1
|
If you build it, they will come: Restoration positively influences free-living and parasite diversity in a restored tidal marsh. FOOD WEBS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2020.e00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
2
|
Long-term performance of seagrass restoration projects in Florida, USA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15514. [PMID: 31664068 PMCID: PMC6820728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrass restoration is a common tool for ecosystem service enhancement and compensatory mitigation for habitat loss. However, little is known about the long-term performance of these projects. We identified seagrass restoration projects by reviewing historic permitting documents, monitoring reports, and studies conducted in Florida, USA, most of which have not been cited previously in peer-reviewed literature. We then revisited 33 seagrass restorations ranging in age from 3 to 32 years to compare seagrass percent cover, species diversity, and community structure in restored and contemporary reference seagrass beds. We found that 88% of restoration projects continued to support seagrass and, overall, restored percent cover values were 37% lower than references. Community composition and seagrass percent cover differed from references in projects categorized as sediment modification and transplant restorations, whereas all vessel damage repair projects achieved reference condition. Seagrass diversity was similar between restored and reference beds, except for sediment modification projects, for which diversity was significantly lower than in reference beds. Results indicate that restored seagrass beds in Florida, once established, often exhibit long-term persistence. Our study highlights the benefit of identifying and surveying historic restorations to address knowledge gaps related to the performance and long-term fate of restored seagrass beds.
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Roy M, Sawtschuk J, Bioret F, Gallet S. Toward a social-ecological approach to ecological restoration: a look back at three decades of maritime clifftop restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Le Roy
- EA 7462 Géoarchitecture - Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Technique, CS 93837; 29238 Brest Cedex 2 France
| | - Jérôme Sawtschuk
- EA 7462 Géoarchitecture - Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Technique, CS 93837; 29238 Brest Cedex 2 France
| | - Frédéric Bioret
- EA 7462 Géoarchitecture - Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Technique, CS 93837; 29238 Brest Cedex 2 France
| | - Sébastien Gallet
- EA 7462 Géoarchitecture - Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Technique, CS 93837; 29238 Brest Cedex 2 France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee TS, Toft JD, Cordell JR, Dethier MN, Adams JW, Kelly RP. Quantifying the effectiveness of shoreline armoring removal on coastal biota of Puget Sound. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4275. [PMID: 29492331 PMCID: PMC5825941 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoreline armoring is prevalent around the world with unprecedented human population growth and urbanization along coastal habitats. Armoring structures, such as riprap and bulkheads, that are built to prevent beach erosion and protect coastal infrastructure from storms and flooding can cause deterioration of habitats for migratory fish species, disrupt aquatic–terrestrial connectivity, and reduce overall coastal ecosystem health. Relative to armored shorelines, natural shorelines retain valuable habitats for macroinvertebrates and other coastal biota. One question is whether the impacts of armoring are reversible, allowing restoration via armoring removal and related actions of sediment nourishment and replanting of native riparian vegetation. Armoring removal is targeted as a viable option for restoring some habitat functions, but few assessments of coastal biota response exist. Here, we use opportunistic sampling of pre- and post-restoration data for five biotic measures (wrack % cover, saltmarsh % cover, number of logs, and macroinvertebrate abundance and richness) from a set of six restored sites in Puget Sound, WA, USA. This broad suite of ecosystem metrics responded strongly and positively to armor removal, and these results were evident after less than one year. Restoration responses remained positive and statistically significant across different shoreline elevations and temporal trajectories. This analysis shows that removing shoreline armoring is effective for restoration projects aimed at improving the health and productivity of coastal ecosystems, and these results may be widely applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Lee
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Toft
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffery R Cordell
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan N Dethier
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Adams
- Washington Sea Grant, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan P Kelly
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ziegler SL, Grabowski JH, Baillie CJ, Fodrie FJ. Effects of landscape setting on oyster reef structure and function largely persist more than a decade post‐restoration. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Ziegler
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City NC 28557 U.S.A
| | - Jonathan H. Grabowski
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University 430 Nahant Road, Nahant MA 01908 U.S.A
| | | | - F. J. Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City NC 28557 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leclerc JC, Viard F. Habitat formation prevails over predation in influencing fouling communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:477-492. [PMID: 29321887 PMCID: PMC5756867 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal human‐made structures, such as marinas and harbors, are expanding worldwide. Species assemblages described from these artificial habitats are novel relative to natural reefs, particularly in terms of the abundance of nonindigenous species (NIS). Although these fouling assemblages are clearly distinctive, the ecosystem functioning and species interactions taking place there are little understood. For instance, large predators may influence the fouling community development either directly (feeding on sessile fauna) or indirectly (feeding on small predators associated with these assemblages). In addition, by providing refuges, habitat complexity may modify the outcome of species interactions and the extent of biotic resistance (e.g., by increasing the abundance of niche‐specific competitors and predators of NIS). Using experimental settlement panels deployed in the field for 2.5 months, we tested the influence of predation (i.e., caging experiment), artificial structural complexity (i.e., mimics of turf‐forming species), and their interactions (i.e., refuge effects) on the development of sessile and mobile fauna in two marinas. In addition, we tested the role of biotic complexity—arising from the habitat‐forming species that grew on the panels during the trial—on the richness and abundance of mobile fauna. The effect of predation and artificial habitat complexity was negligible, regardless of assemblage status (i.e., native, cryptogenic, and nonindigenous). Conversely, habitat‐forming species and associated epibionts, responsible for biotic complexity, had a significant effect on mobile invertebrates (richness, abundance, and community structure). In particular, the richness and abundance of mobile NIS were positively affected by biotic complexity, with site‐dependent relationships. Altogether, our results indicate that biotic complexity prevails over artificial habitat complexity in determining the distribution of mobile species under low predation pressure. Facilitation of native and non‐native species thus seems to act upon diversity and community development: This process deserves further consideration in models of biotic resistance to invasion in urban marine habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Leclerc
- UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Roscoff France.,Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias CIBAS Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Frédérique Viard
- UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Roscoff France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Breininger DR, Breininger RD, Hall CR. Effects of surrounding land use and water depth on seagrass dynamics relative to a catastrophic algal bloom. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:67-75. [PMID: 27346673 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are the foundation of many coastal ecosystems and are in global decline because of anthropogenic impacts. For the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.), we developed competing multistate statistical models to quantify how environmental factors (surrounding land use, water depth, and time [year]) influenced the variability of seagrass state dynamics from 2003 to 2014 while accounting for time-specific detection probabilities that quantified our ability to determine seagrass state at particular locations and times. We classified seagrass states (presence or absence) at 764 points with geographic information system maps for years when seagrass maps were available and with aerial photographs when seagrass maps were not available. We used 4 categories (all conservation, mostly conservation, mostly urban, urban) to describe surrounding land use within sections of lagoonal waters, usually demarcated by land features that constricted these waters. The best models predicted that surrounding land use, depth, and year would affect transition and detection probabilities. Sections of the lagoon bordered by urban areas had the least stable seagrass beds and lowest detection probabilities, especially after a catastrophic seagrass die-off linked to an algal bloom. Sections of the lagoon bordered by conservation lands had the most stable seagrass beds, which supports watershed conservation efforts. Our results show that a multistate approach can empirically estimate state-transition probabilities as functions of environmental factors while accounting for state-dependent differences in seagrass detection probabilities as part of the overall statistical inference procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Breininger
- NASA Ecological Program, IMSS-300, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 32899, U.S.A
| | - Robert D Breininger
- 150 W. University Boulevard, Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, U.S.A
| | - Carlton R Hall
- NASA Ecological Program, IMSS-300, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 32899, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bayraktarov E, Saunders MI, Abdullah S, Mills M, Beher J, Possingham HP, Mumby PJ, Lovelock CE. The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:1055-74. [PMID: 27509748 DOI: 10.1890/15-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change in the coastal zone has led to worldwide degradation of marine coastal ecosystems and a loss of the goods and services they provide. Restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed and is critical for habitats where natural recovery is hindered. Uncertainties about restoration cost and feasibility can impede decisions on whether, what, how, where, and how much to restore. Here, we perform a synthesis of 235 studies with 954 observations from restoration or rehabilitation projects of coral reefs, seagrass, mangroves, salt-marshes, and oyster reefs worldwide, and evaluate cost, survival of restored organisms, project duration, area, and techniques applied. Findings showed that while the median and average reported costs for restoration of one hectare of marine coastal habitat were around US$80000 (2010) and US$1600000 (2010), respectively, the real total costs (median) are likely to be two to four times higher. Coral reefs and seagrass were among the most expensive ecosystems to restore. Mangrove restoration projects were typically the largest and the least expensive per hectare. Most marine coastal restoration projects were conducted in Australia, Europe, and USA, while total restoration costs were significantly (up to 30 times) cheaper in countries with developing economies. Community- or volunteer-based marine restoration projects usually have lower costs. Median survival of restored marine and coastal organisms, often assessed only within the first one to two years after restoration, was highest for saltmarshes (64.8%) and coral reefs (64.5%) and lowest for seagrass (38.0%). However, success rates reported in the scientific literature could be biased towards publishing successes rather than failures. The majority of restoration projects were short-lived and seldom reported monitoring costs. Restoration success depended primarily on the ecosystem, site selection, and techniques applied rather than on money spent. We need enhanced investment in both improving restoration practices and large-scale restoration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma S, Goff J, Moody RM, Byron D, Heck KL, Powers SP, Ferraro C, Cebrian J. Do restored oyster reefs benefit seagrasses? An experimental study in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Sharma
- Department of Marine Sciences; University of South Alabama; LSCB 25 Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| | - Joshua Goff
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| | - Ryan M. Moody
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| | - Dorothy Byron
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| | - Kenneth L. Heck
- Department of Marine Sciences; University of South Alabama; LSCB 25 Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| | - Sean P. Powers
- Department of Marine Sciences; University of South Alabama; LSCB 25 Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| | - Carl Ferraro
- State Lands Division Coastal Section; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; 3111 Five Rivers Boulevard Spanish Fort AL 36527 U.S.A
| | - Just Cebrian
- Department of Marine Sciences; University of South Alabama; LSCB 25 Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab; 101 Bienville Boulevard Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pöll CE, Willner W, Wrbka T. Challenging the practice of biodiversity offsets: ecological restoration success evaluation of a large-scale railway project. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-015-0282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|