle and high cost of traditional genetic breeding of pigs, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated gene editing can cost-effectively implement targeted mutations in animal genomes, thereby providing a powerful tool for rapid improvement of the economic traits of Bama minipigs. The iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3) gene has been implicated in human obesity. Mouse experiments have shown that knocking out IRX3 significantly enhances basal metabolism, reduces fat content, and controls body mass and composition. This study aimed to knock out IRX3 using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method to breed Bama minipigs with significantly reduced fat content. First, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method was used to efficiently obtain IRX3-/- cells. Then, the gene-edited cells were used as donor cells to produce surviving IRX3-/- Bama minipigs using somatic cell cloning. The results show that the use of IRX3-/- cells as donor cells for the production of somatic cell-cloned pigs results in a significant decrease in the average live litter size and a significant increase in the average number of stillbirths. Moreover, the birth weight of surviving IRX3-/- somatic cell-cloned pigs is significantly lower, and viability is poor such that all piglets die shortly after birth. Therefore, the preliminary results of this study suggest that IRX3 may have important biological functions in pigs, and IRX3 should not be used as a gene editing target to reduce fat content in Bama minipigs. Moreover, this study shows that knocking out IRX3 does not favor the survival of pigs, and whether targeted regulation of IRX3 in the treatment of human obesity will also induce severe adverse consequences requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Gene Editing, School of Medical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (A.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qunmei Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Aifen Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Gene Editing, School of Medical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (A.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Juan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Gene Editing, School of Medical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (A.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Lian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Gene Editing, School of Medical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (A.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Gene Editing, School of Medical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (A.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
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