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Ecological Study on the Oral Health of Romanian Intellectually Challenged Athletes. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010140. [PMID: 35052303 PMCID: PMC8775399 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to give an image of the oral health status and treatment needs of intellectually challenged athletes taking part in Special Olympics—Special Smiles (SO-SS) events organized in Romania during 2011–2019 and to find potential associations with socio-economic factors. An observational ecological retrospective study was conducted, and 1860 oral examinations were performed on participants aged 8 to 30 years in nine SS-SO events. Oral examination was performed under field conditions. Percentage of caries-free subjects, mean DMF-T index and its components (D = decayed; M = missing; F = filled; T = teeth), restoration index RI = [F/(F + D) × 100]%, and Plaque Index were calculated for each of the nine groups. Caries-free subjects ranged between 5.90% and 21.70%. DMF-T ranged from 4.27 to 7.71. Higher values for “F” component (range 0.66–1.69) and RI (range 13.02–27.74%) were found in events held in cities from regions with higher reported Gross Domestic Product. Sealants were present in 0 to 8.4% of the subjects. In areas with lower numbers of inhabitants per dentist, more sealants were found (p < 0.001). Romanian SO athletes exhibited relatively poor oral health, limited access to dental treatment, and low level of prevention. Targeted prevention and treatment programs adjusted to specific conditions in each geo-economic region are needed.
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Lansdown K, Irving M, Mathieu Coulton K, Smithers-Sheedy H. A scoping review of oral health outcomes for people with cerebral palsy. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:232-243. [PMID: 34706111 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Good oral health is important for good overall health. Studies have reported poorer oral health outcomes for people with cerebral palsy, but there has been no synthesis of the evidence surrounding this and, there are no clear oral health recommendations for people with cerebral palsy globally. This review synthesizes the existing knowledge base on oral health in people with cerebral palsy and provides recommendations for future research. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to assess the current literature. Databases were searched using relevant search terms. Study outcomes were synthesized according to their reported outcomes. RESULTS One hundred seventy three studies were included in this review. Children with cerebral palsy have an increased risk for dental caries and untreated caries. Higher saliva osmolality is a major contributor to increased dental caries. People with cerebral palsy are more likely to experience tooth wear and bruxism. Children and their care-givers have poor oral health related quality of life. There is a large unmet need for oral healthcare in this group. There is no suggested plan for the prevention of poor oral health for this group. A high number of studies included related to research is conducted in low- and middle-income countries, care should be taken in applying results outside this context. There is a lack of research conducted in people with cerebral palsy, 18 years and over. CONCLUSION There is a higher risk for poor oral health in people with cerebral palsy and there is a large unmet need to dental care in this group. This study highlights the need for further research to focus on adults with cerebral palsy and an of understanding the oral health care outcomes in the context of settings. The authors recommend the inclusion of classification systems and the integration of disability inclusive language in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lansdown
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kimberly Mathieu Coulton
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Nascimento BL, Vieira AR, Bezamat M, Ignácio SA, Souza EM. Occlusal problems, mental health issues and non-carious cervical lesions. Odontology 2021; 110:349-355. [PMID: 34568988 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are characterized by a loss of hard dental tissue near the cement-enamel junction with multifactorial etiology. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that occlusal factors as attrition, malocclusion, and bruxism, and mental disorders as depression, stress, and anxiety are involved in the etiology of NCCLs. Salivary samples and clinical data of 340 individuals selected from 6,112 participants were obtained from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository project. The affected group was formed by individuals with NCCL (34 females, 34 males, mean age 55.34 years). In addition, the comparison group was formed by individuals without NCCL (136 females, 136 males, mean age 55.14 years). Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with mental disorders were genotyped and tested for association with NCCLs. When all occlusal factors were combined there was found a significant association with NCCL (p = 0.000001/adjusted OR 4.38, 95% CI 2.50-7.69). Attrition (OR 3.56, 95% CI 2.00-6.32) and malocclusion (OR 5.09, 95% CI 1.65-15.68) as separate variables showed statistically significant associations with NCCL. There was a significant difference in stress history between the two groups (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.08-4.39). No associations between NCCLs and the SNPs selected were found. However, when the occlusal factors were analyzed as covariates, associations were found between bruxism and seven of the selected SNPs. Our results suggest that occlusal factors might be associated with NCCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna L Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Mariana Bezamat
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Sergio A Ignácio
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Evelise M Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.
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Castilho LSD, Diniz IMA, Santos BPDR, Lages FS, Cruz AJSD, Abreu MHNG. Carious lesions recurrence in children with developmental disabilities: a longitudinal study. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e071. [PMID: 34495135 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the factors associated with new carious lesions in one-to five-year-old children with developmental disabilities. This was a retrospective cohort that evaluated 64 dental charts of individuals with caries or fillings in their first dental appointment. The dependent variable was the occurrence of a new carious lesion or restoration. Gender, age, mother's education, sugar consumption, oral hygiene, mouth breathing, reports of xerostomia, gingival status, use of psychotropic drugs, use of asthma drugs, history of asthma, bronchitis, reflux or seizures and having at least one sibling were covariates. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the raw and adjusted hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence interval. The average time that individuals remained free of dental caries/restoration was 79.49 months (95%CI: 64.37 to 92.61). Increase in sucrose consumption increased the rate of caries recurrence (HR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.30). Individuals who had poor oral hygiene had higher rate of new dental caries (HR = 3.88; 95%CI: 1.22 to 12.37) compared to those with good oral hygiene. The presence of mouth breathing decreased the rate of recurrence of the disease when compared to the nasal breathing (HR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.70). Oral health-related behaviors and nasal respiration influenced the rate of dental caries recurrence in individuals with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Silva de Castilho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pereira Dos Reis Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Júnio Silva da Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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de Oliveira AMM, de Melo EGM, Mendes MLT, Dos Santos Oliveira SJG, Tavares CSS, Vaez AC, de Vasconcelos SJA, Santos HP, Santos VS, Martins-Filho PRS. Oral and maxillofacial conditions, dietary aspects, and nutritional status of children with congenital Zika syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:71-77. [PMID: 32493680 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate oral and maxillofacial outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and the presence of nonnutritive sucking habits, functional habits, and features related to breastfeeding and nutrition of these children. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study with 45 children with CZS and 50 healthy controls in Sergipe state, Brazil, from February 2018 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data, including breastfeeding and feeding data, were obtained for each child. Additionally, oral and maxillofacial evaluation was performed. RESULTS Low weight (prevalence rate [PR] 8.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02-34.45), nonexclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (PR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18-2.08); mouth breathing (PR 3.46; 95% CI 1.83-6.52); difficulty in swallowing (PR 6.00; 95% CI 2.53-14.25); and excessive salivation (PR 4.81; 95% CI 2.18-10.62) were more frequent in children with CZS. Children with CZS were more likely to have abnormal insertion of the upper labial frenulum (PR 7.04; 95% CI 2.23-22.20); ogival palate (PR 3.70; 95% CI 1.63-8.40), dental enamel defects (PR 2.22; 95% CI 1.05-4.69); and delayed dental eruption (PR 8.89; 95% CI 1.16-68.32) compared with healthy children. CONCLUSIONS Children with CZS had a higher frequency of problems related to breastfeeding, low weight, and oral and maxillofacial abnormalities compared with healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márcia Menezes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Elisama Gomes Magalhães de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Sheila Jaqueline Gomes Dos Santos Oliveira
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santos Souza Tavares
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Andreia Centenaro Vaez
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sara Juliana Abreu de Vasconcelos
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victor Santana Santos
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Saquete Martins-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Ferreira ACFM, Mayer MPA, Kawamoto D, Santos MTBR. Constipation, antiepileptic drugs, and gingivitis in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:635-641. [PMID: 30817037 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP) individuals present with epilepsy, which requires the use of antiepileptic drug (AED). HYPOTHESIS Since an inflammatory response may contribute to epileptogenesis, the hypothesis tested was that constipation would be associated with gingivitis and the use of AED in children and adolescents (CA) with CP. DESIGN A comparative study was conducted with 101 CA aged 5-17 years (10.8 ± 4.9), classified as constipated (G1; n = 57) or not constipated (G2; n = 44). Clinical patterns, AED used, body mass index (BMI), fluid intake, toilet transfer, and gingival condition were evaluated. Student's t test, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis were performed (α = 0.05). RESULTS There were no differences between groups regarding gender (P = 0.531), age (P = 0.227), BMI (P = 0.437), and fluid intake (P = 0.346). G1, however, presented a higher percentage of quadriplegic individuals (P < 0.001), dependency for toilet transfer (P < 0.001), the presence of gingivitis (P = 0.020), and the use of AED polytherapy (P < 0.001) compared to G2. Constipation was associated with quadriplegic CA, using GABA as AED (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Mucosal inflammation evidenced by constipation and gingivitis is associated with the most neurologically compromised CAs under the use of GABA AED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Castilho LS, Abreu MHNG, Pires E Souza LGDA, Romualdo LTDA, Souza E Silva ME, Resende VLS. Factors associated with anterior open bite in children with developmental disabilities. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2017; 38:46-50. [PMID: 29278267 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate factors associated with anterior open bite in individuals aged from 2 to 33 years with developmental disabilities. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 271 dental records were examined. The anterior open bite analyzed was determined based on clinic exam. These variables were also analyzed: gender, age, education level of mother, International Code of Diseases (ICD), mouth breathing, use of anticonvulsant drugs, hyperkinesis, pacifier use, thumb sucking, seizure, and involuntary movements. For the purposes of analysis, the individuals were categorized as being with and without anterior open bite. Variables with a p-value of < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were incorporated into the logistic regression models. RESULTS Mouth breathers had a 2.60-fold (95% CI: 1.35-5.01) greater chance of exhibiting anterior open bite than nasal breathers. Pacifier users are more likely to have an anterior open bite (3.32-fold, 95% CI: 1.62-6.77). Individuals with reported involuntary movements had a 2.66-fold (95% CI: 1.26-5.63) greater chance of exhibiting anterior open bite. Users of anticonvulsants drugs had a 3.05 (95% CI: 1.57-5.92) greater chance of showing anterior open bite. CONCLUSION Involuntary movements, mouth breathing, using anticonvulsant drugs, and using pacifier are factors associated with anterior open bite in patients with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Silva de Castilho
- Professor Doctor of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of Dental School, Coordinator of the Extension Project "Dental Care for disabled", Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães Abreu
- Professor Doctor of the Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Pires E Souza
- Undergraduate Student, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leiliane Teresinha de Almeida Romualdo
- Undergraduate Student, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Souza E Silva
- Professor Doctor of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Silva Resende
- Professor Doctor of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Naseem M, Shah AH, Khiyani MF, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Gulzar S, AlJameel AH, Khalil HS. Access to oral health care services among adults with learning disabilities: a scoping review. ANNALI DI STOMATOLOGIA 2017; 7:52-59. [PMID: 28149451 DOI: 10.11138/ads/2016.7.3.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of oral diseases including dental caries and periodontal conditions is remarkably higher in people with disabilities. The provision of accessible oral health services for people with learning disabilities may be challenging. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the review were to identify barriers in accessing oral health care that persists within society, enabling or disabling people with learning disabilities. METHODS Using the Arksey O'Malley framework, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed/Medline, OVIDSP, and EMBASE. Studies were evaluated and short-listed based on the inclusion criteria, which consisted of: (1) study participants or population with learning disabilities, (2) aged 16 years or over, (3) reporting on access to oral health services, (4) published in the English language. Those that justified the inclusion criteria were carefully chosen after a blind peer-reviewed process when relevance and quality were debated. RESULTS Nine studies were eventually included from searches. Tabulation of data was done under the heading of study type, outcomes, the year of publication and patient selection. The majority of studies provided a biomedical overview of access for adults with learning disabilities. CONCLUSIONS The concept of access for people with disability is still ill-defined and obscure. Access to oral health care and needs of people with learning disabilities are complex and multi-facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf H Shah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Fellow, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research (PAHER) University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Muhammad Faheem Khiyani
- Oral Health and Rehabilitation Research Unit, Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medinah Munnawarrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabnam Gulzar
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - AlBandary H AlJameel
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham S Khalil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dinc ME, Altundag A, Dizdar D, Avincsal MO, Sahin E, Ulusoy S, Paltura C. An objective assessment of halitosis in children with adenoid vegetation during pre- and post-operative period. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 88:47-51. [PMID: 27497386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although most specialists in otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics find halitosis to be a common problem in children with adenoid hypertrophy, there are no objective data on this topic in the literature. Whether adenoid hypertrophy is a risk factor for halitosis or whether halitosis is a sign of adenoid hypertrophy remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether children diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy have a higher probability of halitosis than do children in the normal population and whether adenoidectomy can decrease oral malodor. METHODS Forty children with adenoid hypertrophy and 40 healthy subjects aged 5-15 years were included in the study. The children with adenoid hypertrophy underwent adenoidectomy operations and were followed for 3 months. We measured volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S using an objective method, a portable gas chromatograph (OralChroma; AbiMedical, Osaka, Japan). RESULTS The mean CH3SH and (CH3)2S levels were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the adenoid hypertrophy group and the controls. The H2S, CH3SH, and (CH3)2S levels in the third postoperative month were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the preoperative period, and there was no significant difference postoperatively between the patients with adenoid hypertrophy and controls. There was a positive correlation between age and VSC levels, and CH3SH levels were significantly higher in patients with ventilation tube insertion, rather than just adenoidectomy. CONCLUSIONS There was a statistically significant association between halitosis and adenoid hypertrophy, and a significant improvement in halitosis was obtained following adenoidectomy. The present study provides an association between halitosis and adenoid hypertrophy. If there is no other oral pathology causing halitosis, halitosis can be a sign of adenoid hypertrophy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emre Dinc
- Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Istanbul Surgery Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Denizhan Dizdar
- Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozgur Avincsal
- Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ethem Sahin
- Bayındır Hospital Icerenkoy, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seckin Ulusoy
- Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceki Paltura
- Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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