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Marei WFA, De Bie J, Xhonneux I, Andries S, Britt JH, Leroy JLMR. Metabolic and antioxidant status during transition is associated with changes in the granulosa cell transcriptome in the preovulatory follicle in high-producing dairy cows at the time of breeding. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6956-6972. [PMID: 35840405 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that early postpartum (pp) metabolic and oxidative stress conditions in dairy cows (particularly those with severe negative energy balance, NEB) are associated with long-term changes in granulosa cell (GC) functions in the preovulatory follicle at the time of breeding. Blood samples were collected at wk 2 and wk 8 pp from 47 healthy multiparous cows. Follicular fluid (FF) and GC were collected from the preovulatory follicle after estrous synchronization at wk 8. Several metabolic and antioxidant parameters were measured in blood and FF, and their correlations were studied. Subsequently, 27 representative GC samples were selected for RNA sequencing analysis. The GC gene expression data of LH-responsive genes and the estradiol:progesterone ratio in FF were used to identify pre- and post-LH surge cohorts. We compared the transcriptomic profile of subgroups of cows within the highest and lowest quartiles (Q4 vs. Q1) of each parameter, focusing on the pre-LH surge cohort (n = 16, at least 3 in each subgroup). Differentially expressed genes (DEG: adjusted P-value < 0.05, 5% false discovery rate) were determined using DESeq2 analysis and were functionally annotated. Blood and FF β-carotene and vitamin E concentrations at wk 2, but not at wk 8, were associated with the most pronounced transcriptomic differences in the GC, with up to 341 DEG indicative for lower catabolism, increased oxidoreductase activity and signaling cascades that are known to enhance oocyte developmental competence, increased responsiveness to LH, and a higher steroidogenic activity. In contrast, elevated blood NEFA concentrations at wk 2 (and not at wk 8) were associated with a long-term carryover effect detectable in the GC transcriptome at wk 8 (64 DEG). These genes are related to response to lipids and ketones, oxidative stress, and immune responses, which suggests persistent cellular stress and oxidative damage. This effect was more pronounced in cows with antioxidant deficiencies at wk 8 (up to 148 DEG), with more genes involved in oxidative stress-dependent responses, apoptosis, autophagy and catabolic processes, and mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, within the severe NEB cows (high blood NEFA at wk 2), blood antioxidant concentrations (high vs. low) at wk 8 were associated with up to 194 DEG involved in activation of meiosis and other signaling pathways, indicating a better oocyte supportive capacity. This suggests that the cow antioxidant profile at the time of breeding might alleviate, at least in part, the effect of NEB on GC functions. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that the metabolic and oxidative stress in dairy cows early postpartum can have long-term effects on GC functions in preovulatory follicles at the time of breeding. The interplay between the effects of antioxidants and NEFA illustrated here might be useful to develop intervention strategies to minimize the effect of severe NEB on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Jessie De Bie
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Inne Xhonneux
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Silke Andries
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jack H Britt
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Paulini F, Melo EO. Effects of Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 overexpression on the steroidogenic metabolism in bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:837-847. [PMID: 33683747 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cells (GCs) play important roles in the regulation of ovarian functions, and in vitro culture is a relevant model for the study of steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles. Thus, growth factors secreted by the oocyte, like Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15), play an important part in the luteinization of granulosa cells. The aim of this work was to express GDF9 and BMP15 genes in bovine GCs in vitro and evaluate their effects on the luteinization process. Samples of culture medium and GCs transfected with GDF9 and BMP15 were obtained for 21 consecutive days to analyse the steroidogenic hormones' concentration (progesterone (P4 ) and estradiol (E2 )) and the expression of STAR, GDF9 and BMP15 and their respective receptors. The results demonstrated an inhibitory effect of GDF9 and BMPF15 on P4 secretion in bovine GCs cultured in vitro. Moreover, our study demonstrated the entire expression of their respective receptors (TGFBR1, BMPR1B and BMPR2) and the inhibition of the steroidogenic marker, STAR gene. This work sheds light on a novel biological function of BMP15 and GDF9 in bovine GCs physiology, which could elucidate a non-described biological role for GDF9 and BMP15 in bovine granulosa cells' metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Paulini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eduardo O Melo
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Tocantins-UFT, Gurupi, Brazil
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Liu Q, Liang Y, Gao N, Gao J, Wang Y, Li X, Qin J, Xiang Q, Wu X, Chen H, Huang Y, Zhang Q. Regulation of lipid droplets via the PLCβ2-PKCα-ADRP pathway in granulosa cells exposed to cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115541. [PMID: 32892022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In steroidogenic cells, steroids are synthesized de novo from cholesterol stored in lipid droplets (LDs). The size of LDs regulated by adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) is closely related to cholesterol ester hydrolysis. Many studies reported that cadmium (Cd) had dual effects on steroidogenesis in granulosa cells (GCs). However, the role of LD and its regulation in abnormal steroidogenesis caused by Cd exposure remain unknown. In current study, female rats were exposed to CdCl2 during gestation and lactation, and influence of such exposure was investigated in ovarian GCs of female offspring. The size of LDs was found much smaller than normal in GCs; ADRP was down-regulated and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation was increased, followed by up-regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1); the expression of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 (PLCβ2) and protein kinase C alpha type (PKCα) were both decreased accompanying the ADRP down-regulation. This series of events resulted in a high level of progesterone in serum. Similar results were demonstrated in GCs treated with 20 μM CdCl2 for 24 h in vitro. The protein level of ADRP was decreased after gene silencing of PLCβ2/PKCα, and the knockdown of PLCβ2/PKCα/ADRP led to micro-sized LD formation. We found that Cd exposure down-regulated ADRP by inhibiting the PLCβ2-PKCα signaling pathway, reduced the size of LDs, and promoted HSL phosphorylation. StAR and CYP11A1 were both up-regulated following the hydrolysis of cholesterol ester, which led to a high production of progesterone. LD thereby is a target subcellular organelle for Cd to affect steroid hormone synthesis in ovarian GCs. These findings might help to uncover the mechanism of ovarian dysfunction and precocious puberty caused by Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Youjin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianxiang Qin
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangzhou Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co.,Ltd, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangzhou Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co.,Ltd, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangzhou Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University Co.,Ltd, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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