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Kowal W, Kij-Mitka B, Bednarek K, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Cytogenetic Diagnosis of a British Shorthair Tomcat with a 37, X/38, XY/39, XY+der(Y) Karyotype. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the determination of three different cell lines in a two-year-old British shorthair tomcat, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), is described. The FISH technique was instrumental in the identification of this chromosomal aberration, which had not been
previously described in cats. The mosaic karyotype with three cell lines (37, X; 38, XY; and 39, XY+der(Y)), detected using X-, Yand autosomal B1-whole chromosome painting probes, were all visible in the metaphase and interphase nuclei. The ratios of the three cell lines were 3.6%, 85.6% and
10.8%, respectively. In addition, at the time of this examination, the cat had a temperamental disposition that had persisted beyond castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Kowal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Kij-Mitka
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Bednarek
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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Stachowiak M, Szczerbal I, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Nowak T, Sowinska N, Lukomska A, Gogulski M, Badura M, Sklorz-Mencel K, Jagodka D, Nizanski W, Dzimira S, Switonski M. Cytogenetic and molecular insight into the genetic background of disorders of sex development in seventeen cats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17807. [PMID: 36280698 PMCID: PMC9592617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of feline disorders of sex development (DSDs) is poorly understood. We performed comprehensive cytogenetic, molecular, and histological studies of 17 cats with abnormal external genitalia, unusual behavior, or tricolor coats (atypical in males). The DSD phenotype of three cats was associated with sex chromosome abnormalities: X/Y translocation (38,XXSRY+), 37,X/38,XY mosaicism, and XX/XY leukocyte chimerism. The remaining 14 affected cats were classified as XY DSD (SRY-positive). In this group and 38 normal males, we analyzed a priori selected candidate genes (SRY, TAC3, CYP11B1 and LHCGR). Only a previously reported nonpathogenic variant was found in SRY. Moreover, SRY gene copy number was determined, and three variants were observed: 6, 5 (modal), and 4 copies in a single DSD case. The known variants in TAC3 and CYP11B1, responsible for testicular hypoplasia, persistent primary dentition or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, were not found in the study group. Nine novel polymorphisms were identified in the LHCGR gene, one of which, a potentially regulatory indel variant in 5'UTR, was significantly associated (p = 0.0467) with XY DSD. Our report confirmed that abnormalities of sex chromosomes are important causes of feline DSDs. We also showed that the indel variant of LHCGR can be considered a promising marker associated with XY DSD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stachowiak
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Sowinska
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lukomska
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Gogulski
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland ,grid.424906.d0000 0000 9858 6214Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Kosice, Slovakia ,grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Badura
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Nizanski
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Dzimira
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Switonski
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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Foster RA. Disorders of sexual development in the cat: Current state of knowledge and diagnostic approach. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:257-265. [PMID: 35209773 PMCID: PMC9052703 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221079711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Any congenital or developmental abnormality of any part of the male or female
reproductive tract is a ‘disorder of sexual development’ (DSD). The
tricolored male cat phenotype, cryptorchidism, gonadal hypoplasia and
incidental abnormalities such as cystic remnants or embryonic ducts are
well-known feline DSDs. Clinical challenges: Full characterization of DSDs requires sex chromosome determination and
identification of genes related to development of the gonads, internal
tubular genitalia and external genitalia. Fortunately, affected cats are
seen sporadically and the clinical effects are usually minimal. Classification: The classification nomenclature has changed. In place of intersex,
hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphrodite and sex reversal, the newer standard
classification, based on sex chromosomes, designates sex chromosome DSD when
there is an abnormality in the sex chromosomes, and XX (female) and XY
(male) DSDs where there is not. Identification of the gonadal type (testes,
ovaries, ovotestes or gonadal dysgenesis) and documentation of the internal
and external genital components completes the classification. Evidence base: The original basis of the DSD classification was a consensus reached in
humans. It was quickly accepted in veterinary pathology, courtesy of its
logic and ease of application, and it has subsequently begun to appear in
peer-reviewed papers and clinical reviews. This article reviewing the
various disorders in cats is based on application of the classification and
draws on the feline peer-reviewed literature encompassing chromosome
analysis and definition of reproductive abnormalities, syndromes and
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Foster
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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