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Nyame-Asiamah F, Boasu BY, Kawalek P, Buor D. Improving fire risk communication between authorities and micro-entrepreneurs: A mental models study of Ghanaian central market fires. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:451-466. [PMID: 35294062 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study conceptualizes how fire management authorities can empower nonexpert public to participate in fire risk communication processes and increase their own responsibilities for managing fire preventive, protective and recovery processes effectively. Drawing narratives from 10 disaster management experts working at government institutions and nine micro-entrepreneurs operating self-sustaining businesses in different merchandized lines in Ghana, we analyzed the data thematically and explored new insights on mental models to generate a two-way fire risk communication model. The findings suggest that fire management authorities planned fire disasters at the strategic level, collaborated with multiple stakeholders, disseminated information through many risk communication methods, and utilized their capabilities to manage fire at the various stages of fire risk communication, but the outcomes were poor. The micro-entrepreneurs sought to improve fire management outcomes through attitude change, law enforcement actions, strengthened security and better public trust building. The study has implications for policymakers, governments, and risk communication authorities of developing countries to strengthen their fire disaster policies to minimize commercial fire incidents and address the damaging effects of fire on people's livelihoods, businesses, properties, and environments. Our proposed two-way fire risk communication model is a new theoretical lens for experts and the nonexpert public to assess each other's beliefs about risk information and manage fire risk communication effectively at all stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Nyame-Asiamah
- Leicester Castle Business School, De Montfort University, Leicester, England
| | - Bismark Yeboah Boasu
- Department of Geography, SD Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies, Wa, Ghana
| | - Peter Kawalek
- Centre for Information Management, School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, England
| | - Daniel Buor
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Ort A, Reinhardt A, Koch L, Rossmann C. The Emotional Effects of Gain-Loss Frames in Persuasive Messages about Sun Protection on Health Promotional Outcomes: Evidence from an Experimental Study. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:512-521. [PMID: 34334072 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1956072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of emotions for the effects of gain-loss framed messages has been supported, the emotional effects of mixed frames have not been sufficiently investigated. To fill this gap, this experimental study exposed participants (N = 154) to single gain- or loss-framed vs. mixed frame messages about sun-protection outcomes. Integrating the idea of mixed frames with the concept of emotional flow, data were analyzed using a serial mediation model with emotional experience (as indexed by valence and arousal) and intention as factors mediating the effect of shifts on actual behavior, measured two weeks after message exposure. Results demonstrate that mixed messages and their impact on emotional experiences are not generally more effective than pure gain or pure loss messages. However, the application of mixed frame or purely loss-framed messages offers a higher potential to increase behavioral health intentions (resulting in respective behaviors) than messages simply focusing on gain frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ort
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne
| | - Anne Reinhardt
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt
| | - Laura Koch
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt
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Rezabeigi Davarani E, Nekoei-Moghadam M, Khanjani N, Iranpour A, Chashmyazdan M, Farahmandnia H. Factors related to earthquake preparedness of households based on social-cognitive theory constructs: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:987418. [PMID: 36875355 PMCID: PMC9978524 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.987418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Earthquakes cause many casualties worldwide. Taking preventive measures and improving community preparedness is critical to reducing earthquake damage. The social cognitive theory explains how individual and environmental factors cause behavior. This review was conducted to identify the social cognitive theory structures, in research on the preparedness of households against earthquakes. Materials and methods This systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was conducted from January 1, 2000, to October 30, 2021 in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial search yielded 9,225 articles, and finally, 18 articles were selected. Articles were assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Results Eighteen articles about disaster preparedness behaviors based on the socio-cognitive constructs were identified and reviewed. The essential constructs used in the reviewed studies included self-efficacy, collective efficacy, knowledge, outcome expectations, social support, and normative beliefs. Conclusion By identifying the dominant structures that have been used in studies related to the preparedness of households against earthquakes, researchers can implement appropriate and more cost-effective interventions by focusing on improving suitable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Rezabeigi Davarani
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nekoei-Moghadam
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abedin Iranpour
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Chashmyazdan
- Department of Medical Librarianship and Information Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rezabeigi Davarani E, Farahmandnia H, Khanjani N, Nekoei-Moghadam M. The viewpoints of residents of Kerman, Iran regarding the challenges and barriers of preparing households against earthquakes: A theory-guided qualitative content analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1036311. [PMID: 36504991 PMCID: PMC9730698 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1036311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Earthquakes cause a lot of damage and casualties. For various reasons, most households are not prepared for earthquakes. This study aims to identify the challenges and barriers to households' preparedness against earthquakes from the viewpoint of Kerman residents. Methods This qualitative-directed content analysis study was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 in the city of Kerman in southeast Iran. Data was collected by purposive sampling through in-depth and semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews with 48 households. Results After multiple rounds of analyzing and summarizing the data based on the social-cognitive theory and taking into consideration similarities and differences, five main categories and 19 subcategories created based on the results of data analysis and including (1) Challenges related to cognitive factors (2) Challenges related to behavioral factors (3) Challenges related to the physical environment (4) Challenges related to the social environment and (5) Challenges related to financial factors. Conclusion Although the participants listed many challenges and barriers in different fields, in order to overcome the barriers and challenges of preparing households for an earthquake, the support of the authorities and the cooperation of the residents are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Rezabeigi Davarani
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,*Correspondence: Hojjat Farahmandnia
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nekoei-Moghadam
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Earthquake Insurance in California, USA: What Does Community-Generated Big Data Reveal to Us? BIG DATA AND COGNITIVE COMPUTING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/bdcc6020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
California has a high seismic hazard, as many historical and recent earthquakes remind us. To deal with potential future damaging earthquakes, a voluntary insurance system for residential properties is in force in the state. However, the insurance penetration rate is quite low. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this article is to ascertain whether Big Data can provide policymakers and stakeholders with useful information in view of future action plans on earthquake coverage. Therefore, we extracted and analyzed the online search interest in earthquake insurance over time (2004–2021) through Google Trends (GT), a website that explores the popularity of top search queries in Google Search across various regions and languages. We found that (1) the triggering of online searches stems primarily from the occurrence of earthquakes in California and neighboring areas as well as oversea regions, thus suggesting that the interest of users was guided by both direct and vicarious earthquake experiences. However, other natural hazards also come to people’s notice; (2) the length of the higher level of online attention spans from one day to one week, depending on the magnitude of the earthquakes, the place where they occur, the temporal proximity of other natural hazards, and so on; (3) users interested in earthquake insurance are also attentive to knowing the features of the policies, among which are first the price of coverage, and then their worth and practical benefits; (4) online interest in the time span analyzed fits fairly well with the real insurance policy underwritings recorded over the years. Based on the research outcomes, we can propose the establishment of an observatory to monitor the online behavior that is suitable for supporting well-timed and geographically targeted information and communication action plans.
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Influence of Environmental Aesthetic Value and Anticipated Emotion on Pro-Environmental Behavior: An ERP Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095714. [PMID: 35565109 PMCID: PMC9104830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual cues act as signals in the aesthetic value environment, which promote emotion regulation toward pro-environment behavior. This type of perception-emotion-behavior reactivity forms the core of human altruism. However, differences in pro-environmental behavior may result from variation across high-aesthetic-value (HAV) and low-aesthetic-value (LAV) environments. This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying interaction effects between environmental context and emotion regulation on pro-environmental behavior by integrating behavioral and temporal dynamics of decision-making information processing with event-related potential (ERP) technique measures. The results indicated that changing anticipated emotions changes pro-environmental behavior. Regarding changing aesthetic value environments, while modulating emotion regulation, significant differences were found in brain regions and mean amplitudes of N1, P2, N2, and late positive potential (LPP) components, which anticipated emotion. The findings suggest that environmental aesthetic value and emotion regulation impact pro-environmental behavior.
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Derbyshire J. Increasing Preparedness for Extreme Events using Plausibility-Based Scenario Planning: Lessons from COVID-19. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:97-104. [PMID: 34545604 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A striking feature of COVID-19 is many countries' low level of preparedness for it, despite pandemics being a known threat. This raises a question as to the reasons for this underpreparedness. While preparedness should have better reflected pandemics' long-run inevitability and potentially catastrophic impact, government-planning horizons are short term, and the attentiveness of policymakers is bounded and subject to multiple demands. Preparedness is therefore affected by the fundamental uncertainty surrounding the exact nature, timing, and impact of a pandemic. While a subjective probability is attributable to such an event's occurrence, just like it is any other, if founded on scant knowledge and perceived as being low it may inhibit preparedness. Under such circumstances, preparedness may be better served by a focus on plausibility. Moreover, any tendency for policymakers to disregard highly uncertain, low-probability, yet highly impactful events of this type is exacerbated by their "fat-tailed" distribution, which obscures their potential extremity. This article considers how plausibility-based scenario planning can increase preparedness for extreme events like a global pandemic, thereby reducing overconfidence in continued business-as-usual in their face, and emphasizing precaution in their wake. In so doing, the article contributes to what in this journal has recently been called "type B," "generic and fundamental" risk science, which is concerned with identifying better ways to present and communicate uncertainties. In focusing on plausibility-based scenario planning, the article highlights a method seldom previously discussed in relation to risk science, yet one that can contribute much to this type B component of it.
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Mikovits JC. A concept analysis of preparedness: Application to LGBTQ considerations for nursing. J Nurs Manag 2020; 29:16-23. [PMID: 33147363 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this analysis was to investigate the concept of preparedness from literature within multiple disciplines to gain varied perspectives and establish a working definition. BACKGROUND Preparedness is a barrier to LGBTQ considerations in nursing management and education of nursing staff. Understanding the concept of preparedness will help determine the next steps for making changes to give attention to LGBTQ needs. METHOD A concept analysis using Rodgers' evolutionary view was undertaken to evolve the concept of preparedness by evaluating literature from the disciplines of education, nursing, allied health, and business and economics. RESULTS A derived definition from the multidisciplinary concept analysis was completed, and a concept map was designed to help visually conceptualize preparedness and then applied to LGBTQ attention in nursing management and nursing education. CONCLUSION Understanding preparedness is necessary for nursing management to include LGBTQ needs and ensure nurses are prepared to care for LGBTQ people to help decrease health disparities that face the LGBTQ community. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Management and leadership positions in nursing must be prepared to meet the needs of LGBTQ people. Nursing management must ensure that staff are appropriately trained and policies are established to include considerations specific to LGBTQ people.
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Paton D. Disaster risk reduction: Psychological perspectives on preparedness. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Paton
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia,
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Message framing and self-conscious emotions help to understand pro-environment consumer purchase intention: an ERP study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18304. [PMID: 33110155 PMCID: PMC7591878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Message framing plays an important role in advertising strategies and has been studied from various perspectives in different behavioral researches. In this study Event Rated Potentials technique helped to examine the neural mechanism of message framing effect on self-conscious emotions of pride and guilt regarding consumer purchase intention in the context of green marketing. Behavioral results showed that participants ranked higher on positive framing compared to negative framing. ERP results declared that N1 component was elicited by positive framed message with emotion of pride and guilt, reflecting use of attentional resources to acquire potential benefits at first stage of processing emotional information. At the second stage P2 was higher for negative framing containing pride and guilt slogan, showing more attention towards processing emotional information about potential loss. At the third stage LPP component portray that both positive and negative framing is supported by guilt emotion when processing emotional information in decision making. Our results delivered strong evidence that how purchase intention can be mediated by message framing under the pride and guilt emotions in the context of green marketing.
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Zubair M, Wang X, Iqbal S, Awais M, Wang R. Attentional and emotional brain response to message framing in context of green marketing. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04912. [PMID: 33005782 PMCID: PMC7519354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Message framing plays an important role in advertising strategies and has been studied from various perspectives in different behavioral studies. New method This study employs the event-related potential technique to examine attentional and emotional brain processing as influenced by message framing in the context of green marketing. Results The behavioral results demonstrated that purchase preference was higher under positive framing compared to negative and neutral framing. As per the event-related potential results, negative framing elicited a larger P1 component, which reveals that in the first stage of processing information, threatening information attracted more attention. In the second and third stage, N170 and P3, respectively, were higher for positive framing, demonstrating that there was more attention toward the processing of non-threatening emotional information. Comparison with existing method: Message Framing has been previously examined with behavioral methods. We for the first time examined it with a neuroscientific method like Event Related Brain Potential technique in a green marketing context. Conclusion Our results compared to behavioral studies provide stronger evidence from underlying neural perspective for how message framing can be affected by attentional and emotional brain responses in the context of green marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Marketing, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Room No 1206, Dormitory-D, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Marketing, School of Management, Zhejiang University, 3 Floor, School of Management Building, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sidra Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Data Science and Engineering Management, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Room No 1023, Dormitory-D, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Department of Marketing, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Room No 508, Dormitory-A, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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